1、Designation: C14 14C14 15Standard Specification forNonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and CulvertPipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C14; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This covers nonreinforced concrete pipe
3、intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, storm water,and for the construction of culverts.1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C14 has been developedC14M; therefore, no metric equivalents arepresented in this specification.NOTE 1This specification is a manufac
4、turing and purchase specification only and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or therelationship between field load conditions and the strength classification of pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of thisproduct depends upon the proper selection of
5、the class of pipe, type of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the constructionspecifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide for or require inspectionat the construction site.2. Reference
6、d Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC150 Specification for Portland CementC309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing ConcreteC443 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber GasketsC494 Specification for Chemical
7、Admixtures for ConcreteC497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or TileC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC989 Specifi
8、cation for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Shotcrete3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Classification4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this specification shall be o
9、f three classes identified as “Class 1 Nonreinforced ConcretePipe,” “Class 2 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe,” and “Class 3 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe.” The corresponding strengthrequirements are prescribed in Table 1.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be determined by the re
10、sults of the test prescribed in this section, when required, and byinspection to determine whether the pipe conforms to this specification as to design and freedom from defects.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of S
11、ubcommittee C13.01 on Non-ReinforcedConcrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014Jan. 1, 2015. Published February 2014January 2015. Originally approved in 1917. Last previous edition approved in 20112014 asC14 11.C14 14. DOI: 10.1520/C0014-14.10.1520/C0014-15.2 For
12、referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provi
13、de the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the s
14、tandard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 Acceptance as to Strength PropertiesPipe shall be acceptable under the strength tests when they have met the re
15、quirementsas prescribed in 10.3.5.3 Acceptance as to Absorption PropertiesPipe shall be acceptable under the absorption test when they have met therequirements as prescribed in 10.4.5.4 Acceptance as to Permeability PropertiesPipe shall be acceptable under the permeability test when they have met th
16、erequirements as prescribed in 10.5.NOTE 2Prior to purchase, the owner has the option to specify the hydrostatic test prescribed in 10.6 instead of the permeability test.5.5 Acceptance as to Hydrostatic PropertiesPipe shall be acceptable under the hydrostatic test when they have met therequirements
17、as prescribed in 10.6.6. Materials6.1 ConcreteThe concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, and water.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150 or shall be portlandblast-furnace slag cement or
18、 slag modified portland cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements ofSpecification C595, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portlandpozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class
19、 C.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 ofSpecification C989.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete shallbe one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cem
20、ent only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement and fly ash,6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag, or6.2.4.7 A combination of
21、 portland cement, fly ash (not to exceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight) and ground granulatedblast furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight).6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to Specification C33, except that the requirement for gradation shall not apply.6.4 Adm
22、ixtures and blends shall conform to Specification C494.6.5 Synthetic fibers and Non-Synthetic fibers shall be allowed to be used, at the manufacturers option, in concrete pipe as anonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and Non-Synthetic fiber (Type I) designed
23、andmanufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116 shall be accepted.7. Design7.1 Design TablesDesign requirements shall be in accordance with Table 1.Wall thickness used shall be not less than the valueshown, except as affected by the toleranc
24、e herein specified and by the provision for modified design.TABLE 1 Physical and Dimensional Requirements for Nonreinforced Concrete PipeAClass 1 Class 2 Class 3Internal DesignatedDiameter, in.MinimumThickness of Wall,in.Minimum Three-EdgeBearing Strength,lbf/linear ftMinimumThickness of Wall,in.Min
25、imum Three-EdgeBearing Strength,lbf/linear ftMinimumThickness of Wall,in.Minimum Three-EdgeBearing Strength,lbf/linear ft4 58 1500 34 2000 34 24006 58 1500 34 2000 78 24008 34 1500 78 2000 118 240010 78 1600 1 2000 114 240012 1 1800 138 2250 134 260015 114 2000 158 2600 178 290018 112 2200 2 3000 21
26、4 330021 134 2400 214 3300 234 385024 218 2600 3 3600 338 440027 314 2800 334 3950 334 460030 312 3000 414 4300 414 475033 334 3150 412 4400 412 487536 4 3300 434 4500 434 5000A SubjectSubject to tolerances in Section 11.C14 1527.2 Modified or Special DesignManufacturers shall submit to the owner fo
27、r approval, prior to manufacture, wall thicknessesother than those shown in Table 1. Such pipe shall meet all of the physical requirements listed in Section 10 that are specified bythe owner.8. Joints8.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the concrete pipe sections so formed, that th
28、e pipe can be laid togetherto make a continuous line of pipe compatible with the permissible variations given in Section 11.9. Manufacture9.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious materialsand water as will produce a homogeneous c
29、oncrete mixture materials, water, and admixtures, if any, to produce a thoroughly mixedconcrete of such quality that the pipe will conform to the test and design requirements of this specification.All concrete shall havea water-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weight. Cementitious
30、materials shall be as specified in 6.2 and shallbe added to the mix in a proportion not less than 470 lb/yd3 unless mix designs with a lower cementitious material contentdemonstrate that the quality and performance of the pipe meet the requirements of this specification.9.2 CuringPipe shall be subje
31、cted to any one of the methods of curing described in 9.2.1, 9.2.2, 9.2.3, 9.2.4, or to any othermethod or combination of methods approved by the owner that will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall be adequately curedto obtain the strength properties as described in 5.2.9.2.1 Steam CuringPipe
32、shall be placed in a curing chamber, free from outside drafts, and cured in a moist atmospheremaintained by the injection of steam for such time and such temperature as needed to enable the pipe to meet the strengthrequirements. The curing chamber shall be so constructed as to allow full circulation
33、 of steam around the entire pipe.9.2.2 Water CuringConcrete pipe shall be water-cured by covering with water-saturated material or by a system of perforatedpipes, mechanical sprinklers, porous hose, or by any other approved method that will keep the pipe moist during the specifiedcuring period.9.2.3
34、 The manufacturer is not prohibited from combining the methods described in 9.2.1 and 9.2.2 provided the specifiedstrength is attained.9.2.4 Membrane CuringA sealing membrane conforming to the requirements of Specification C309 is not prohibited frombeing applied and left intact until the specified
35、strength requirements are met. The concrete at the time of application shall be within10F of the atmospheric temperature.All surfaces shall be kept moist prior to the application of the compounds and shall be dampwhen the compound is applied.9.3 Specials:9.3.1 General RequirementsSpecial shapes or f
36、ittings such as wyes, tees, bends, and adapters for use with concrete pipeconforming to this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements for concrete pipe of corresponding class and internaldiameter. Joints shall be compatible with those used in adjoining concrete pipes.9.3.2 Fabricat
37、ed BranchesFabricated branches for wyes and tees shall be securely attached to the wall of the pipe in such amanner as not to restrict or otherwise interfere with the flow characteristics of the pipe.10. Requirements10.1 Test SpecimenThe specified number of pipe required for the tests shall be furni
38、shed by the manufacturer and shall beselected at random by the owner, and shall be pipe that would not otherwise be rejected under this specification. The selection shallbe made at the point or points designated by the owner when placing the order. The test pipe shall first be freed from all visible
39、moisture. When dry, each pipe shall be measured and inspected. The results of these observations shall be recorded.10.2 Number and Type of Test Specimens RequiredThe manufacturer shall furnish pipe for crushing and absorption tests, upto 0.5 % of the number of pipe of each size included in the order
40、, except that in no case shall less than two pipe be furnished. Forthe permeability test, 2 % of the number of pipe of each size included in the order, but in no case less than two pipe shall befurnished. For the hydrostatic test, 0.5 % of the number of pipe of each size included in the order, but i
41、n no case less than two pipeshall be furnished.10.3 External Load Crushing RequirementThe crushing strength of nonreinforced concrete pipe shall conform to therequirements prescribed in Table 1. The individual results of the various tests for each size of pipe and for each shipment and plantshall be
42、 tabulated separately.The crushing strength shall ordinarily be applied to not less than 75 % of the pipe received for purposeof test. All tests shall be made in accordance with Test Methods C497. Pipe shall be acceptable when all test pipe conform to thespecified requirement. Should any of the test
43、 pipe provided in 10.2 fail to meet the strength requirement, the manufacturer will beallowed to test two pipe for each pipe that failed, and the pipe shall be acceptable only when all of these additional test pipe meetthe strength requirement.10.4 Absorption RequirementWhen required by the owner, a
44、n absorption test shall be performed by either Test Method A orTest Method B in accordance with Test Methods C497 for the boiling absorption test. Absorption shall not exceed 9 % for TestC14 153Method A or 8.5 % for Test Method B. The individual results of the various tests for each size of pipe for
45、 each shipment and plantshall be tabulated separately. All tests shall be made in accordance with Test Methods C497. The number of absorption testspecimens shall be equal to the number of pipe provided for crushing strength testing. These specimens shall be obtained from pipethat are acceptable as t
46、o strength, and shall be taken from pipe used in making the strength test after the test is made. Thesespecimens shall be marked with the number or identification mark of the pipe from which they were taken. Each Test Method Aspecimen shall have an area of 12 to 20 in.2, as measured on one surface o
47、f the pipe, and a thickness equal to the pipe wall, andshall be free of visible cracks. Pipe shall be acceptable when all test pipe conform to the specified absorption requirement.10.5 Permeability RequirementWhen subjected to the permeability test, as specified in Test Methods C497, the outer pipes
48、urface of not less than 80 % of the pipe tested shall show no moist or damp spots at the end of the test period due to water passingthrough the walls of the pipe.10.6 Hydrostatic RequirementWhen subjected to the hydrostatic test, as described in Test Methods C497, the pipe shall showno leakage durin
49、g 10 min at 10 psi. Moisture appearing on the surface of the pipe in the form of patches or beads adhering to thesurface shall not be considered leakage. The test pipe shall be filled with water and held under 10 psi pressure for 24 h prior tothe test, except that the manufacturer is not prohibited from reducing this presoak time or pressure, or both. The manufacturer isnot prohibited from continuing this test up to 24 h, and the pipe will be considered to have passed when, during any 10-min period,no leakage is
