1、Designation: C1352/C1352M 09C1352/C1352M 15Standard Test Method forFlexural Modulus of Elasticity of Dimension Stone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1352/C1352M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the flexural modulus of elasticity of stone by using
3、 a simple beamwith quarter-point loading.1.2 Stone tests may be made with load applied perpendicular to the bedding plane or rift and with load applied parallel to thebedding plane or rift.1.3 Stone tests may be made for wet and dry specimen conditions.1.4 The specifier of the test shall determine w
4、hich conditions shall be used.1.5 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values statedin each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two syste
5、ms may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of r
6、egulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension StoneC880 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Dimension StoneC1799 Guide to Dimension Stone Test Specimen Sampling and PreparationE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machin
7、es3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionFor definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology C119.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 modulus of elasticity, nstress per unit strain, also known as Youngs Modulus.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is useful for p
8、roviding engineering values for stress and deflection analysis of stone panels. It is also usefulin indicating the differences in flexural modulus of elasticity between various dimension stones and stones of the same type indifferent loading directions (parallel and perpendicular to rift or bedding
9、planes).5. Apparatus5.1 Testing Machine (see Fig. 1), conforming to the requirements of the applicable sections of Practices E4. The quarter-pointloading method shall be used in making flexure tests of stone employing bearing blocks that will ensure that forces applied to thebeam will be vertical on
10、ly and applied without eccentricity. The apparatus should be capable of maintaining the span length anddistances between load-applying blocks and support blocks constant within 60.05 in. 61 mm. The load should be capable ofbeing applied at a uniform rate and in such a manner as to avoid shock.1 This
11、 test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on Dimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on Test Methods.Current edition approved April 1, 2009May 1, 2015. Published April 2009July 2015. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 200
12、82009 asC135296(2008).C135209. DOI: 10.1520/C1352_C1352M-09.10.1520/C1352_C1352M-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary pa
13、ge on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that
14、users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 Deflection Gages, cap
15、able of reading to 0.0001 in. 0.002 mm shall be used to measure mid-span deflections at the two freeedges and support deflections at each end.6. Test Specimens6.1 The test specimens shall measure 4 in. 100 mm wide by 1.25 in. 30 mm thick by 15 in. 350 mm long with a span astested of 12.5 in. 300 mm.
16、 The sides of the specimens shall be at right angles with the top and bottom. The specimens shall havea fine abrasive finish on the planes perpendicular to the load and a fine saw finish on the other four planes. The dimensions of thespecimen shall be measured and recorded to the nearest 0.01 in. 0.
17、1 mm. A minimum of five specimens shall be tested for eachcondition of test. The average value calculated from plots of the test results is reported as the flexural modulus of elasticity forthat condition.6.2 Where the job thickness has been set (the thickness of the stone panels for the project has
18、 been established), it is oftenrequested to perform flexural modulus of elasticity tests at the job thickness. The following shall govern the specimen size whereit is requested to test at the job thickness, and the job thickness is other than 1.25 in. 30 mm. The span as tested shall be ten timesthe
19、thickness. The specimen lengths shall be not less than 2 in. 50 mm and not more than 4 in. 100 mm greater than the spanas tested. Where the thickness is less than 2.67 in. 70 mm, the width of the specimen shall be 4 in. 100 mm. Where the thicknessis greater than 2.67 in. 70 mm the width shall be 1.5
20、 times the thickness. Where the thickness is other than 1.25 in. 30 mm andthe specimen size is in accordance with the job thickness criteria noted in the foregoing, the average value of the test results foreach condition shall be reported as the flexural modulus of elasticity of the stone at the job
21、 thickness for that condition. All otherrequirements shall be in accordance with 6.1.6.3 Where the job surface finish has been set (the architectural finish on the panels for the project has been established), it isoften requested to perform flexural modulus of elasticity tests on specimens with the
22、 finish the same as on the job. The followingshall govern when it is requested to test at the job surface finish. The specimens shall have a finish on one plane perpendicularto the load in accordance with the finish specified for the job. Unless there are data to the contrary, the positioning of the
23、 specimenshall be with the finished face in flexural tension. The average value of the test results for each condition shall be reported as theflexural modulus of elasticity of the stone at the job surface finish for that condition.All other requirements shall be in accordancewith 6.1 and 6.2.6.4 Wh
24、ere the specimens conform to the requirements of 6.2 and 6.3, the average value calculated from plots of the test resultsfor each condition shall be reported as the flexural modulus of elasticity of the stone at the job thickness and surface finish for thatcondition.NOTE 1Refer to Guide C1799 for ad
25、ditional information on selecting, preparing, and conditioning test specimens.7. Conditioning7.1 For specimens with uneven surfaces, prepare flat bearing areas for the span supports and quarter point loading blocks byapplying a water resistant capping compound 12 in. 15 mm wide centered on these are
26、as. Allow the capping compound to dryor cure per the manufacturers recommendations before continuing conditioning the specimens in accordance with 7.2 or 7.3.7.2 Before testing the specimens in a dry condition, dry them for 48 h at 140 6 4F 60 6 2C. At the 46th, 47th, and 48thh, weigh the specimens
27、to ensure the weight is the same. If the weight continues to drop, continue to dry the specimens until thereare three successive hourly readings with the same weight. After removing the specimens from the oven, cool them to roomtemperature in a desiccator before testing.FIG. 1 Diagrammatic View of a
28、 Suitable Apparatus for Flexural Modulus of Elasticity of Stone TestC1352/C1352M 1527.3 Before testing the specimens in a wet condition, immerse them in water for 48 h at 72 6 4F 22 6 2C. Test themimmediately upon removal from the bath, wiping the specimens free of surface water.8. Procedure8.1 Asse
29、mble the apparatus, place the specimen on the span supports, and adjust the quarter-point loading blocks into contactwith the specimens.8.2 Preload the specimen twice to a maximum load corresponding to 50 % of the anticipated ultimate strength and then backto zero (Note 12). Increase the load at a r
30、ate that corresponds to a change in flexural stress no greater than 600 psi 4.14 MPa permin.NOTE 2Ultimate flexural strength values are best determined by Test Method C880.8.3 Apply a preload of 10 lbf 50 N, zero the deflection gages, and load reading apparatus (see Note 23).8.4 Increase the load in
31、 increments of approximately 10 % of the anticipated failure load. Stop the loading at each incrementand record both of the two sample midspan edge deflections. Continue load increments and deflection readings until failure of thespecimen occurs.NOTE 3It is frequently difficult to set the deflection
32、 gages to read zero when there is no load on the specimen. A common practice is to apply a smallinitial load to the specimen such as 10 lbf 50 N and set the deflection gages to read zero for this load. Since it is only the slope of the stress-strain curvethat is desired, this initial load does not a
33、ffect the final result.9. Calculation9.1 Plot the load-deflection readings to a convenient scale using the average net midspan deflection and draw a straight line torepresent, as nearly as possible, the average of the plotted points for the linear portion of the curve. (See Fig. 2.) If the line does
34、not pass through the zero point, draw a corrected line through this point and parallel to the stress-strain line. Calculate the flexuralmodulus of elasticity, E, from the coordinates of a convenient Point A on the corrected line as follows:E 5 11WL364bd 3 (1)5Sc11c22 D2Ss11s22 Dwhere:E = flexural mo
35、dulus of elasticity, psi MPa,W = total load applied to specimen, lbf N,W = load coordinate of the point, lbf N, = average net midspan deflection, in. mm,c1 = midspan deflection 1, in. mm,c2 = midspan deflection 2, in. mm,s 1 = support deflection 1, in. mm,s2 = support deflection 2, in. mm, = deflect
36、ion coordinate of the point, in. mm,L = span, in. mm,FIG. 2 Typical LoadDeflection PlotC1352/C1352M 153b = width of specimen, in. mm, andd = depth of specimen, in. mm.10. Report10.1 The report shall include the following:10.1.1 Stone type and finish,10.1.2 Sizes of the specimens used,10.1.3 Directio
37、n of bedding plane or rift,10.1.4 Preconditioning procedure used,10.1.5 Individual test results for each specimen, including loads, deflections, and plots,10.1.6 Average value of the calculated test results for each condition of test using the following relation,E 5sum of observed valuesnumber of te
38、sts (2)10.1.7 Standard deviation, s, of the test results for each condition of test using the following relation, ands 5=sum ofvalue2E! 2number of tests21 (3)10.1.8 Any variations from the above procedural techniques.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Individual variations in a natural product may result in
39、 deviation from accepted values. A precision section will be addedwhen sufficient data are available to indicate acceptable tolerances in repeatability and reproducibility.12. Keywords12.1 dimension stone; flexure; modulus of elasticity; stoneASTM International takes no position respecting the valid
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