1、Designation: C 167 98 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Test Methods forThickness and Density of Blanket or Batt ThermalInsulations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 167; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover
3、 the determination of thicknessand density of flexible, felted, or woven thermal insulatingblankets, rolls, or batts composed of fibrous materials, with orwithout surface covering or reinforcement.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its us
4、e. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation23. Terminology3.1 Definitio
5、nsTerminology C 168 shall be considered asapplicable to the terms used in these test methods.4. Significance and Use4.1 Proper measurements of thickness and density of blan-ket or batt insulations are essential for determining thermalinsulation properties. For a particular batt or blanket product,th
6、ickness and density are usually directly related to thermalinsulating value.4.2 These test methods are of significant value in manufac-turing quality control, to ensure that claimed insulation valuesof products are maintained.5. Apparatus5.1 Depth Gage, of the type shown in Fig. 1. The disk shallbe
7、fabricated of a suitable clear plastic material, so that theoperator can see when contact is made with the insulation. Thedisk shall be perpendicular to the pin at all times and shall havea friction device to grip the pin unless purposely moved. Thepin shall be of sufficient length for the material
8、to be measured.5.2 Steel rule, graduated in 0.05-in. or 1-mm intervals.5.3 Scales, of sufficient capacity and sensitivity to weigh thetest specimen to an accuracy of 60.5 %.6. Sampling6.1 A test sample shall consist of one representative roll orbundle of insulation.6.2 Sampling of BundlesFor bundles
9、 which contain 20or more batts, five batts shall be selected. Otherwise, either thethree-batt or five-batt selection technique may be used. Battswhich are folded in half shall count as two batts for purposesof choosing and employing the selection method.6.2.1 Three-Batt MethodSelect the center batt
10、and thesecond batt in from each end of the package.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulation and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.32 onMechanical Properties.Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originallyapprov
11、ed in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as C 167 98.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.FIG. 1 Depth Gage for Thickness Measurements1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.2.2 Five-Batt MethodDivide the pac
12、kage sequentiallyinto five groups of batts as equal in number as possible. Selectthe first batt from each group. Be careful to select one and onlyone batt from the two end batts within the package.6.2.3 Cut batts which are longer than 48 in. to 48 6 0.25 in.(122 6 0.63 cm) in length.6.3 Sampling of
13、Cut RollsFive batts will be cut ofroll-width by 48 6 0.25 in. (122 6 0.63 cm) in length.6.3.1 Cut one batt from the center of the roll, two batts fromthe ends of the roll, and the fourth and fifth from the quarterpoints along the length.6.3.2 For blankets wider than 24 in., cut each of the fivebatts
14、 24 6 0.25 in. (61 6 0.63 cm) wide by 48 6 0.25 in. (1226 0.63 cm) long.6.4 Sampling for Full Roll MethodThis method can beused in place of 6.3 when the roll is wider than 24 in. (61 cm)or longer than 50 ft (16.4 m). Prior to unrolling the material,weigh the entire roll to the nearest 0.25 pound (0.
15、11 kg). Twomethods may be used to obtain the full roll weight. The firstmethod removes the insulation product from the packagingprior to weighing. The material will expand and may unrollslightly, care must be taken to ensure that the full roll isweighed accurately. The second method weighs the packa
16、gedinsulation product, then weighs the packaging material only.The packaging material weight is subtracted from packagedproduct weight to obtain net material weight.7. Procedure7.1 Expansion of Bundles and Cut RollHold the first battvertically off the floor by grasping it with both hands on itslong
17、dimension so that the lower edge is 18 6 1 in. (460 6 25mm) above the floor. Release the batt, allowing it to strike thefloor. Repeat the above for a second time. Next, holding thebatt by the other long edge, drop twice as above. Place thespecimen on a flat, hard surface. Repeat the above for therem
18、aining four specimens. Allow specimens to reach equilib-rium by waiting at least 5 min before making thicknessmeasurements within 1 in. (25 mm) in any direction of fivepoints as indicated in Fig. 2.NOTE 1If 23-in. (580-mm) wide samples are tested, use a quarter orhalf of that dimension to establish
19、the test points.NOTE 2Some materials may require4hormore to reach equilibrium.7.2 Expansion of Full RollUnroll the insulation. Flip thetest roll over its entire length so the bottom surface is now ontop. Next grasp one end and pull the material over itself untilthe original surface is again facing u
20、p. If there is insufficientroom to pull the material over itself (less than twice theunrolled length), the material may be repositioned by slidingthe partially pulled roll to the end of the testing space, andcontinue to pull the material over itself.NOTE 3Use 7.1 if sampling procedure in 6.3 is used
21、.7.3 Measurement of Bundles and Cut RollInsert the pin ofthe thickness gage vertically into the material at the firstmeasuring point with a twisting motion until it contacts thehard surface beneath. Lower the disk until it lightly anduniformly contacts the specimen.An alternative procedure is touse
22、a disk whose mass exerts a specified pressure of at least 0.4lbf/ft2(20 Pa) on the specimen. With the gage disk lockedagainst the pin, lift the gage unit from the test specimen. Whileholding the gage in locked position, place the disk against thezero end of the rule with the pin projecting along the
23、 calibratedsurface of the rule. Observe and record the reading at thepointed end of the pin to the nearest 0.05 in. (1 mm). Repeatthe above for each of the remaining measuring points as shownin Fig. 2.7.4 Measurement of Full RollRecord the roll length to thenearest 1 in. (2.54) cm. Take measurements
24、 on each side of theroll. If the roll has been cut in half, take a third roll lengthmeasurement along the midpoint of the roll width. Record rollwidth at three locations to the nearest 0.125 in. (0.32 cm).Width measurements will be taken 10 ft (3.05 m) from eachend, and in the middle of the roll len
25、gth. Using a pin gauge,record thickness to the nearest 0.05 in. (1 mm) as shown in Fig.FIG. 2 Thickness Measurement LocationsFIG. 3 Thickness Measurement Locations Full RollC 167 98 (2003)23. Refer to Section 7.3 for use of pin gauge. Two 15 ft (4.57 m)long sections shall be measured. These sections
26、 shall be 10(3.05 m) in from each end. A total of twenty thicknessmeasurements will be taken for each roll.NOTE 4Use 7.4 if sampling procedure in 6.4 is used.8. Calculation8.1 ThicknessTake the average of the thickness measure-ments made in accordance with Section 7 as the thickness ofthe specimen.8
27、.2 Area Weight and DensityCalculate the weight per unitarea and the density by one of the following equations:Weight per unit area as received, lb/ft2or kg/m2!5w1/L 3 W!(1)Weight per unit area without facings, lb/ft2or kg/m2!5 w2/L 3 W!Density of insulation without facings!, lb/ft3or kg/m3!5 w2/L 3
28、W 3 T!Density of insulation without facings! at specified thickness, lb/ft3or kg/m3!5 w2!/L 3 W 3 specified thickness!where:w1= total weight of test specimen, lb (orkg),w2= weight of test specimen without fac-ings, lb (or kg),L = length of test specimen, ft (or m),W = width of test specimen, ft (or
29、m),T = thickness of test specimen, convertedfrom in. to ft (or mm to m), andspecified thickness = ordered thickness, ft (or m).9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 The pressure exerted on the test specimens duringthickness measurements, if the gage used is of the type thatexerts a pre
30、ssure,9.1.2 Average, maximum, and minimum of the measuredvalues of thickness of the test specimen, expressed in inches(or millimetres),9.1.3 Weight per unit area as received, expressed in poundsper square foot (or kilograms per square metre),9.1.4 Density of insulation, expressed in pounds per cubic
31、foot (or kilograms per cubic metre), and9.1.5 Age of material when tested, if known, and descrip-tion of package (roll, bag, etc.).10. Precision and Bias310.1 The precision and bias of these test methods depend onthe ability to read and interpolate the steel rule and balance andto judge when surface
32、 contact occurs between the depth gagedisk and the test specimen.10.2 Thickness of BundlesAn interlaboratory comparisonof six participating laboratories was conducted in 1991 onfibrous glass insulation. This test program used four commonbatt insulations and tested all batts within each package. Awit
33、hin-laboratory repeatability for thickness measurements of7 % was obtained, which also includes product and packagingvariability. Individual batt measurements were initially ex-pressed as percentages of the average measurement of therespective package average. These percentages were thennormalized t
34、o the average thickness versus piece locationdistribution for the respective product as measured by the sixlaboratories. Twice the sample standard deviation of thesevalues yielded the repeatability. The 95 % repeatability limit,2.8 (sr), was 9 %.10.3 The interlaboratory comparison noted in 10.2 yiel
35、dedvalues for bias of the batt sampling techniques specified in 6.2of not greater than 1 % for any of the products tested. Bias wasmeasured in terms of the percent deviation of the averagethickness of the sampled batts from the package average.10.4 Imprecision of the batt sampling techniques was det
36、er-mined to be 2.4 % for the five-batt method and 3.6 % for thethree-batt method.NOTE 5Imprecision in this subsection refers to twice the samplestandard deviation of the thicknesses predicted by the sampling techniqueexpressed as a percentage of the average measured thickness of all battswithin the
37、package.10.5 Thickness of Cut RollAn interlaboratory study of thecut roll sampling technique was run in 1995 on fibrous glassinsulation. Five laboratories each tested three samples of twomaterial thicknesses. The materials included an R-11 roll, 32in. (9.75 m) long by 15 in. (38.1 cm) wide, and an R
38、-19 roll,39 ft (11.89 m) long by 15 in. (38.1 cm) wide. These materialsrepresent the range of product packaged as rolls. The analyzeddata consisted of a package average thickness, calculated from25 sampling points per package, five locations each from fivebatts per each roll.10.5.1 Precision Results
39、:R-11 R-1995 % repeatability limit (within laboratory) 25.9 % 6.7 %95 % reproducibility limit (between laboratories) 38.7 % 11.4 %10.5.2 BiasThere is not an accepted reference valueavailable, and thickness bias cannot be determined.10.6 Density of Cut RollData from the interlaboratorystudy of the cu
40、t roll sampling technique was used to investigatethe precision and bias of density calculations. Density isdefined as the mass per unit volume, and is dependent uponboth the process of weighing the sample and measuring its sizein three dimensions.10.6.1 Precision Results:R-11 R-1995 % repeatability
41、limit (within laboratory) 7.8 % 17.9 %95 % reproducibility limit (between laboratories) 14.7 % 40.8 %10.6.2 BiasThere is not an accepted reference valueavailable, and density bias cannot be determined.10.7 Thickness of Full RollAn interlaboratory study of thefull roll sampling technique was also run
42、 in 1995 on fibrousglass insulation. Four laboratories each tested three samples of3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: C16 1016.C 167 98 (2003)3two material thicknesses. The materials included an R-10 roll,100 ft (3
43、0.48 m) long by 72 in. (182.88 cm) wide, and an R-19roll, 50 ft (15.24 m) long by 60 in. (152.4 cm) wide. Thesematerials represent the range of product packaged as widerrolls. The analyzed data consisted of a package averagethickness, calculated from 20 sampling points per package, tenlocations each
44、 from two 15 ft (4.57 m) wide areas located 10ft (3.05 m) from each package end.10.7.1 Precision Results:R-10 R-1995 % repeatability limit (within laboratory) 6.2 % 5.9 %95 % reproducibility limit (between laboratories) 13.3 % 7.3 %10.7.2 BiasThere is not an accepted reference valueavailable, and th
45、ickness bias cannot be determined. The inter-laboratory study revealed a thickness deviation from cut rollinsulation. The deviations are:R-10 0.152 in. (-3.86 mm)R-19 0.254 in. (-6.45 mm)10.8 Density of Full RollData from the interlaboratorystudy of the full roll sampling technique was used to inves
46、ti-gate the precision and bias of density calculations. Density isdefined as the mass per unit volume, and is dependent uponboth the process of weighing the sample and measuring its sizein three dimensions.10.8.1 Precision Results:R-10 R-1995 % repeatability limit (within laboratory) 8.7 % 6.5 %95 %
47、 reproducibility limit (between laboratories) 13.3 % 7.2 %10.8.2 BiasThere is not an accepted reference valueavailable, and density bias cannot be determined.10.9 The precision and bias for materials other than fibrousglass have not been determined.11. Keywords11.1 density-thermal insulating materia
48、ls; thermal insulat-ing materialsbatt; thermal insulating materialsblanket;thicknessthermal insulating materialsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advis
49、ed that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresp
