1、Designation: C 322 09Standard Practice forSampling Ceramic Whiteware Clays1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthese
2、s indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling bulk andbagged shipments of ceramic whiteware clays.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regar
3、dedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user
4、of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Significance and Use2.1 Since many tests are performed using very smallamounts of powder, it is most important that the test portionsbe obtained in a stan
5、dardized manner. The practices describedhere take into account the possibility of segregation andvariability of the ceramic powder in containers of the varioussizes and numbers, both in dry and slurry forms.3. Sampling3.1 Where a bulk shipment consists of lumps, a number ofsamples shall be taken fro
6、m different parts of the rail car ortruck during unloading, so that the final sample will representan average of all parts of the shipment from top to bottom. Fora 30-ton (27-Mg) unit, no less than 20 samples of approxi-mately 10 lb (4.5 kg) each shall be taken from different parts ofthe rail car or
7、 truck. This may be done by removal duringloading or unloading, at spaced intervals. The lumps shall thenbe broken to pieces no larger than 4 in. (102 mm), in the largestdimension, and the several samples shall be made into acomposite lot, by turning with a shovel on a clean floor. Thecomposite shal
8、l then be quartered or riffled to provide a 10-lblaboratory sample.3.2 Sampling of hopper car or hopper truck shipments is tobe done during unloading of the car or truck.3.3 Where a bulk shipment consists of shredded or coarselyground clay, sampling shall be done at 20 points for a 30-ton(27-Mg) uni
9、t; the samples may be taken with a shovel, or witha grain sampler, if the form of the clay permits. The samples sotaken shall then be mixed thoroughly, and quartered or riffledto form a 10-lb (4.5kg) (or proportionately larger) laboratorysample.3.4 For bagged lots of ground or air-floated clay, the
10、numberof samples taken shall depend on the number of units in ashipment. A grain-sampler or similar sampling instrument shallbe used to take samples which then shall be combined, mixed,and quartered or riffled to obtain a 10-lb (4.5-kg) laboratorysample. Where a shipment consists of 100 bags or less
11、, thenumber of bags sampled at random shall be not less than 5 andpreferably 10. When the number of bags is greater than 100 butless than 500, the number of bags sampled shall not be lessthan 15. For lots of from 500 to 1000 bags, 20 bags shall besampled. For shipments of 1000 to 2000 bags, 30 bags
12、shall besampled at random.3.5 When the clay is shipped in slurry form a representativesample may be obtained by taking a single grab sample fromany portion of the shipment except by skimming the topsurface. If the shipment has been unagitated for a period of twoweeks or more the shipment can be agit
13、ated by inserting an airlance to the bottom of the vessel for a period of ten minutes.One two-liter sample is required.3.6 Preshipment samples of slurries and bulk materials fromthe supplier can be used, replacing the sampling done when theshipment is received.4. Keywords4.1 clay; sampling1This prac
14、tice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on CeramicWhitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC21.04 on Raw Materials.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009. Published January 2009. Originallyapproved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as
15、C 322 03.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C21 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the las
16、t issue (C 32203)that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Addition of 1.2 describing the use of units in this practice.(2) Addition of 1.3, the standard safety caveat.(3) Addition of Section 2, Significance and Use.(4) Deletion of unnecessary section on Precision and Bias.(5) Renumbering of the
17、Sampling section.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of
18、 such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for a
19、dditional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to
20、 the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C322092
