1、2003年专业英语八级真题试卷及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture
2、. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 1 Marslows Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be ar
3、ranged in order of importance. Physiological needs: the most 【 L1】 ones for survival. They include such needs as food, water, etc. And there is usually one way to satisfy these needs. 【 L2】 needs: needs for a) physical security; b) 【 L3】 security. The former means no illness or injury, while the lat
4、ter is concerned with freedom from 【 L4】 , misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met through a variety of means, e. g. job security, 【 L5】 plans, and safe working conditions. Social needs: human requirements for a) love and affection; b) a sense of belonging. There are two ways to satisfy these needs
5、: a) formation of relationships at workplace; b) formation of relationships outside workplace. Esteem needs: a) self-esteem, i. e. ones sense of achievement; b) esteem of others, i.e. others respect as a result of ones 【 L6】 These needs can be fulfilled by achievement, promotion, honours, etc. Self-
6、realization needs: need to realize ones potential. Ways to realize these needs are individually 【 L7】 . Features of the hierarchy of needs: a) Social, esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively 【 L8】 need. b) Needs are satisfied in a fixed order from the bottom u p.c) 【 L9】 for needs comes fr
7、om the lowest un-met level, d) Different levels of needs may 【 L10】 when they come into play. 1 【 L1】 2 【 L2】 3 【 L3】 4 【 L4】 5 【 L5】 6 【 L6】 7 【 L7】 8 【 L8】 9 【 L9】 10 【 L10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the que
8、stions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Which of the following statements about offices is NOT true according to the talk? （ A） Offices thr
9、oughout the world are basically alike. （ B） There are primarily two kinds of office layout. （ C） Office surroundings used to depend on company size. （ D） Office atmosphere influences workers performance. 12 We can infer from the talk that harmonious work relations may have a direct impact on your （
10、A） promotion. （ B） colleagues. （ C） management. （ D） union. 13 Supposing you were working in a small firm, which of the following would you do when you had some grievances? （ A） Request a formal special meeting with the boss. （ B） Draft a formal agenda for a special meeting. （ C） Contact a consultat
11、ive committee first. （ D） Ask to see the boss for a talk immediately. 14 According to the talk, the union plays the following roles EXCEPT （ A） mediation. （ B） arbitration. （ C） negotiation. （ D） representation. 15 Which topic is NOT covered in the talk? （ A） Role of the union. （ B） Work relations.
12、（ C） Company structure. （ D） Office layout. 16 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about Davids personal background? （ A） He had excellent academic records at school and university. （ B） He was once on a PhD programme at Yale University. （ C） He received professional training in acting. （
13、 D） He came from a single-parent family. 17 David is inclined to believe in （ A） aliens. （ B） UFOs. （ C） the TV character. （ D） government conspiracies. 18 David thinks he is fit for the TV role because of his （ A） professional training. （ B） personality. （ C） life experience. （ D） appearance. 19 Fr
14、om the interview, we know that at present David feels （ A） a sense of frustration. （ B） haunted by the unknown things. （ C） confident but moody. （ D） successful yet unsatisfied. 20 How does David feel about the divorce of his parents? （ A） He feels a sense of anger. （ B） He has a sense of sadness. （
15、 C） It helped him grow up. （ D） It left no effect on him. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 21 What i
16、s the main idea of the news item? （ A） US concern over the forthcoming peace talks. （ B） Peace efforts by the Palestinian Authority. （ C） Recommendations by the Mitchell Commission. （ D） Bomb attacks aimed at Israeli civilians. 22 Some voters will waste their ballots because （ A） they like neither c
17、andidate. （ B） they are all ill-informed. （ C） the candidates do not differ much. （ D） they do not want to vote twice. 23 According to the UN Human Development Report, which is the best place for women in the world? （ A） Canada. （ B） The US. （ C） Australia. （ D） Scandinavia. 24 _ is in the 12th plac
18、e in overall ranking. （ A） Britain （ B） France （ C） Finland （ D） Switzerland 25 According to the UN report, the least developed country is （ A） Ethiopia. （ B） Mali. （ C） Sierra Leon. （ D） Central African Republic. 26 1 Hostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Euro
19、pe in the 14th century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels and mercenari
20、es, metalsmiths and servants. Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan system, based mostly on their traditional crafts and geography, has made them a deeply fragmented and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje
21、. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for “man“. But on my travels among them most still referred to themselves as Gypsies. 2 In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune-telling and the state
22、 seeing anti-social behaviour in their nomadism. At various times they have been forbidden to wear their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry one another, or to ply their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slaveryit wasnt until the mid-
23、1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Romania. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust. Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been ste
24、rilized, and their children have been forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families. 3 But the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group, and their numbers have burgeoned. Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, ma
25、king them the continents largest minority. The exact number is hard to pin down. Gypsies have regularly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount.
26、 Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. “Romanestan, said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer. “is wher
27、e my two feet stand.“ 26 Gypsies are united only when they （ A） are engaged in traditional crafts. （ B） call themselves Roma. （ C） live under a clan system. （ D） face external threats. 27 In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the following EXCEPT （ A） the Egy
28、ptians. （ B） the state. （ C） the church. （ D） the Nazis. 28 According to the passage, the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts of （ A） language. （ B） culture. （ C） identity. （ D） custom. 29 1 I was just a boy when my father brought me to Harlem for the first time,
29、almost 50 years ago. We stayed at the Hotel Theresa, a grand brick structure at 125th Street and Seventh Avenue. Once, in the hotel restaurant, my father pointed out Joe Louis. He even got Mr. Brown, the hotel manager, to introduce me to him, a bit paunchy but still the champ as far as I was concern
30、ed. 2 Much has changed since then. Business and real estate are booming. Some say a new renaissance is under way. Others decry what they see as outside forces running roughshod over the old Harlem. 3 New York meant Harlem to me, and as a young man I visited it whenever I could. But many of my old ha
31、unts are gone. The Theresa shut down in 1996. National chains that once ignored Harlem now anticipate yuppie money and want pieces of this prime Manhattan real estate. So here I am on a hot August afternoon, sitting in a Starbucks that two years ago opened a block away from the Theresa, snatching at
32、 memories between sips of high-priced coffee. I am about to open up a piece of the old Harlem the New York Amsterdam News when a tourist asking directions to Sylvias, a prominent Harlem restaurant, penetrates my daydreaming. Hes carrying a book: Touring Historic Harlem. 4 History. I miss Mr. Michaux
33、s bookstore, his House of Common Sense, which was across from the Theresa. He had a big billboard out front with brown and black faces painted on it that said in large letters: “World History Book Outlet on 2,000,000,000 Africans and Nonwhite Peoples.“ An ugly state office building has swallowed tha
34、t space. 5 I miss speaker like Carlos Cooks, who was always on the southwest corner of 125th and Seventh, urging listeners to support Africa. Harlems powerful political electricity seems unplugged although the streets are still energized, especially by West African immigrants. 6 Hardworking southern
35、 newcomers formed the bulk of the community back in the 1920s and 30s, when Harlem renaissance artists, writers, and intellectuals gave it a glitter and renown that made it the capital of black America. From Harlem, W. E. B. DuBois. Langston Hughes, Paul Robeson, Zora Neal Hurston, and others helped
36、 power Americas cultural influence around the world. 7 By the 1970s and 80s drugs and crime had ravaged parts of the community. And the life expectancy for men in Harlem was less than that of men in Bangladesh. Harlem had become a symbol of the dangers of inner-city life. 8 Now, you want to shout “L
37、ookin good!“ at this place that has been neglected for so long. Crowds push into Harlem USA, a new shopping centre on 125th, where a Disney store shares space with HMY Records, the New York Sports Club, and a nine-screen Magic Johnson theatre complex. Nearby, a Rite Aid drugstore also opened. Maybe
38、part of the reason Harlem seems to be undergoing a rebirth is that it is finally getting what most people take for granted. 9 Harlem is also part of an “empowerment zone“a federal designation aimed at fostering economic growth that will bring over half a billion in federal, state, and local dollars.
39、 Just the shells of once elegant old brownstones now can cost several hundred thousand dollars. Rents are skyrocketing. An improved economy, tougher law enforcement, and community efforts against drugs have contributed to a 60 percent drop in crime since 1993. 29 At the beginning the author seems to
40、 indicate that Harlem （ A） has remained unchanged all these years. （ B） has undergone drastic changes. （ C） has become the capital of Black America. （ D） has remained a symbol of dangers of inner-city life. 30 When the author recalls Harlem in the old days, he has a feeling of （ A） indifference. （ B
41、） discomfort. （ C） delight. （ D） nostalgia. 31 Harlem was called the capital of Black America in the 1920s and 30s mainly because of its （ A） art and culture. （ B） immigrant population. （ C） political enthusiasm. （ D） distinctive architecture. 32 From the passage we can infer that, generally speakin
42、g, the author （ A） has strong reservations about the changes. （ B） has slight reservations about the changes. （ C） welcomes the changes in Harlem. （ D） is completely opposed to the changes. 33 1 The senior partner, Oliver Lambert, studied the resume for the hundredth time and again found nothing he
43、disliked about Mitchell Y. McDeere, at least not on paper. He had the brains, the ambition, the good looks. And he was hungry; with his background, he had to be. He was married, and that was mandatory. The firm had never hired an unmarried lawyer, and it frowned heavily on divorce, as well as womani
44、zing and drinking. Drug testing was in the contract. He had a degree in accounting, passed the CPA exam the first time he took it and wanted to be a tax lawyer, which of course was a requirement with a tax firm. He was white, and the firm had never hired a black. They managed this by being secretive
45、 and clubbish and never soliciting job applications. Other firms solicited, and hired blacks. This firm recruited, and remained lily white. Plus, the firm was in Memphis, and the top blacks wanted New York or Washington or Chicago. McDeere was a male, and there were no women in the firm. That mistak
46、e had been made in the mid-seventies when they recruited the number one grad from Harvard, who happened to be a she and a wizard at taxation. She lasted four turbulent years and was killed in a car wreck. 2 He looked good, on paper. He was their top choice. In fact, for this year there were no other
47、 prospects. The list was very short. It was McDeere, or no one. 3 The managing partner, Royce McKnight, studied a dossier labeled “Mitchell Y. McDeere. Harvard. “An inch thick with small print and a few photographs; it had been prepared by some ex-CIA agents in a private intelligence outfit in Bethe
48、sda. They were clients of the firm and each year did the investigating for no fee. It was easy work, they said, checking out unsuspecting law students. They learned, for instance, that he preferred to leave the Northeast, that he was holding three job offers, two in New York and one in Chicago, and
49、that the highest offer was 76,000 and the lowest was 68,000. He was in demand. He had been given the opportunity to cheat on a securities exam during his second year. He declined, and made the highest grade in the class. Two months ago he had been offered cocaine at a law school party. He said no and left when everyone began snorting. He drank an occasional beer, but drinking was expensive and he had no money. He owed close to 23,000 in student loans. He was hungry. 4 Royce McKnight flipped through the d
