1、Designation: C454 10 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forDisintegration of Carbon Refractories by Alkali1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C454; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the behavior of carbon refrac-tories when subjected to the action of an alkali at an elevatedtemp
3、erature. This destructive condition as encountered inservice is accelerated in the test to show in a short time theprobable behavior of the carbon refractory during use.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversion
4、s to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and
5、 determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-m
6、endations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Significance and Use2.1 The disintegration of carbon refractories by alkali attackat elevated temperatures is an important consideration in usingthese materials for certain applications. Disruption of carb
7、onrefractories in the test is sensitive to a number of variables,including alkali concentration, temperature, and the presenceof water vapor. The procedure is suitable for guidance inproduct development and for relative comparisons in applica-tion work such as in blast furnace service.3. Apparatus a
8、nd Materials3.1 SaggerA sagger, and coke breeze passing a No. 4(4.75-mm) sieve.3.2 KilnThe kiln shall be capable of maintaining thespecified rate of heating. During the temperature holdingperiod, the temperature distribution over the hearth shall notvary more than 615 F (8 C).3.3 Potassium Carbonate
9、 (K2CO3)Anhydrous granular.4. Test Specimens4.1 Ten specimens constitute a specimen set and not morethan one specimen is taken from a given carbon shape.4.2 Two-inch (51-mm) cube specimens are cut from theshapes to a manner so as to maintain as many of the originalsurfaces as possible.4.3 A hole78 i
10、n. (22 mm) in diameter and 1 in. (25 mm)deep is drilled into the center of one face of each specimen.4.4 Cut a lid from a carbon shape measuring approximately2by2by14 in. (50 by 50 by 6 mm) for each specimen.5. Procedure5.1 Dry the specimens and lids at 220 to 230 F (105 to110 C) for at least 1 h. P
11、lace8gofK2CO3in the hole of eachspecimen, and then place a lid over each hole.5.2 Place the prepared specimens in the sagger, using cokebreeze as a packing material to prevent oxidation. Maintain adistance of not less than 1 in. (25 mm) between the inner wallof the sagger and any specimen, and not l
12、ess than14 in. (6 mm)between specimens. Cover the uppermost specimen with alayer of coke breeze at least 1 in. in thickness and place aclose-fitting cover on the sagger. The lid may be sealed in placearound the outside of the sagger by the use of air-settingrefractory mortar.5.3 Heat the sagger asse
13、mbly in the kiln at a rate notexceeding 360 F (200 C) h until 1750 F (955 C) isreached; maintain that temperature within 615 F (8.5 C) for5h.5.4 During the cooling period, remove the specimens fromthe sagger before they reach 210 F (100 C) and store, untilexamined and photographed, in a desiccator o
14、r drying ovenoperating at 220 to 230 F (105 to 110 C).NOTE 1If there is a delay between preparing (5.1) and heating (5.3)the specimens, store them or the sagger-specimen assemblage in adesiccator or in an oven maintained at 220 to 230 F (105 to 110 C) untilthe procedure is continued.1This test metho
15、d is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 onRefractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.04 on ChemicalBehaviors.Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originallyapproved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C454 10. DOI:10.1520/C0454-10R
16、17.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of In
17、ternational Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.16. Report6.1 Report the condition of each test specimen upon beingremoved from the sagger, and attach a photograph to thewritten report. The photograph shall show the
18、 top and two sidesof each specimen at not less than half their actual size.6.2 Use the following classification in reporting the condi-tion of the specimens:6.2.1 Unaffected (U), no visible cracks,6.2.2 Lightly Cracked (LC), hairline cracks,6.2.3 Cracked (C), cracks greater than164 in. (0.4 mm)wide,
19、 or6.2.4 Disintegrated (D), broken into two or more pieces.6.3 Type of heat source, kiln, and muffling.7. Precision and Bias7.1 PrecisionNo justifiable statement on precision can bemade since the results of the test are reported by descriptionsand photographs, and the degree of variability cannot be
20、established.7.2 BiasNo justifiable statement on bias can be madesince the true or standard value for the degree of disintegrationcannot be established by an accepted reference method.8. Keywords8.1 alkali; carbon refractories; disintegrationASTM International takes no position respecting the validit
21、y of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject
22、 to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarter
23、s. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard i
24、s copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 10 (2017)2
