1、2003年中国人民大学考博英语真题试卷（精选）及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 He was _ when he heard the unexpected news, but I finally convinced him. （ A） incredible （ B） inevitable （ C） incredulous （ D） indifferent 2 We had a marvelous holiday; only the last two days were slightly _ by weather. （ A） damaged （ B） en
2、hanced （ C） spoiled （ D） diminished 3 NASA is casting a wider net in the space shuttle investigation as to what caused the spacecraft to swing out of control and _ moments before it was to land. （ A） disassemble （ B） disembark （ C） disintegrate （ D） disinherit 4 The discussion was so prolonged and e
3、xhausting that _ we had to stop for refreshments. （ A） at large （ B） at ease （ C） at random （ D） at intervals 5 A luxury express train jumped the tracks on a bridge in eastern India, killing at least 50 on the spot. According to the Northern Railway spokesman, the death _ is expected to rise. （ A） f
4、igure （ B） toll （ C） span （ D） yield 6 Participants in the Shanghai Co-operation Forum _ regional teamwork to promote investment and economic development. （ A） cursed （ B） echoed （ C） bounced （ D） hailed 7 Turning cultivated land back into forests or pasture is a fundamental way to stem soil _ and d
5、esertification in the long run. （ A） erosion （ B） depletion （ C） violation （ D） delusion 8 The discrepancy in the company accounts is so _ that no auditor could have failed to notice it. （ A） spontaneous （ B） conspicuous （ C） notorious （ D） superfluous 9 Russian women had to wear protective masks as
6、 they walked in Moscow, which was _ by a heavy smog yesterday. （ A） shrouded （ B） unveiled （ C） decayed （ D） deprived 10 In that country, a person who marries before legal age must have a parents _ to obtain a license. （ A） sanction （ B） warrant （ C） malignance （ D） affirmation 11 With tears in her
7、eyes, the champion was oblivious to the cheering in the stands. （ A） grateful to （ B） unaware of （ C） conscious of （ D） pleased with 12 I cant understand how he can feel that his colleagues are always ready to denounce him. （ A） compliment （ B） criticize （ C） flatter （ D） challenge 13 On this barren
8、 place on Aikhanom Hill, overlooking fields peppered with land mines, soldiers come to lay a stone or say a prayer for friends lost in years of war. （ A） infertile （ B） disastrous （ C） plausible （ D） impeccable 14 The coalition parties have asked the government to consider using more. funds to help
9、support the ailing market. （ A） rapidly expanding （ B） steadily improving （ C） making changes （ D） having difficulties 15 Looming over the debate about human interference in the worlds boreal forests is an as yet unanswerable question. Will the effects of global warming eventually dwarf mans impact?
10、 （ A） raise to greater importance （ B） make more difficult to measure （ C） cause to appear small （ D） bring to an abrupt end 16 His wife says that he was more frugal in his youth than later years. （ A） listless （ B） robust （ C） thrifty （ D） gullible 17 We have done all we could and now our cherished
11、 project is at the mercy of our new CEO. （ A） under the guidance of （ B） in the power of （ C） with the assistance of （ D） on the agenda of 18 He seemed in such an inconsolable state that I didnt know whether to leave or stay. （ A） distracted （ B） enraged （ C） overjoyed （ D） brokenhearted 19 She was
12、delirious last night, but she seems quite lucid this morning. （ A） rational （ B） peaceful （ C） patient （ D） insane 20 The humanitarian claims that he venerates all men, regardless of their position in life. （ A） loves （ B） distrusts （ C） serves （ D） respects 二、 Cloze 20 Many people invest in the sto
13、ck market hoping to find the next Microsoft and Dell. However, I know【 21】 personal experience how difficult this really is. For more than a year, I was【 22】 hundreds and sometimes thousands of dollars a day investing in the market. It seemed so easy. I dreamed of【 23】 my job at the end of the year,
14、 of buying a small apartment in Paris, of traveling around the world. But these dreams【 24】 to a sudden and dramatic end when a stock I【 25】 , Texas cellular phone wholesaler, fell by more than 75 percent【 26】 a one year period. On the【 27】 day, it plunged by more than $15 a share. There was a rumor
15、 the company was【 28】 sales figures. That was when I learned how quickly Wall Street【 29】 companies that misrepresent the【 30】 . In a【 31】 , I sold all my stock in the company, paying【 32】 margin debt with cash advances from my【 33】 card. Because I owned so many shares, I【 34】 a small fortune, half
16、of it from money I borrowed from the brokerage company. One month, I am a【 35】 , the next, a loser. This one big loss was my first lesson in the market. My father was a stockbroker, as was my grandfather【 36】 him. (In fact, he founded one of Chicagos earliest brokerage firms.) But like so many thing
17、 in life, we dont learn anything until we【 37】 it for ourselves. The only way to really understand the inner【 38】 of the stock market is to invest your own hard-earned money. When all your stocks are doing【 39】 and you feel like a winner, you learn very little. Its when all your stocks are losing an
18、d everyone is questioning your stock-picking【 40】 that you find out if you have what it takes to invest in the market. （ A） at （ B） in （ C） from （ D） by （ A） making （ B） spending （ C） selling （ D） buying （ A） losing （ B） retiring （ C） getting （ D） quitting （ A） turned （ B） came （ C） went （ D） seemed
19、 （ A） owned （ B） owed （ C） rented （ D） sold （ A） over （ B） by （ C） from （ D） with （ A） busy （ B） slow （ C） worst （ D） fast （ A） cheating （ B） exaggerating （ C） announcing （ D） beating （ A） punishes （ B） defeats （ C） tells （ D） shows （ A） trade （ B） truth （ C） lie （ D） lies （ A） despair （ B） worry （
20、C） panic （ D） moment （ A） all （ B） off （ C） over （ D） up （ A） credit （ B） identity （ C） identification （ D） loan （ A） won （ B） lost （ C） gained （ D） found （ A） winner （ B） champagne （ C） genius （ D） mentor （ A） after （ B） before （ C） for （ D） and （ A） remember （ B） live （ C） imagine （ D） experience
21、（ A） workings （ B） innings （ C） price （ D） shares （ A） more （ B） great （ C） much （ D） up （ A） facility （ B） faculty （ C） ability （ D） power 三、 Reading Comprehension 40 The Commercial Revolution was not confined, of course, to the growth of trade and banking. Included in it also were fundamental chan
22、ges in methods of production. The system of manufacture developed by the craft guilds in the later Middle Ages was rapidly becoming defunct. The guilds themselves, dominated by the master craftsmen, had grown selfish and exclusive. Membership in them was commonly restricted to a few privileged famil
23、ies. Besides, they were so completely choked by tradition that they were unable to make adjustments to changing conditions. Moreover, new industries had sprung up entirely outside the guild system. Characteristic examples were mining and smelting and the woolen industry. The rapid development of the
24、se enterprises was stimulated by technical advances, such as the invention of the spinning wheel and the discovery of a new method of making brass, which saved about half of the fuel previously used. In the mining and smelting industries a form of organization was adopted similar to that which has p
25、revailed ever since. But the most typical form of industrial production in the Commercial Revolution was the domestic system, developed first of all in the woolen industry. The domestic system derives its name from the fact that the work was done in the homes of industrial artisans instead of in the
26、 shop of a master craftsman. Since the various jobs in the manufacture of a product were given out on contract, the system is also known as the putting out system. Notwithstanding the petty scale of production, the organization was basically capitalistic. The raw material was purchased by an entrepr
27、eneur and assigned to individual worker, each of whom would complete his allotted task for a stipulated payment. In the case of the woolen industry the yam would be given out first of all to the spinners, then to the weavers, fullers, and dyer in succession. When the cloth was finally finished, it w
28、ould be taken by the clothier and sold in the open market for the highest price it would bring. 41 According to the article, what changes did the Commercial Revolution bring about? （ A） Methods of production （ B） Appearance of craft guilds （ C） Increased trade volume （ D） Growth of trade, banking an
29、d methods of production 42 The word “defunct“ in the first paragraph most probably means _. （ A） popular （ B） obsolete （ C） potential （ D） extensive 43 According to the article, in which area was it more energy-efficient? （ A） Smelting industry （ B） Mining industry （ C） Banking （ D） Weaving 44 The a
30、uthor implies that _. （ A） The guild system was more efficient. （ B） The domestic system was capitalistic. （ C） The technical advances stimulated the guild system. （ D） The domestic system was not as efficient as the guild system. 45 According to the article, which one of the following statements is
31、 NOT true? （ A） Technical advances stimulated the development of enterprises. （ B） In the woolen industry, weavers would pass on their products to spinners. （ C） The domestic system is also known as the putting out system. （ D） The word “clothier“ is synonymous to “entrepreneur“ in this context. 45
32、And researchers say that like those literary romantics Romeo and Juliet, they may be blind to the consequences of their quests for an idealized mate who serves their every physical and emotional need. Nearly 19 in 20 never-married respondents to a national survey agree that “when you marry you want
33、your spouse to be your soul mate, first and foremost,“ according to the State of our Unions: 2001 study released Wednesday by Rutgers University. David Popenoe, a Rutgers sociologist and one of the studys authors, said that view might spell doom for marriages. “It really provides a very unrealistic
34、view of what marriage really is,“ Popenoe said. “The standard becomes so high, its not easy to bail out if you didnt find a soul mate.“ The survey points to a fundamental dilemma in which younger people want more from the institution of marriage while they seemingly are unwilling to make the necessa
35、ry commitments. The survey also suggests that some respondents expect too much from a spouse, including the kind of emotional support rendered by same-sex friends. The authors of the study also suggest that the generation that was polled may more quickly leave a marriage because of infidelity than p
36、ast generations. Popenoe said the poll, conducted by the Gallup Organization, is the first of its kind to concentrate on people in their 20s. A total of 1, 003 married and single young adults nationwide were interviewed by telephone between January and March. The margin of error was plus or minus fo
37、ur percentage points. Respondents said they eventually want to get married, realize its a lot of work and think there are too many divorces. They believe there is one right person for them out there somewhere and think their own marriages wont end in divorce. Since the poll is the first of its kind,
38、 researchers say it is impossible to say if expectations about marriage are changing or static. But scholars say the search for soul mates has increased over the last generation-and the last century-as marriage has become an institution centering on romance rather than utility. “One hundred years ag
39、o, people married for financial reasons, for tying families together, they married for political reasons,“ said John DeLamater, a sociologist at the University of Wisconsin. “And most people had children.“ Those conditions are no longer the case for young adults like David Asher, a 24-year waiter in
40、 a Trenton cafe who has been in a relationship for about two years. He wants to wait to make sure hes ready to exchange vows. “I know a lot of it has to do with financial reasons,“ he said. “Maybe if youre going to have children, marriage is the best bet.“ But the main reason for matrimony: “If your
41、e in love with someone, its sort of like promising to them you are in love.“ Thats all well and good, said Heather Helms- Erikson, an assistant professor of human development and family studies at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, but passion partly in endorpin-caused physiological phe
42、nomenon-has been known to diminish in time. 46 Whats the best title of this passage? （ A） Marriage Scholars Worry Search for “Soul Mates“ is Unrealistic. （ B） People Should Seek for Romantic Love like Romeo and Juliet. （ C） Marriage Should Happen between Soul Mates. （ D） Search for “Soul Mates“ Shou
43、ld be Superseded by Reality. 47 The new study in this passage shows that _. （ A） many American are very practical when they search for a spouse （ B） American 20-somethings have a largely romantic view of marriage （ C） Romantic view of marriage might lead marriage to a happy ending （ D） Americans are
44、 fond of marriage life so they will not care cohabitation 48 It can be inferred that the author would most likely agree with which of the following statements regarding marriage? （ A） It usually involves idealized mates who can serve their every physical and emotional need. （ B） It may not be realiz
45、ed unless the couple consider carefully about their responsibility and commitment. （ C） It becomes more unrealistic nowadays than in the past because most people center on romance instead of utility. （ D） It results from many reasons such as financial reasons, family reunion, and political reasons.
46、49 Which of the following is not one of the differences between this generation and the past generations as far as marriage is concerned? （ A） The young people nowadays require more from marriage but they seem not to be willing to make necessary commitments. （ B） This generation expects too much fro
47、m their spouses and they can not keep to be faithful to their husbands or wives. （ C） The young people at present pay more attention to look for soul mates than the past generations when they search for partners. （ D） Now some young people usually marry for the same reasons as the older generations
48、such as financial ones and children. 50 Which of the following sentences will Heather Helms-Erikon use to illustrate her own argument? （ A） Ten years into a marriage, you will still have great passion and you notice someone else and say, “Only my wife or husband is my soul mate.“ （ B） The romantic p
49、art of marriage -while it can be there -should not be substituted by other things such as shared values antisocial status. （ C） The couple should focus on the three Cs -communication, conflict resolution and commitment to make marriage the first priority. （ D） Ten years into a marriage, you dont have that any more and you notice someone else and think, maybe this person is my soul mate. 50 Visiting a National Park can be relaxing, inspiring and rejuvenating, but it can also be disturbing. As you
