1、2005年 5月口译二级实务真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets be
2、gin. 1 下面你将听到外商有关中国零售业发展情况的一段讲话。 Chinas economy, once reliant on state spending in heavy industry, has increasingly looked to the retail sector for growth. Market-oriented reforms begun in 1978 have created a growing private sector, and much of that is concentrated in the retail trade. The state has
3、 also moved aggressively to tap the retail market as reforms put money in the pockets of the nations consumers. That has created a service economy where, sometimes, the customer really is king. Before the reforms took hold, a shopping excursion often meant a test of wills, with sleepy attendants at
4、state-owned stores with little incentive to sell. Goods were often shoddy and carelessly displayed. Shortages were common and ration coupons were needed to buy anything from rice to cloth and cooking oil. Those days are all but forgotten now. Broadly defined, retail consumption, estimated in excess
5、of US$450 billion, is growing by about 10% annually. With a value added tax of 17% applied to all goods, the retail trade is a major contributor to state revenue. Since 1978, the private sector has embraced retailing in a big way. Government-owned factories have been forced to lay off millions of wo
6、rkers to trim costs and start making a profit. That has driven many of those workers into the retail sector, with a high percentage operating privately-run corner shops, convenience stores, clothing shops, bars and restaurants, and even beauty parlors and dry cleaners. Foreign investors have also mo
7、ved into the market in force, investing more than US$3 billion in China since 1992. Headed by the likes of Carrefour and Wal-Mart, some 300 foreign-funded retailers with 2,200 chain stores have been approved and the pace is certain to accelerate following Chinas entry into the WTO. While foreign-inv
8、ested stores still account for only 2-4% of all retail sales, their impact has been profound. Their presence has forced local-retailers to compete by expanding their scale of business and making their stores more attractive to customers. The new entrants in the market have brought an array of goods.
9、 While foreign brands were once reserved for the elite or wealthy foreigners, they are now aimed at local customers. 2 下面你将听到外国媒体有关中国能源形势的一段讲话。 Tight electricity supply is constraining Chinas economic growtha situation likely to persist for three to four years until new capacity comes online. The en
10、ergy shortfall has not yet severely hampered U.S. business operations in China, but this remains a distinct possibility. Shortages have now spread to two-thirds of Chinas provinces, affecting Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and other first-tier cities. Plants in Chinas manufacturing heartland, the Pea
11、rl River Basin and East China now experience frequent mandatory shutdowns. Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces have imposed electricity rationing. Many plants have installed costly back-up diesel generators. Shanghais demand for electricity outstrips supply by two to four million kilowatts. The tight sup
12、ply is causing price increases at the front end of the manufacturing supply chain. High energy costs are a competitive disadvantage for China in the world marketplace. Quality, quantity, and security of supply also are essential for Chinas continued economic growth. Present restrictions on the direc
13、t sale of electricity, oil, and gas to industrial users promote inefficiency and non-competitiveness. Much of the current concern with the “overheating“ of Chinas economy has been driven by the fear that the energy supply is not keeping up with the development of major energy-consuming industries. C
14、hinas rapid economic growth, especially in the construction and manufacturing sectors, is behind the electricity shortage. Chinas energy industry has doubled in absolute terms during the last ten years, but such growth has been insufficient to meet demand. It takes five to seven years to design, con
15、struct, and commission a major thermal power plant, seven to ten years to explore and develop an oilfield, and five years to develop a coalmine. All require extremely large capital investment. Despite the fact that China has the worlds second largest coal reserves and worldwide coal and coke prices
16、are at eight-year highs, supply has not been able to keep up with demand. Efforts to raise electricity production in the near term have been hampered by deficient railroad capacity, which has prevented coal from reaching power stations. While coal price cycles usually do not coincide with oil prices
17、, current high prices in both commodities have supply straining to meet demand. While China only imported 0.6 percent of world oil supplies in 1995, it now imports 3 percent of the worlds oil. China, like the United States, is becoming increasingly vulnerable to disruptions in the worlds supply of o
18、il. 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from Chinese into English. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 3 下面你将听到一段关于中国教育
19、状况的介绍。 中国人历来重视教育，实施 “独生子女 ”政策后尤为如此。中国家庭的平均教育支出约占其收入的 15%，而据中国社会调查所的一项研究成果显示，有 43%的家庭都设立了专门账户，用来支付孩子的教育费用。 近年来，私立学校也开始在中国流行起来。这些学校鼓励校方和家长共同为学校募集办学资金。现在每个在校生的教育费用有三分之一来自政府以外的渠道， 在中国，考取大学的竞争十分激烈，因而越来越多的学生 选择到国外，特别是英国深造。现在去英国深造的中国学生人数超过了任何一个西方国家。据中国驻英使馆统计，目前英国共有 6.5万名中国留学生。这些学生每年为英国大学带来高达2.5亿英镑的学费收入。 在建
20、国以来的 55年里，中国在教育方面取得了巨大的进步。据联合国称， 1949年中国的文盲率高达 80%，而到了 2002年中国的文盲率已降至 15%以下。 尽管如此，据联合国统计，中国的人均教育经费在 129个国家里仅名列第 100名。中国政府意识到，要提高这一世界排名，还需要投入更多的资源。 为了进一步提高 教育水平，中国政府计划到 2010年将教育经费增加到占国内生产总值 4%的水平。而在 10年前，教育经费只占当年国内生产总值的 2.6%。 4 下面你将听到一段题为 “说聪明 ”的论述。 聪明的人，智力发达、记忆和理解能力也强。聪明是好事，是财富，应好好利用，用于进步；用于获取知识，用于为
21、祖国为人民做好事，为大家也为自己好。应该承认，人和人不一样，有的人就是聪明。周恩来就是一个聪明的人，早在年轻的时候，他的一个同龄人就说过： “周恩来浑身都是聪明。 ” 但是，周恩来一生取得那么多伟大成就靠什么 呢 ? 靠的是努力，是刻苦，是呕心沥血，是鞠躬尽瘁，是对祖国、对党、对人民的无限忠诚。中国之大，人口之多，相信比周恩来聪明的人大有人在，但有几个能像周恩来那样永远留在人民心中呢 ? 聪明的人加上努力是最好的，是最能成功的。能做到聪明加努力的人常常并不认为自己是聪明的。相反，他总觉得自己的聪明还很不够，所以非常努力。新的发明创造无不是聪明人总结实践经验，进行反复验证，经过苦思冥想，刻苦钻研
22、出来的，而不是不费气力地依赖聪明自然而然地长出来的。 不努力，即使聪明的人也会一事无成。不努力本身就很不聪明。 由此可见，成功秘诀的首要一点还是努力而不是聪明。再说聪明又是从哪里来的呢 ?不可否认有遗传的因素，但如果一个天生聪明的孩子不上学，不进行很多后天的训练，恐怕就很难再聪明下去了。就绝大多数情况来说，人的聪明是经过后天的努力培育出来的。 2005年 5月口译二级实务真题试卷答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from Eng
23、lish into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 1 【正确答案】 中国经济一度靠国家投资重工业来维持增长，而目前零售业已日趋成为经济的增长点。 1978年开始的市场经济改革使私人经济不断扩大，而其中很大部分都集中在零 售业。随着改革使消费者的收入日益提高，国家加速了零售业的发展。服务产业的形成
24、使顾客有时也有了当 “上帝 ”的感觉。 改革前，逛街购物通常意味着对意志的考验，国营商场里那些昏昏欲睡的售货员们卖东西的积极性不高。货物的质量往往不够好，商品的摆放也是漫不经心。缺货断货是常有的事，大米、布匹、食用油都要凭票购买。那样的日子早已一去不复返了。 广义上的零售消费额估计超过 4500亿美元，并以每年 10%的速度递增。加上所有商品 17%的增值税，零售业已成为国家财政收入的主要来源之一。自 1978年以来，私营经济大 规模进入零售业。国有企业为了降低成本和赢利被迫大批裁减职工。许多下岗职工进入零售业，不少人经营小卖铺、便利店、服装店、酒吧、餐馆，甚至美容店和干洗店。 国外投资商也大
25、举进入零售市场。自 1992年以来，他们在中国的投资已超过 30亿美元。以家乐福和沃尔玛为首，约 300家外资零售商获准在中国设立 2200家连锁店。随着中国的入世，这一发展速度肯定还要加快。虽然外商在零售总额中只占2-4%，但他们对市场却产生了深远的影响。外商的存在促使国内零售企业在竞争中不断扩大规模，增强对顾客的吸引力。新来者为市场带来了 大量的商品，原来仅为精英人士和外国富人准备的外国名牌商品，现在也瞄准了中国本地的消费者。 【试题解析】 本文主要讨论中国零售业发展的情况。文章将中国市场经济改革前的情况和改革后的情况作了比较，说明中国零售业的迅速发展。文章认为国外投资商大举进入中国零售市
26、场和中国加入世贸组织会对中国零售市场产生深远影响。文章使用了大量的数字统计，以使观点更具有说服力。 本文要求考查应试者对中国零售业方面基本知识的掌握情况，包括某些专门用语、具有中国特色的表达、数字单位的换算、专有名词等的掌握情况，以确定 其翻译的基本素质，在此基础上，应试者还要在相当短的时间内对长难句理解并准确完整地翻译；对某些短语和单词确切理解其含义并能理解其在上下文语境中的确切用法，使全文的翻译不仅准确完整，而且符合本族语的语言习惯。 2 【正确答案】 供电紧张正在制约中国的经济增长，这种情况有可能还要持续三四年，直至新的发电厂投产运营。虽然能源短缺尚未严重影响美国企业在中国的运营，这种可
27、能性显然存在。电力短缺已蔓延到中国三分之二的省市，影响到北京、上海、广州和其他一级城市。位于中国制造业中心的珠江三角洲和华东的厂家正频繁遭 遇拉闸限电。 浙江和江苏两省则开始实行配额供电。不少工厂安装了昴贵的应急柴油发电机。上海市的电力缺口已达 200-400万千瓦。供电紧张引起制造业供应链上游价格上涨。高成本能源已成为中国在全球市场竞争中的一个劣势，而能源的质量、数量和供应安全对中国经济的持续增长至关重要。 目前国家限制直接向工业用户出售电力、原油和天然气的作法降低了效率和竞争力。而人们对中国 “经济过热 ”的关注很大程度上是由于担心能源不能满足主要耗能产业的发展。 中国经济的高速发展，尤其
28、是建筑业和制造业的高速发展是电力短缺的原 因所在。按绝对数字衡量，中国的能源工业较十年前翻了一番，但仍然无法满足需求。设计、建设和投产一个大型热力发电厂要 5-7年时间，勘探和开发一个油田要 7-10年时间，开发一个煤矿则需要 5年时间，而且都需要巨额的投资。 尽管中国拥有世界第二大煤炭储量，而全球煤炭和焦碳的价格正处在 8年来的新高，中国的能源供应仍未能满足需求。铁路向电厂输送燃煤的运力不是也影响到短期内提高电力生产的努力。通常，煤炭和石油的价格涨落周期不同，但目前这两种商品的价格都居高不下，使供应很难满足需求。 1995年中国石油进口仅占全球石油 供应量的 0.6%，现在这一比例已增至 3
29、%。和美国一样，中国也日益受到世界石油市场动荡的影响。 【试题解析】 本文主要讨论中国的能源形势。文章通过具体事例说明中国的电力供应情况不容乐观，并深入分析了电力紧张的原因。 本文要求考查应试者对中国电力方面基本知识的掌握 情况，包括某些专门用语、具有中国特色的表达、专有名词等的掌握情况，以确定其翻译的基本素质；在此基础上，应试者还要在相当短的时间内对长难句理解并准确完整地翻译；对某些短语和单词确切理解其含义并能理解其在上下文语境中的确切用法，使全文的翻译不仅准确完整，而且符合本族语的语言习惯。 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (50 points,
30、 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from Chinese into English. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 3 【正确答案】 The Chinese have always placed considerable value on educati
31、on, even more so since the introduction of the one-child policy. The average Chinese household spends 15 percent of its income on education, and a study by the China Social Survey Institute found 43 percent of families have set up special bank accounts to cover the cost of their childrens education.
32、 Private education has been embraced in China in recent years, and-schools and parents are encouraged to raise funds to cover costs. About a third of the cost of educating a schoolchild today comes from non-government sources. Competition for university places in China is intense and increasing numb
33、ers travel overseas for their tertiary education, especially in Britain. More Chinese students are now educated in Britain than any other country in the West. There are now more than 65,000 Chinese students in the UK, according to the Chinese Embassy in London. Chinese students contribute 250 millio
34、n pounds in fees each year to Britains universities. The country has made great strides in the 55 years since the founding of the Peoples Republic. According to the United Nations, illiteracy levels have fallen from 80 percent in 1949 to under 15 percent in 2002. Even so, it recognizes that more res
35、ources are necessary to improve on its UN ranking of 100 out of 129 nations in terms of per-capita education spending. To improve its performance further, the Chinese government plans to spend 4 percent of its GDP on education by 2010, up from 2.6 percent at the start of the decade. 【试题解析】 本文主要讨论中国目
36、前的教育状况，具体情况涉及家庭教育费用的支出 、学校形式的多样化、就学途径的多样化和中国政府在教育方面的投资和努力等方面。 本题要求应试者在较短时间内将文章各部分中译英。这需要应试者迅速对涉及该议题的术语、专有名词和复杂的数字单位作出反应，即考查应试者的基本素质情况。该文也要求应试者在听到某一中文句子时，迅速考虑使用何种符合英文习惯的句型结构或如何将若干中文句合并为一个英文句。在解决句子主要结构的基础上，该文还要求考查应试者对具体单词或短语的理解和翻译，如何使之通顺流畅。 4 【正确答案】 When we describe someone as smart, we mean to say th
37、at he is intelligent, has a powerful memory and can quickly understand things. It is good to be smart, as it is an asset that we can put to good use, such as achieving progress, acquiring knowledge, serving the country and the people, and making life better for ourselves and others as well. We have
38、to admit that people are different from one another, and some are really smart. Zhou Enlai, for example, was a smart person. When he was still very young, one of his peers said that Zhou was every inch a genius. But, what made him a man of many great achievements? He became such a man with his hard
39、work, strenuous efforts, complete devotion and dedication to the last breath, and his bound less love and loyalty to the country, the Party and the people he served. Given Chinas vast expanse and huge population, there must be persons who are smarter than Zhou Enlai. Yet how many of them have left a
40、 profound memory in peoples hearts and minds as Zhou Enlai? It would be best if a smart person could complement his smartness with hard work, which is the surest path to success. But those who can do this often do not regard themselves as smart. On the contrary, they feel that they are not nearly as
41、 smart and still need to work really hard. New inventions have invariably come out of the strenuous research of the smart people who summarized their experience, tried repeatedly and thought deeply. And none of them has grown naturally and effortlessly out of pure smartness. Without hard work, even
42、a smart person cannot accomplish anything. Not trying to work hard is in itself not a smart thing to do. Success lies, first and foremost, in hard work, not smartness. After all, where does smartness come from? One cannot deny the hereditary element. But if a smart boy should be denied of schooling,
43、 and all the training that he would have as he grows up, I am afraid his smartness would not last long. In most circumstances, however, a persons smartness is acquired through his hard work. 【试题解析】 本文讨论什么是真正的聪明，文章从聪明的优势谈起，以举例和对比的方法深化主题，最后文章的落脚点是本文最后一句话，即人的聪明是经过后天的努力培育出来的。 本文是一篇议论文，谈论的主题也是较为普通常见的，因此不涉及专门术语，只需有普通常识即可，但本文要求考查应试者在短时间内使用恰当英文结构和地道英文词汇的能力。总之，此文的翻译将显示口译者的英文功底。
