1、Designation: C 325 81 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Test Method forWet Sieve Analysis of Ceramic Whiteware Clays1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 325; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the wet sieve analysis ofceramic whiteware clays. This test method is intended for usein testing
3、 shipments of clay as well as for plant control tests.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility
4、of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 322 Practice for Sampling Ceramic Whiteware ClaysE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes3. Apparatus3.1 Stirring DeviceA mechanical stirrer with a three-bladed propeller 2 in. (51 mm) in diame
5、ter and having a speedof approximately 1700 r/min, or the equivalent, shall beprovided.3.2 SievesThe sieves shall conform to Specification E11and shall include the No. 100 (150-m), No. 140 (106-m), No.200 (75-m) and No. 325 (45-m) sieves (Note 1). The wirecloth for these sieves shall be woven (not t
6、willed) and shall bemounted in circular metal frames 8 in. (203 mm) in diameter,which shall be so constructed as to permit nesting of two ormore sieves. A pan and cover for the sieves shall be provided.NOTE 1Equivalent sieves from other standard series, such as the Tylerseries, may also be used. If
7、results are to be compared with those obtainedwith sieves from the ASTM series, it is important that the openings of thesieves used fall within the tolerances specified in Specification E11for thecorresponding ASTM sieves.4. Sampling4.1 The sample shall be obtained in accordance with Prac-tice C 322
8、.4.2 The sample as received shall be placed in a drying ovenat 100 to 110C for a period of not less than 5 h prior to testing.5. Procedure5.1 Transfer duplicate portions, of approximately 250 g ofthe dried clay sample, weighed to the nearest 0.1 g, tocontainers of at least 2-L capacity. Wet the clay
9、 with 1 L ofwater and allow to slake for 2 h. If a free-flowing slurry is notproduced by this treatment, add another 500 mL of water.5.2 To ensure complete separation of clay from nonplasticimpurities, agitate the slurry by means of a mechanical stirrer(3.1). Continue the stirring between 5 and 10 m
10、in.5.3 Transfer the slaked and stirred sample, without loss, tothe finest sieve to be employed in the test, and wash by meansof a small jet of water from a14-in. (6.4-mm) soft rubber hoseattached to a water supply having a pressure not in excess ofthat of an ordinary city main. The force of the jet
11、may becontrolled by compressing the end of the hose between thethumb and forefinger. Take care to avoid loss of sample fromsplashing. Continue washing until water passing through thesieve shows only traces of sample. Should lumpy materialremain on the screen, return the residue to the stirrer contai
12、nerby careful washing with a gentle jet of water, and agitate inapproximately 1 L of water for 10 min, then wash the slurry aspreviously described.5.4 Wash the residue remaining on the finest sieve into thepan. Thoroughly wet the remaining sieves to be used in the testwith clear water, and nest them
13、 in the proper sequence on thefinest sieve. Wash the residue in the pan quantitatively onto thetop sieve, and give the stack a preliminary washing.5.5 Nest the top sieve on the pan, which shall contain about12 in. (12.7 mm) of clear water. Wash the residue by holdingthe pan and sieve firmly in the h
14、ands, and by a sidewisemovement, causing water to splash up through the sieve andinto the residue. This movement, coupled with interspersed1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on CeramicWhitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC21.04
15、 on Raw Materials.Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originallyapproved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as C 325 81(1997)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Bo
16、ok of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.circular motions, allows thorough washing. Wash the residueand water remaining in
17、 the pan onto the top sieve of the stack.5.6 Again fill the pan with the proper amount of water, nestthe top sieve and its residue on the pan, and repeat theoperation. Continue this until the finest sieve has been washed.Carefully blot each sieve on its underside with a soft, dampsponge, and place t
18、he sieve either in a drying oven at 100 to110C or under infrared lamps until thoroughly dry. Approxi-mately2hisrequired with a drying oven, but only about 30min with an infrared lamp set 12 in. (305 mm) above the sieve.5.7 Nest the dried residues and sieves in the proper order,with due care to preve
19、nt dusting of the residues. Close the stackof sieves with a dry pan and cover, and tap the assembly lightlyfor 1 min on a table top.5.8 Separate the nested sieves and carefully brush theresidue from each onto a weighing paper. Weigh the residues tothe nearest 0.001 g on an analytical balance.6. Calc
20、ulation and Report6.1 Calculate the sieve analysis for test sample on the dryweight basis, and report the results to the nearest 0.01 % of thematerial retained on each sieve. Report the percentage passingthe finest sieve as the difference between 100 % and the sum ofthe percentages retained on the v
21、arious sieves.7. Precision and Bias7.1 The true value of the particle size can be defined only interms of a test method. Within this limitation, this test methodhas no known bias.8. Keywords8.1 clay; sieve analysis; wet sieveASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent
22、rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at
23、any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments
24、 will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by
25、 ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 325 81 (2007)2
