1、Designation: C1472 16Standard Guide forCalculating Movement and Other Effects When EstablishingSealant Joint Width1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1472; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides information on performance factorssuch as movement, construction tolerances, and other effectst
3、hat should be accounted for to properly establish sealant jointsize. It also provides procedures to assist in calculating anddetermining the required width of a sealant joint enabling it torespond properly to those movements and effects. Informationin this guide is primarily applicable to single- an
4、d multi-component, cold-applied joint sealants and secondarily toprecured sealant extrusions when used with properly preparedjoint openings and substrate surfaces.1.2 Although primarily directed towards the understandingand design of sealant joints for walls for buildings and otherareas, the informa
5、tion contained herein is also applicable tosealant joints that occur in horizontal slabs and paving systemsas well as various sloped building surfaces.1.3 This guide does not describe the selection and propertiesof joint sealants (1)2, nor their use and installation, which isdescribed by Guide C1193
6、.1.4 For protective glazing systems that are designed to resistblast and other effects refer to Guide C1564 in combinationwith this guide.1.5 This guide is not applicable to the design of joints sealedwith aerosol foam sealants.1.6 For structural sealant glazing systems refer to GuideC1401 in combin
7、ation with this guide.1.7 The values and calculations stated in SI units are to beregarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses andinch-pound units are provided for information only. SI units inthis guide are in conformance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10-1997.1.8 The Committee having jurisdiction
8、for this guide is notaware of any comparable standards published by other orga-nizations.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practice
9、s and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry UnitsMade from Clay or Shale)C717 Terminology of Building Seals and SealantsC719 Test Method for Adhesion and Cohesion of Elasto-mer
10、ic Joint Sealants Under Cyclic Movement (HockmanCycle)C794 Test Method forAdhesion-in-Peel of Elastomeric JointSealantsC920 Specification for Elastomeric Joint SealantsC1193 Guide for Use of Joint SealantsC1401 Guide for Structural Sealant GlazingC1481 Guide for Use of Joint Sealants with Exterior I
11、nsu-lation and Finish Systems (EIFS)C1518 Specification for Precured Elastomeric Silicone JointSealantsC1523 Test Method for Determining Modulus, Tear andAdhesion Properties of Precured Elastomeric Joint Seal-antsC1564 Guide for Use of Silicone Sealants for ProtectiveGlazing Systems2.2 The tables in
12、cluded in this guide are based on thereference version (year) outlined below. The references maynot represent the most recent version of these standards basedon publication dates and update intervals of these externalreferences. Updates to these standards may have been pub-lished at intervals incons
13、istent with updates to this standard.Evaluation of accurate properties and data for the materials andthe locale of the project are recommended.1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C24 on Building Sealsand Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.10 onSpecificat
14、ions, Guides and Practices.Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published August 2016. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C1472 10. DOI:10.1520/C1472-16.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.3For reference
15、d ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Cons
16、hohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.3 American Concrete Institute (ACI), American Society ofCivil Engineers (ASCE), and The Masonry Society (TMS):4Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures (ACI530-02/ASCE 5-02/TMS 401-02) Reported by the Ma-sonry Standards Joint Committee (MSJC)2.4 Pres
17、tressed Concrete Institute (PCI):5Manual for Quality Control for Plants and Production ofArchitectural Precast Concrete Products, MNL-177-772.5 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE):6Chapter 27, Climatic Design Information, Tables 1A, 1B,2A, 2B, 3A,
18、 3B,ASHRAE 2002 Fundamentals Handbook2.6 Brick Industry Association (BIA):7Volume Changes, and Effects of Movement, Part I, Techni-cal Notes on Brick Construction, No. 18, Reissued Sept.20002.7 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.(IEEE) and ASTM:3IEEE/ASTM SI 10-2002 Standard for
19、Use of the Interna-tional System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Refer toTerminology C717 for definitions of the termsused in this guide.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 coeffcient of linear thermal movementan increase ordecrease in
20、unit length per unit change in material temperatureof a material or assembly of materials.3.2.2 coeffcient of solar absorptiona factor describing thecapability of a material or assembly of materials to absorb apercentage of incident solar radiation.3.2.3 heat capacity constanta factor describing the
21、 capa-bility of a material or assembly of materials to store heatgenerated by absorbed solar radiation.3.3 Symbols: = Coefficient of linear thermal movementB= Coefficient of linear thermal movement for brickX= Coefficient of linear thermal movement for a particu-lar materialA = Coefficient of solar
22、absorptionAB= Coefficient of solar absorption for brickAX= Coefficient of solar absorption for a particular mate-rialB = Sealant backing lengthC = CompressionCB= Construction tolerance for brick masonryCX= Construction tolerance for a particular material orsystemE = ExtensionEL= Longitudinal extensi
23、onET= Transverse extensionEX= Longitudinal or transverse movement for a particularconditionH = Heat capacity constantHX= Heat capacity constant for a particular materialI = Moisture-induced irreversible growthL = Unrestrained length or sealant joint spacingLB= Dimensional change due to brick thermal
24、 movementLC= Dimensional change due to compressionLE= Dimensional change due to extensionLI= Dimensional change due to irreversible moisturemovementLL= Dimensional change due to longitudinal extensionLP= Dimensional change due to precast concrete thermalmovementLR= Dimensional change due to reversib
25、le moisturemovementLT= Dimensional change due to transverse extensionLX= Dimensional change for a particular conditionR = Moisture induced reversible growthS = Sealant movement capacityTA= Hottest summer air temperatureTIS= Maximum summer installation wall surface tempera-tureTIW= Minimum winter ins
26、tallation wall surface tempera-tureTS= Hottest summer wall surface temperatureTW= Coldest winter wall surface temperatureTM= Maximum expected temperature differenceTS= Summer installation temperature differenceTW= Winter installation temperature differenceTX= Temperature difference for a particular
27、conditionW = Final designed sealant joint widthWM= Sealant joint width required for movementWR= Sealant joint width at rest prior to movement4. Significance and Use4.1 Design professionals, for aesthetic reasons, have desiredto limit the spacing and width of sealant joints on exterior wallsand other
28、 locations of new buildings. Analysis of the perfor-mance factors and especially tolerances that affect a sealantjoint is necessary to determine if a joint will have durabilityand be effective in maintaining a seal against the passage of airand water and not experience premature deterioration. Ifper
29、formance factors and tolerances are not understood andincluded in the design of a sealant joint, then the sealant mayreach its durability limit and failure is a distinct possibility.4.2 Sealant joint failure can result in increased buildingenergy usage due to air infiltration or exfiltration, wateri
30、nfiltration, and deterioration of building systems and materi-als. Infiltrating water can cause spalling of porous and friablebuilding materials such as concrete, brick, and stone; corrosionof ferrous metals; and decomposition of organic materials,among other effects. Personal injury can result from
31、 a fallincurred due to a wetted interior surface as a result of a failed4Available fromAmerican Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333,American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801Alexander BellDr., Reston, VA 20191 and The Masonry Society, 3970 Broadway, Suite 201-D,B
32、oulder, CO 80304-1135.5Available from the Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI), 209 W. Jackson Blvd.#500, Chicago, IL 60606.6Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA30329.7Available from Brick Indust
33、ry Association (BIA), formerly Brick Institute ofAmerica, 11490 Commerce Park Dr., Reston, VA 20191-1525.C1472 162sealant joint. Building indoor air quality can be affected due toorganic growth in concealed and damp areas. Deterioration isoften difficult and very costly to repair, with the cost of r
34、epairwork usually greatly exceeding the original cost of the sealantjoint work.4.3 This guide is applicable to sealants with an establishedmovement capacity, in particular elastomeric sealants that meetSpecification C920 with a minimum movement capacity ratingof 6 1212 percent. In general, a sealant
35、 with less than 6 1212percent movement capacity can be used with the joint widthsizing calculations; however, the width of a joint using such asealant will generally become too large to be practicallyconsidered and installed. It is also applicable to precuredsealant extrusions with an established mo
36、vement capacity thatmeets Specification C1518.4.4 The intent of this guide is to describe some of theperformance factors and tolerances that are normally consid-ered in sealant joint design. Equations and sample calculationsare provided to assist the user of this guide in determining therequired wid
37、th and depth for single and multi-component,liquid-applied sealants when installed in properly preparedjoint openings. The user of this guide should be aware that thesingle largest factor contributing to non-performance of sealantjoints that have been designed for movement is poor workman-ship. This
38、 results in improper installation of sealant and sealantjoint components. The success of the methodology describedby this guide is predicted on achieving adequate workmanship.4.5 Joints for new construction can be designed by therecommendations in this guide as well as joints that havereached the en
39、d of their service life and need routine mainte-nance or joints that require remedial work for a failure toperform. Guide C1193 should also be consulted when design-ing sealant joints. Failure to install a sealant and its compo-nents following its guidelines can and frequently will result infailure
40、of a joint design.4.6 Peer reviewed papers, published in various ASTMSpecial Technical Publications (STP), provide additional infor-mation and examples of sealant joint width calculations thatexpand on the information described in this guide (2-5). Forcases in which the state of the art is such that
41、 criteria for aparticular condition is not firmly established or there arenumerous variables that require consideration, a referencesection is provided for further consideration.4.7 To assist the user of this guide in locating specificinformation, a detailed listing of guide numbered sections andthe
42、ir headings is included in Appendix X1.5. Performance Factors5.1 GeneralProper sealant joint design can not be ad-equately performed without a knowledge and understanding offactors that can affect sealant performance. The followingdescribes most of the commonly encountered performancefactors that ar
43、e known to influence sealant joint design. Theseperformance factors can act individually or, as is mostly thecase, in various combinations depending on the characteristicsof a particular joint design.5.2 Material and System AnchorageThe type and locationof various wall anchors has an impact on the p
44、erformance of asealant joint (6). Large precast concrete panels with fixed andmoving anchors, brick masonry support system deflectionbetween supports (3), and metal and glass curtain wall fixedand moving anchorages are examples of anchorage conditionsthat must be considered and evaluated when design
45、ing sealantjoints for movement. Anchor types and their locations have aneffect on determining the effective length of wall material orsupport system deflection characteristics that need to beincluded when designing for sealant joint width.5.3 Thermal MovementWalls of buildings respond toambient temp
46、erature change, solar radiation, black-bodyradiation, wetting and drying effects from precipitation, andvarying cloud cover by either increasing or decreasing involume and therefore in linear dimension. The dimensionalchange of wall materials causes a change in the width of asealant joint opening, p
47、roducing a movement in an installedsealant. Thermal movement is the predominate effect causingdimensional change.5.3.1 Depending on when a sealant is installed, thermalmovement may need to be evaluated at different stages in abuildings life; for example, expected temperature differentialsmay need to
48、 be considered for the building when it is: 1) underconstruction, 2) unoccupied and unconditioned, and 3) occu-pied and conditioned. Each of these stages will have differentinterior environmental conditions, and depending on the build-ing enclosure material or system being analyzed for movement,one
49、of those stages may produce the maximum expectedthermal movement. The required joint opening width, depend-ing on construction procedures and material or wall systemtypes, could be established during one of those stages.5.3.2 Determining realistic material or wall surface tem-peratures to establish the expected degree of thermal move-ment can be challenging. The ASHRAE FundamentalsHandbook, Chapter 14Appendix Climatic Design Information,lists winter and summer design dry bulb air temperatures formany cities. These listed values can be used to assist incalc
