1、Designation: C1564 04 (Reapproved 2009)C1564 15Standard Guide forUse of Silicone Sealants for Protective Glazing Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1564; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the use of silicone sealants in protective glazing systems for building construction. Prote
3、ctive glazingincludes systems designed for use in applications subject to natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, windstorms andforms of forced entry such as blasts, burglary, and ballistic attack.1.2 While other glazing accessories and components are used in protective glazing, this docu
4、ment specifically describes the useof silicone sealants for protective glazing systems.1.3 This guide provides information useful to design professionals, architects, manufacturers, installers, and others for thedesign and installation of silicone sealants for protective glazing systems.1.4 Asilicon
5、e sealant is only one component of a glazing system.Aglazing system that meets the testing and code requirementfor impact glazing must successfully integrate the frame and its anchorage, glass, or other glazing materials, protective film orinterlayer and silicone sealant into a high performance syst
6、em. Compliance with code or other requirements can be determinedthrough physical testing of the glazing system or through computer simulation.1.5 Glazing systems using silicone sealants that have successfully met the test requirements for missile impact and bomb blasttest requirements incorporate th
7、e use of silicone sealants specifically formulated, tested, and marketed for this application. Sealantsthat are commonly used today comply with Specifications C920 and C1184.1.6 This guide does not discuss sealants intended to protect against radioactivity or provide biological containment.1.7 The c
8、ommittee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by otherorganizations.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropri
9、ate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatoryrequirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C717 Terminology of Building Seals and SealantsC719 Test Method for Adhesion and Cohesion of Elastomeric Joint Sealants Under Cyclic Movement (Hockman Cyc
10、le)C794 Test Method for Adhesion-in-Peel of Elastomeric Joint SealantsC920 Specification for Elastomeric Joint SealantsC1087 Test Method for Determining Compatibility of Liquid-Applied Sealants with Accessories Used in Structural GlazingSystemsC1135 Test Method for Determining Tensile Adhesion Prope
11、rties of Structural SealantsC1184 Specification for Structural Silicone SealantsC1193 Guide for Use of Joint SealantsC1394 Guide for In-Situ Structural Silicone Glazing EvaluationC1401 Guide for Structural Sealant GlazingC1472 Guide for Calculating Movement and Other Effects When Establishing Sealan
12、t Joint Width1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C24 on Building Seals and Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.10 on Specifications,Guides and Practices.Current edition approved June 1, 2009Dec. 1, 2015. Published June 2009January 2016. Originally appro
13、ved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 asC1564 04.C1564 04(2009). DOI: 10.1520/C1564-04R09.10.1520/C1564-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, r
14、efer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all
15、changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959
16、. United States1D624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE1886 Test Method for Performance of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, Doors, and Impact Protective Systems Impacted byMissile(s) and Exposed to C
17、yclic Pressure DifferentialsF1642 Test Method for Glazing and Glazing Systems Subject to Airblast Loadings2.2 GSA Standard:US General Services Administration (GSA) Standard Test Method for Glazing and Window Systems Subject to DynamicOverpressure Loading33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Termino
18、logies C717 and E631 for definitions of terms used in this guide.4. Significance and Use4.1 Guidelines are provided for the use of silicone sealants in protective glazing. Protective glazing incorporates various formsof glazing that are not covered in Guides C1401 and C1193. The requirements for a s
19、ealant in protective glazing are similar to therequirements for structural sealant glazing but for certain applications such as missile impact and bomb blast glazing, sealantrequirements may be greater. Modes of failure for bomb blast glazing can be different than the modes of failure for missile im
20、pactglazing.4.2 Many types of protective glazing systems are relatively new and the test methods and standards for protective glazing arecontinually evolving. Because the demands on a sealant in protective glazing systems are changing, guidelines are necessarilygeneral in many instances.4.3 As a com
21、ponent of a glazing system, the sealant can be a factor in whether a glazing system meets the requirements of aspecific test method but other factors such as the frame and glass type may be of greater influence.4.4 The designer of a protective glazing system should consult with the various manufactu
22、rers of the component materials. Theexperience and judgment of the glazing system designer working with the sealant manufacturer and other componentmanufacturers can ultimately determine whether a specific glazing system will successfully meet a specific test requirement.5. Introduction5.1 Protectiv
23、e glazing systems are designed for the protection of the building occupants and general public from various naturaland man-made occurrences that could cause injury or damage. Natural disasters include hurricanes, earthquakes, and windstorms,which with their high winds and wind-driven rain can cause
24、failure to joint sealants.Additionally, flying debris resulting from highwinds can cause damage to the glazing system. Test methods such as Test Method E1886 simulate the effect of flying debris duringa windstorm. Man-made occurrences include bomb blast, ballistic attack, burglary, and vandalism. Te
25、st methods such as TestMethod E1886 and GSA Standard Test Method for Glazing and Window Systems Subject to Dynamic Overpressure Loadingprovide procedures for the testing of glazing systems subject to bomb blast. Computer software programs such as WINGARD orWINLAC may be used to evaluate the effects
26、of a bomb blast on a glazing system.5.2 A sealant can play a crucial role in retaining the glazing material in the opening and thus preserving the integrity of thebuilding envelope. If the building envelope is lost due to failure of the glazing system, the building can become pressurizedresulting in
27、 significant damage to the structure, its contents and its occupants. The type of framing system, glazing material(s), andsealant are major components of a glazing system that must meet demanding test requirements and that considered separately mayor may not have a significant impact on system perfo
28、rmance.6. Sealant Considerations6.1 Depending on the specific requirement of the protective glazing system, the properties of the sealant can perform asignificant role in the overall performance of the system. Important properties to consider when selecting a sealant for any glazingsystem include th
29、e following:6.1.1 AdhesionSealant adhesion should be confirmed as acceptable to the components of the glazing system including glass,glass coatings, metal, wood, plastic, film laminate, or other material to which adhesion is required. Adhesion can be determinedusing Test Methods C794 or C1135. The a
30、dhesion requirements specified in Specification C1184 should be considered as theminimum requirement for most missile impact and bomb blast glazing systems. Guide C1193 includes a discussion on adhesionand testing that may be helpful.6.1.2 CompatibilitySealant compatibility with each of the glazing
31、components should be verified. Components include PVB,ionomer, polycarbonate or a similar interlayer of laminated glass, insulating glass unit edge sealants, glazing and other gasket and3 U.S. General Services Administration (GSA), 1800 F Street, NW Washington, DC 20405C1564 152spacer materials, and
32、 metal framing materials and factory applied coatings. Compatibility with gasket or other accessory materialsis determined using Test Method C1087. Guide C1193 includes a discussion on compatibility and testing that may be helpful.6.1.3 Strength and ModulusSealant strength and modulus are very impor
33、tant factors in determining whether a glazing systemwill pass a specific protective glazing requirement. A sealant with an ultimate tensile strength that is too low may not be able tosupport the glazing through a specific missile impact or bomb blast test requirement. As a guide, the strength and mo
34、dulusrequirements identified in Specification C1184 should be followed. For some applications, such as encountered in certain bombblast test requirements, these strength and modulus requirements may not be high enough and a higher strength structural siliconewill be required. Since certain high modu
35、lus sealants have lower movement capability, considerations should be made to ensurethat annual movement on the sealant joint does not exceed the movement capability of the sealant.6.1.4 Tear Characteristics and FatigueAlong with strength and modulus, the ability of a sealant to withstand the cyclic
36、loading of certain protective glazing test methods is important. Tear strength as determined by Test Method D624 can be usefulin determining whether a sealant can withstand the impulse load of a blast test or the cyclic loading of a missile impact test. Theability of a sealant to withstand the fatig
37、ue associated with cyclic loading is an important consideration that may deem a sealantappropriate for missile impact applications.6.1.5 DurabilitySealant durability is important in protective glazing. A sealant used in protective glazing is subject to a broadrange of environmental factors including
38、: Temperature cycling, solar radiation exposure, moisture from the environment orcondensation, ozone, and airborne pollutants. These factors can cause premature failure of certain sealant types. Guide C1193includes a discussion on sealant durability and testing.6.1.6 Movement CapabilityThe movement
39、capability of a sealant is important if the sealant also serves as a weatherseal ina protective glazing system. Consideration of a sealants movement capability is important for a glazing system to remainwatertight and function as intended. Environmental thermal cycling and other framing system movem
40、ents may impact the abilityof a sealant to perform as a weatherseal. Sealant joint design is important in determining if a sealant can perform as for aweatherseal. Test Method C719 should be used to determine movement capability of a sealant. Guides C1193 and C1472 shouldbe used to determine proper
41、sealant joint design.7. Design Considerations7.1 Currently there are no industry-accepted standards for the design of sealant joints in protective glazing systems. Theconsiderations discussed below are based on findings from actual tests of protective glazing systems according to Test MethodsE1886,
42、F1642, and GSA Standard Test Method for Glazing and Glazing Systems Subject to Airblast Loadings. Unlike structuralglazing where joint dimensions can be calculated and precisely determined, this capability does not exist for the design of jointsin protective glazing systems. Variables such as glass
43、type and dimension, laminate type, framing system, anchoring, applied loads,and other factors will all have an impact on the performance of the sealant joint in a protective glazing system.7.2 Applied LoadsProtective glazing that is designed to resist bomb blast criteria must also be designed to res
44、ist other lateralloads such as those required by the local building code, which usually include lateral wind loads and seismic events. For example,sometimes the design requirements for protective glazing to resist a bomb blast can differ from those for an applied lateral loadfrom the local wind envi
45、ronment. Glass or a glass composite product with the necessary strength and deflection characteristics fora protective glazing system, when designed for bomb blast resistance, may not have the necessary strength and deflectioncharacteristics to resist a building code or laboratory test determined wi
46、nd load. The designer of a protective glazing system mayhave to consider both bomb blast and wind load requirements. Doing so may change the design requirements for at least the glazingproduct, glazing sealant joint, glazed opening metal framing, and framing anchorage requirements from those solely
47、required forresisting a bomb blast.7.3 Joint Sizing and DimensionsAs important as the selection of sealant is the geometry of the sealant joint in the glazingsystem. In a protective glazing system, the sealant joint may be either structural or non-structural. For a structural joint, theapplicable re
48、quirements of Specification C1184 and Guide C1401 should be considered. For a non-structural application, thesealant does not act to structurally support the glazing under the influence of a wind-load but would be expected to retain theglazing in the framing system during the testing or during an ac
49、tual event. In this respect, the sealant does act in a manner similarto a structural sealant and the properties of the sealant and design of the sealant joint are important. Bite and thickness are twoterms used to describe the dimensions of a structural joint (see Guide C1401). These terms also apply when describing anon-structural glazing system. The joint design must be sufficient to allow the joint surfaces to be properly cleaned and allowadequate sealant application into the joint opening. See 8.3 for a discussion of sealant curing considerations.7.3.1 Structural S
