1、Designation: C454 10Standard Test Method forDisintegration of Carbon Refractories by Alkali1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C454; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the behavior of carbon refrac-tories when subjected to the action of an alkali at an elevatedtemperature. This dest
3、ructive condition as encountered inservice is accelerated in the test to show in a short time theprobable behavior of the carbon refractory during use.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that
4、 are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the app
5、lica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Significance and Use2.1 The disintegration of carbon refractories by alkali attackat elevated temperatures is an important consideration in usingthese materials for certain applications. Disruption of carbonrefractories in the test is sensitive t
6、o a number of variables,including alkali concentration, temperature, and the presenceof water vapor. The procedure is suitable for guidance inproduct development and for relative comparisons in applica-tion work such as in blast furnace service.3. Apparatus and Materials3.1 SaggerA sagger, and coke
7、breeze passing a No. 4(4.75-mm) sieve.3.2 KilnThe kiln shall be capable of maintaining thespecified rate of heating. During the temperature holdingperiod, the temperature distribution over the hearth shall notvary more than 615F (8C).3.3 Potassium Carbonate (K2CO3)Anhydrous granular.4. Test Specimen
8、s4.1 Ten specimens constitute a specimen set and not morethan one specimen is taken from a given carbon shape.4.2 Two-inch (51-mm) cube specimens are cut from theshapes to a manner so as to maintain as many of the originalsurfaces as possible.4.3 A hole78 in. (22 mm) in diameter and 1 in. (25 mm)dee
9、p is drilled into the center of one face of each specimen.4.4 Cut a lid from a carbon shape measuring approximately2by2by14 in. (50 by 50 by 6 mm) for each specimen.5. Procedure5.1 Dry the specimens and lids at 220 to 230F (105 to110C) for at least 1 h. Place8gofK2CO3in the hole of eachspecimen, and
10、 then place a lid over each hole.5.2 Place the prepared specimens in the sagger, using cokebreeze as a packing material to prevent oxidation. Maintain adistance of not less than 1 in. (25 mm) between the inner wallof the sagger and any specimen, and not less than14 in. (6mm) between specimens. Cover
11、 the uppermost specimen witha layer of coke breeze at least 1 in. in thickness and place aclose-fitting cover on the sagger. The lid may be sealed in placearound the outside of the sagger by the use of air-settingrefractory mortar.5.3 Heat the sagger assembly in the kiln at a rate notexceeding 360F
12、(200C)/h until 1750F (955C) is reached;maintain that temperature within 615F (8.5C) for 5 h.5.4 During the cooling period, remove the specimens fromthe sagger before they reach 210F (100C) and store, untilexamined and photographed, in a desiccator or drying ovenoperating at 220 to 230F (105 to 110C)
13、.NOTE 1If there is a delay between preparing (5.1) and heating (5.3)the specimens, store them or the sagger-specimen assemblage in adesiccator or in an oven maintained at 220 to 230F (105 to 110C) untilthe procedure is continued.6. Report6.1 Report the condition of each test specimen upon beingremov
14、ed from the sagger, and attach a photograph to thewritten report. The photograph shall show the top and two sidesof each specimen at not less than half their actual size.6.2 Use the following classification in reporting the condi-tion of the specimens:6.2.1 Unaffected (U), no visible cracks,6.2.2 Li
15、ghtly Cracked (LC), hairline cracks,6.2.3 Cracked (C), cracks greater than164 in. (0.4 mm)wide, or1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 onRefractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.04 on ChemicalBehaviors.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Publi
16、shed December 2010. Originallyapproved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C45483(2007). DOI:10.1520/C0454-10.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.2.4 Disintegrated (D), broken into two or more pieces.6.3
17、Type of heat source, kiln, and muffling.7. Precision and Bias7.1 Precision No justifiable statement on precision can bemade since the results of the test are reported by descriptionsand photographs, and the degree of variability cannot beestablished.7.2 BiasNo justifiable statement on bias can be ma
18、desince the true or standard value for the degree of disintegrationcannot be established by an accepted reference method.8. Keywords8.1 alkali; carbon refractories; disintegrationASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item me
19、ntionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committe
20、e and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeti
21、ng of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
22、 Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C454 102
