1、Designation: C170/C170M 15aStandard Test Method forCompressive Strength of Dimension Stone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C170/C170M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the sampling, preparatio
3、n ofspecimens, and determination of the compressive strength ofdimension stone.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the
4、 other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health pract
5、ices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C39 Test Method for Compressive Strength of CylindricalConcrete SpecimensC119 Terminology Relating to Dimension StoneC1799 Guide to Dimension Stone Test Specimen Samplingand Prepar
6、ationD4543 Practices for Preparing Rock Core as Cylindrical TestSpecimens and Verifying Conformance to Dimensionaland Shape TolerancesD7012 Test Methods for Compressive Strength and ElasticModuli of Intact Rock Core Specimens under VaryingStates of Stress and TemperaturesE4 Practices for Force Verif
7、ication of Testing Machines3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsAll definitions are in accordance with Ter-minology C119.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences incompressive strength between the various dimension stones.This test method also provides one element
8、in comparingstones of the same type.5. Apparatus5.1 The testing machine used shall conform to the require-ments of Test Method C39, Section 5, including the calibrationrequirements of Practices E4.5.2 The testing machine used shall be capable of applyingthe required load at a uniform rate as prescri
9、bed in Section 9and applying load in a steady manner as to avoid sudden orrapid load changes.5.3 The spherical bearing block of the testing machine shallbe suspended from the upper head so that the contact plateremains in a central position (spherical surfaces in full contact)when not loaded. The sp
10、herical surfaces shall be welllubricated, and the center of curvature shall be aligned withinthe surface of contact with the specimen.5.4 Fig. 1 illustrates the correct alignment of a specimen andthe typical components of a testing machine conforming tothese requirements.6. Sampling6.1 The sample sh
11、all be selected to represent a true averageof the type or grade of stone under consideration and shall beof the quality supplied to the market in finished form under thetype designation to be tested. The sample may be selected bythe purchaser or his authorized representative from quarriedstone or ta
12、ken from the natural ledge and shall be of adequatesize to permit the preparation of the desired number of testspecimens. When perceptible variations occur, the purchasermay select as many samples as are necessary for determiningthe variation in compressive strength.NOTE 1Refer to Guide C1799 for ad
13、ditional information on selecting,preparing, and conditioning test specimens.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 onDimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on TestMethods.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2015. Published August 2015. Origin
14、allyapproved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C170/C170M15.DOI: 10.1520/C0170_C0170M-15A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stand
15、ards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17. Test Specimens7.1 The test specimens may be cubes or right cylinders andshall be cut from the sample with saws or core drills. Thediamete
16、r or lateral dimension (distance between oppositevertical surfaces) shall be not less than 2 in. 50 mmdimensional to accommodate variations in the grain size orcomposition of the sample (Explanatory Note 1).7.2 The ratio of height (the distance between the surfaces incontact with the testing apparat
17、us) to the diameter or lateraldimension shall be between 0.9:1.0 and 1.1:1.0 (ExplanatoryNote 2).7.3 The sides of the specimen shall be smooth and straightto within 0.02 in. 0.5 mm over the full height of the specimen.7.4 The two load bearing surfaces in contact with the testingapparatus shall have
18、a fine abrasive finish, and the othersurfaces shall have a fine sawn finish. They shall be finished bygrinding to as nearly true and parallel planes as practicable(Explanatory Note 3). The surfaces in contact with the testingapparatus shall be ground or lapped to a flatness tolerance ofplus or minus
19、 0.005 in. 0.1 mm, and shall not depart fromperpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the specimen by morethan 0.25 deg. (Explanatory Note 4).7.5 At least five specimens shall be prepared for each testcondition. Final test conditions are determined by the projectconditions and specified with the tes
20、ting request. Typically,testing includes wet and dry conditions both perpendicular andparallel to the stone rift (plane of easiest splitting, typicallyconsistent with the bedding plane orientation), requiring aminimum of 20 specimens. Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b illustrate theproper placement of test specim
21、ens within a testing apparatusfor the two most common rift orientations.7.6 The load-bearing surfaces and the direction of rift shallbe marked on each specimen.7.7 Use of capping materials or end surfacing treatmentsother than grinding shall not be permitted.8. Conditioning8.1 Before testing the spe
22、cimens in a dry condition, drythem for 48 h at 140 6 4F 60 6 2C. At the 46th, 47th, and48th h, weigh the specimens to ensure that the weight is thesame. If the weight continues to drop, continue to dry thespecimens until there are 3 successive hourly readings with thesame weight. After removing the
23、specimens from the oven,cool them to room temperature in a desiccator before testingthem.8.2 Before testing the specimens in a wet condition, im-merse them in water for 48 h at 72 6 4F 22 6 2C. Testthem immediately upon removal from the bath, wiping thespecimens free of surface water.9. Procedure9.1
24、 The load-bearing area of each specimen shall be calcu-lated from measurements taken midway between the surfacesin contact with the testing apparatus and calculated to thenearest 0.1 in.260 mm2. An alternate approach for determin-ing the load-bearing area is to calculate the areas of the top andbott
25、om bearing surfaces to the nearest 0.1 in.260 mm2 andaverage these values.9.2 Center the specimens in the testing machine and applyan initial seating load that will hold the specimen in place butstill permit hand adjustment of the contact plate on thespecimen. Rotate the contact plate back and forth
26、 through anangle of approximately 30 deg. to properly seat the sphericalblock, but do not move the specimen out of the central position.9.3 Apply load at a uniform rate not exceeding 100 psi/s0.5 MPa/s.9.4 Apply the load until specimen failure. Failure of thespecimen is defined as the inability of t
27、he specimen to resistadditional load.FIG. 1 Diagram of a Specimen Properly Aligned within a TestingApparatus Suitable for Compressive Strength Testing(a) Loading Perpendicular to Bedding Plane or Rift (b) Loading Parallel to Bedding Plane or RiftFIG. 2 Orientation of Specimen in a Testing Apparatus
28、with Respect to Bedding Plane or RiftC170/C170M 15a29.5 Record the load at failure to the nearest 100 lb 500 N.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the compressive strength of each specimenas follows:C 5 W/A (1)where:C = compressive strength of the specimen, psi MPaW = total load, lbf N, on the specimen at
29、 failure, andA = calculated area of the bearing surface in in.2mm2.Round each individual result to the nearest 100 psi 1 MPa.11. Report11.1 The report shall include the following:11.1.1 Date,11.1.2 Testing agency,11.1.3 Personnel responsible for the test results,11.1.4 Description of the testing equ
30、ipment or apparatusused,11.1.5 Identification of the samples, including name andlocation of the quarry, name or position of the ledge, date whensample was taken and trade name or grade of stone,11.1.6 Stone type,11.1.7 Specimen dimensions,11.1.8 Stone specimen orientations tested,11.1.9 Conditioning
31、 procedures used,11.1.10 Individual test results for each specimen,11.1.11 Average value of the test results for each testcondition (wet, dry, perpendicular to rift, parallel to rift, etc.)using the following equation:Cav5sum of individual test results for each test condition! (2)number of tests for
32、 each test condition!11.1.12 Standard deviation(s) of the test results for each testcondition using the following relation:S 5 sum of test result 2 Cav!2 (3)number of test 2 1!#1211.1.13 Statements describing deviations from the above-described testing procedures, as well as any variance from thetes
33、t specimen dimensional and preparatory requirements.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Individual variations in a natural product may result indeviation from accepted values. A precision section will beadded when sufficient data are available to indicate acceptabletolerances in repeatability and reproducibi
34、lity.13. Keywords13.1 compressive strength; dimension stone; stone; testEXPLANATORY NOTESNOTE 1For very coarse-grain materials like some of the granites, thediameter of the specimen should not be less than 2.5 in. 65 mm.NOTE 2The compressive strength of dimension stone has historicallybeen determine
35、d on cube specimens with a height to lateral dimensionproportion 1:1. This specimen shape differs from the standard shapespecimens for determination of compressive strength of rock specimensrequired by Test Method D7012. Variation from the required cubespecimen, dimensions, and height of lateral dim
36、ension proportions of 1:1has been found to result in significant variations in compressive strengthvalues. Comparison with compressive strength of rock specimens deter-mined by Test Method D7012 requires the use of correction factors. Forconsistency with historical compressive strength values determ
37、ined byC170/C170M and industry practices, this standard does not allow fordeviation from the required specimen shape and dimensions.NOTE 3Accuracy of test results depends largely on uniform distribu-tion of the load over the bearing faces. In order to grind the surfaces toreasonably true planes, con
38、siderable care is necessary. the followingprocedure is suggested: Assuming that the specimen is a cube or cylinderand the load is to be applied to the ends; mark two adjacent sides forreference, then grind the ends on a grinding wheel or lap until they areperpendicular to these reference sides as ga
39、ged by a machinist square.Complete the grinding by rubbing the ends on a smooth machine-planedsurface of a cast iron plate with No. 80 emery and water. The specimenshould be grasped as near the surface of the plate as possible to preventrocking of the specimen. A satisfactory mechanical means of fin
40、ishing thebearing surfaces of the specimens is to place them in a chuck in a lathe andsurface the ends with a tool post grinder. This grinder consists of a smallmotor and arbor carrying an abrasive wheel which turns at about 5000r/min. A three-point chuck is used to permit the surfacing of cylindric
41、al,square prism, or cubical specimens. When the square-type specimen isused it will be necessary to place a small piece of notched metal betweenthe specimen and one chuck point. This causes the specimen to be placedsomewhat off-center but does not interfere with the surfacing process. Thesurface can
42、 be tested for flatness by holding a straightedge on the surfaceand viewing it before a strong light. Specimens finished in this waycommonly give considerably higher test results than specimens preparedby hand.NOTE 4Prepared specimens should meet the required tolerances fortesting. Deviation from th
43、ese tolerances can have a measurable impact onthe test results and produce values that under or over-estimate thecompressive strength of the stone. For procedures helpful in verifyingtolerances are being met, refer to Practices D4543.C170/C170M 15a3ASTM International takes no position respecting the
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