1、Designation: C361M 12Standard Specification forReinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C361M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe
3、 in-tended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelineswith low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding375 kPa.1.2 This specification is the SI companion to SpecificationC361. It is compatible in technical content.NOTE 1Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are notcov
4、ered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should beincluded in specifications for pipe laying.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A27/A27M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, forGeneral ApplicationA36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural SteelA82/A82M Specificat
5、ion for Steel Wire, Plain, for ConcreteReinforcementA185/A185M Specification for Steel Welded WireReinforcement, Plain, for ConcreteA283/A283M Specification for Low and Intermediate Ten-sile Strength Carbon Steel PlatesA496/A496M Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, forConcrete ReinforcementA497/
6、A497M Specification for Steel Welded WireReinforcement, Deformed, for ConcreteA575 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, MerchantQuality, M-GradesA576 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought,Special QualityA615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinf
7、orcementA675/A675M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical PropertiesA1008/A1008M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled,Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, SolutionHardened, and Bake HardenableA1
8、011/A1011M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy with ImprovedFormability, and Ultra-High StrengthC31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC3
9、9/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-drical Concrete SpecimensC150 Specification for Portland CementC260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-pounds for Curing ConcreteC497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole
10、 Sections,or Tile MetricC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC1619 Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Con-crete StructuresD
11、698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)D4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and UnitWeight of Soils Using a Vibratory TableD4254 Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and UnitWeight of Soils and Calculation of
12、Relative Density2.2 Other Standard:ACI Code 318 Standard Building Code Requirements forReinforced Concrete31This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.04 on Low HeadPressure Pipe.Current edition approved Sep
13、t. 1, 2012. Published October 2012. Originallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C361M 08. DOI:10.1520/C0361M-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume
14、information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available fromAmerican Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Uni
15、ted States1AISI-C101243. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concretepipe, see Terminology C822.4. Classification4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this specification shallbe for hydrostatic heads of 75, 150, 225, 300, and 375 kPameasured to the centerline of the pipe. Des
16、igns are provided inTable 1 and Table 2 for the above hydrostatic heads combinedwith external loadings of 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 m (designated A,B, C, and D in Table 1 and Table 2) of earth cover over the topof the pipe under specific installation conditions. The specificinstallation conditions are
17、covered in Appendix X1. Where thehydrostatic head, external loadings, and installation conditionsvary from those given in Table 1 and Table 2 and Appendix X1,detailed design calculations shall be made. The design criteriafor Table 1 and Table 2 are presented in Appendix X2.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1
18、Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classesshall be determined by the results of such material tests as arerequired in 6.2 through 6.9 by crushing tests on cured concretecylinders, by hydrostatic pressure tests on units of the pipe, byjoint leakage tests, and by inspection during or after
19、 manufac-ture to determine whether the pipe conforms to this specifica-tion as to design and freedom from defects.5.2 Age for AcceptancePipe shall be considered ready foracceptance when they conform to the requirements, as indi-cated by the specified tests.6. Materials6.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe rein
20、forced concrete shallconsist of portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, inwhich steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steeland concrete act together. Fly ash or pozzolan is not prohibitedwhen used as a partial cement replacement; see 9.1.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 Cement:6.
21、2.1.1 Portland CementPortland cement shall conform tothe requirements of Specification C150.6.2.1.2 Blended Hydraulic CementBlended cement shallconform to the requirements of Specification C595 for Type ISportland blast furnace slag cement or Type IP portland pozzo-lan cement, except that the pozzol
22、an constituent in the Type IPportland pozzolan cement shall not exceed 20 % by weight.6.2.2 Fly Ash or PozzolanFly ash or pozzolan shallconform to the requirements of Specification C618.6.2.3 Allowable Cementitious MaterialsThe combinationof cementitious materials used in the concrete shall be one o
23、fthe following:6.2.3.1 Portland cement only,6.2.3.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only,6.2.3.3 Portland pozzolan cement only, or6.2.3.4 A combination of portland cement and fly ash orpozzolan, wherein the proportion of fly ash or pozzolan isbetween 5 and 20 % by weight of total cementitious mat
24、erial(portland cement plus fly ash or pozzolan).6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to SpecificationC33, except that the requirements for grading are waived.6.4 AdmixturesAdmixtures, except for air-entrainingagents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted bythe owner. At the option of
25、 the manufacturer, or if specified bythe owner, the concrete in precast concrete pipe placed by thecast-and-vibrated method shall contain an air-entraining agentconforming to Specification C260. The amount of air-entraining agent used shall be such as will affect the entrain-ment of not more than 3
26、% air by volume of concrete asdischarged from the mixer.6.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist ofwire conforming to Specification A82/A82M, SpecificationA496/A496M, or of wire reinforcement conforming to Speci-fication A185/A185M or Specification A497/A497M,orofbars of Grade 300 steel co
27、nforming to Specification A615/A615M.6.6 Steel for Joint Rings:6.6.1 Steel strips for bell rings less than 6 mm thick shallconform to Grade SS30 of Specification A1011/A1011M orGrade Designation 1012 of Specification A575. Steel thatmeets the requirements of AISI-C1012 for chemical compo-nents will
28、be acceptable provided it conforms to Grade SS30 ofSpecification A1011/A1011M in other respects.6.6.2 Steel plate for bell rings 6 mm or more in thicknessand special shapes for spigot joint rings shall conform toSpecification A36/A36M, or to Grade A of SpecificationA283/A283M, or to Grade Designatio
29、n 1012 of SpecificationA576, or to Grade 50 of Specification A675/A675M. Steel thatmeets the requirements of AISI-C1012 for chemical compo-nents will be acceptable provided it conforms to SpecificationA36/A36M or to Specification A283/A283M in other respects.6.7 Steel Castings for FittingsSteel cast
30、ings for fittingsshall conform to Grade 70-36, Normalized, of SpecificationA27/A27M.6.8 Steel Plates and Sheets for Specials and FittingsSteelplates for specials and fittings shall conform to SpecificationA36/A36M or to Grade B or C of Specification A283/A283Mor Grade SS30 or SS33 of Specification A
31、1011/A1011M orGrade SS30 of Specification A1008/A1008M.6.9 Rubber Gaskets:6.9.1 Composition and Properties All rubber gaskets shallcomply with Specification C1619 in terms of material andmanufacture. The gaskets shall be of a solid circular crosssection and shall be extruded or molded to the specifi
32、ed sizewithin a diametrical tolerance of 60.4 mm or 61.5 % of thediameter, whichever is larger.6.9.1.1 Standard Gasket Requirements All rubber gasketsshall meet the dimensions, tolerances, and physical require-ments of Specification C1619, Class A.4Available from the American Iron and Steel Institut
33、e (AISI), 1140 ConnecticutAve. NW, Suite 705, Washington D.C. 20036, http:/www.steel.org.C361M 122TABLE 1 Design Requirements for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe 300 to 3650 mm Diameter, Concrete Design Strength 34.5 MPa (except as noted)Steel Reinforced Yield Strength 276 MPaNOTE 1See Ap
34、pendix for specific installation conditions and design criteria conditions required in conjunction with the use of Table 1.NOTE 2DesignationsA, B, C, and D, for class of pipe, denote 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 m of earth cover over top of pipe. Figures 75, Figures 150, Figures 225, etc. for class of pip
35、e, denote hydrostaticpressure heads in kilopascals measured to centerline of pipe.NOTE 3An “s” in place of a steel area indicates the pipe class is a special design requiring stirrup reinforcement. Stirrups may be eliminated by changing wall thickness, main reinforcement,concrete strength, or a comb
36、ination thereof.NOTE 4The boldfaced value denotes 41.4 MPa concrete strength required.Circumferential reinforcement, mm2/linear m of pipeA, BInternalDesignatedDia, mm300 375 450 525 600 675Type ofReinforce-mentCircular Circular Circular Elliptical Circular Elliptical Circular Elliptical Circular Ell
37、ipticalWallThickness,mm50 75 50 75 57 75 57 75 60 75 60 75 63 75 63 75 66 79 82 107 66 82Layers ofReinforce-mentSingle Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Inner Outer Inner Outer Single SingleClassA-75 140 120 200 170
38、 250 220 250 250 320 280 320 290 390 350 390 350 460 410 290 200 230 160 460 370B-75 210 170 310 240 390 320 390 320 500 420 500 420 610 540 610 540 740 650 440 280 340 210 740 440C-75 280 220 420 310 540 430 540 430 690 570 690 570 870 730 870 730 1060 890 590 350 450 250 1060 590D-75 360 270 540 3
39、90 700 540 700 540 910 730 910 730 1150 950 1150 950 1430 1170 750 440 560 300 1430 750A-150 220 220 280 270 350 320 520 520 430 390 610 610 510 480 690 690 600 550 390 300 330 250 780 780B-150 270 230 380 320 480 420 520 520 600 530 610 610 740 660 740 690 880 780 540 370 430 300 880 780C-150 340 2
40、80 500 390 630 520 630 520 800 680 800 680 990 860 990 860 1190 1030 690 450 540 340 1190 780D-150 420 330 620 470 790 640 790 640 1020 840 1020 840 1280 1070 1280 1070 1570 1310 850 530 650 390 1570 850A-225 340 340 430 430 520 520 . . 600 600 . . 690 690 . . 770 770 490 400 430 350 . .B-225 340 34
41、0 460 430 580 520 . . 710 640 . . 860 780 . . 1020 920 640 470 520 390 . .C-225 400 340 570 470 720 620 . . 910 790 . . 1110 980 . . 1330 1170 790 550 630 440 . .D-225 480 390 700 550 880 730 . . 1130 950 . . 1400 1200 . . 1710 1440 940 630 730 480 . .A-300 490 490 610 610 730 730 . . 860 860 . . 98
42、0 980 . . 1100 1100 590 500 590 510 . .B-300 490 490 610 610 730 730 . . 860 860 . . 980 980 . . 1160 1100 740 570 620 480 . .C-300 490 490 650 610 820 730 . . 1020 900 . . 1240 1110 . . 1470 1310 880 650 720 530 . .D-300 540 490 770 620 980 820 . . 1240 1050 . . 1530 1320 . . 1850 1580 1040 730 820
43、 570 . .A-375 650 650 820 820 980 980 . . 1140 1140 . . 1310 1310 . . 1470 1470 790 680 780 690 . .B-375 650 650 820 820 980 980 . . 1140 1140 . . 1310 1310 . . 1470 1470 830 670 810 660 . .C-375 650 650 820 820 980 980 . . 1140 1140 . . 1360 1310 . . 1610 1470 980 750 830 640 . .D-375 650 650 850 8
44、20 1070 980 . . 1350 1160 . . 1650 1450 . . 1990 1720 1140 830 910 670 . .C361M123TABLE 1 ContinuedCircumferential reinforcement, mm2/linear m of pipeA, BInternalDesignatedDia, mm750 825Type ofReinforce-mentCircular Elliptical Circular EllipticalWallThickness,mm69 79 82 88 119 69 88 72 79 82 94 119
45、72 94Layers ofReinforce-mentSingle Single Inner Outer Inner Outer Inner Outer Single Single Single Single Inner Outer Inner Outer Inner Outer Single SingleClassA-75 530 490 340 230 320 220 250 170 530 410 610 570 400 270 350 240 290 200 610 450B-75 880 790 530 340 490 310 370 220 880 490 1020 950 63
46、0 400 540 340 440 270 1020 540C-75 1260 1110 720 440 660 400 490 280 1260 660 1490 1360 870 530 730 440 580 330 1490 730D-75 1750 1470 920 550 840 490 600 330 1750 840 1940 1850 1120 670 930 540 720 400 1940 930A-150 680 640 450 350 430 330 350 270 870 870 780 740 520 400 470 360 400 310 950 950B-15
47、0 1030 940 640 450 600 420 470 320 1030 870 1190 1120 750 520 660 460 550 380 1190 950C-150 1420 1260 830 550 770 500 580 370 1420 870 1660 1530 980 650 840 550 680 440 1660 950D-150 1900 1630 1030 650 940 600 700 430 1900 940 2110 2020 1230 780 1040 660 820 510 2110 1040A-225 860 860 560 460 530 44
48、0 470 390 . . 950 950 640 520 580 470 520 430 . .B-225 1180 1100 750 560 700 520 570 420 . . 1360 1290 870 640 770 570 650 480 . .C-225 1570 1410 940 660 870 610 680 470 . . 1830 1700 1100 770 950 670 790 550 . .D-225 2060 1780 1130 760 1040 700 800 520 . . 2280 2190 1340 900 1150 770 930 610 . .A-3
49、00 1220 1220 670 570 660 560 660 560 . . 1340 1340 760 640 730 620 730 620 . .B-300 1340 1250 860 670 810 630 690 540 . . 1530 1460 990 760 890 690 760 590 . .C-300 1730 1570 1040 760 980 720 780 570 . . 2000 1870 1220 890 1070 780 900 660 . .D-300 2210 1930 1240 870 1150 810 890 620 . . 2450 2360 1460 1020 1260 880 1030 720 . .A-375 1630 1630 870 760 870 760 870 760 . . 1800 1800 960 830 960 840 960 840 . .B-375 1630 1630 970 780 920 740 900 730 . . 1800 1800 1110 890 1000 800 990 800 . .C-375 1880 1720 1150 870 1080 820 930 710 . . 2170 2040 1330 1010 11
