1、2005年 5月笔译二级实务真题试卷及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 It was one of those days that the peasant fishermen on this tributary of the Amazon River dream about. With water levels falling rapidly at the peak of the dry season, a giant school of bass, a tasty fish that fetches a good pri
2、ce at markets, was swimming right into the nets being cast from a dozen small canoes here. “With a bit of luck, you can make $350 on a day like this,“ Lauro Souza Almeida, a leader of the local fishermens cooperative, exulted as he moved into position. “That is a fortune for people like us,“ he said
3、, the equivalent of four months at the minimum wage earned by those fortunate enough to find work. But hovering nearby was a large commercial fishing vessel, a “mother boat“ equipped with large ice chests for storage and hauling more than a dozen smaller craft. The crew on board was just waiting for
4、 the remainder of the fish to move into the rivers main channel, where they intended to scoop up as many as they could with their efficient gill nets. A symbol of abundance to the rest of the world, the Amazon is experiencing a crisis of overfishing. As stocks of the most popular species diminish to
5、 worrisome levels, tensions are growing between subsistence fishermen and their commercial rivals, who are eager to enrich their bottom line and satisfy the growing appetite for fish of city-dwellers in Brazil and abroad. In response, peasants up and down the Amazon, here in Brazil and in neighborin
6、g countries like Peru, are forming cooperatives to control fish catches and restock their rivers and lakes. But that effort, increasingly successful, has only encouraged the commercial fishing operations, as well as some of the peasants less disciplined neighbors, to step up their depredations. “The
7、 industrial fishing boats, the big 20-to 30-ton vessels, they have a different mentality than us artisanal fishermen, who have learned to take the protection of the environment into account,“ said the president of the local fishermens union. “They want to sweep everything up with their dragnets and
8、then move on, benefiting from our work and sacrifice and leaving us with nothing.“ SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points) 2 Ever since the economist David Ricardo offered the basic theory in 1817, economic scripture has taught that open tradefree of tariffs, quotas, subsidies or other government
9、 distortionsimproves the well-being of both parties. U.S. policy has implemented this doctrine with a vengeance. Why is free trade said to be universally beneficial? The answer is a doctrine called “comparative advantage“. Heres a simple analogy. If a surgeon is highly skilled both at doing operatio
10、ns and per forming routine blood tests, its more efficient for the surgeon to concentrate on the surgery and pay a less efficient technician to do the tests, since that allows the surgeon to make the most efficient use of her own time. By extension, even if the United States is efficient both at inv
11、enting advanced biotechnologies and at the routine manufacture of medicines, it makes sense for the United States to let the production work migrate to countries that can make the stuff more cheaply. Americans get the benefit of the cheaper products and get to spend their resources on even more valu
12、able pursuits. That, anyway, has always been the premise. But here Samuelson dissents. What if the lower wage country also captures the advanced industry? If enough higher-paying jobs are lost by American workers to outsourcing, he calculates, then the gain from the cheaper prices may not compensate
13、 for the loss in U.S. purchasing power. “Free trade is not always a win-win situation,“ Samuelson concludes. It is particularly a problem, he says, in a world where large countries with far lower wages, like India and China, are increasingly able to make almost any product or offer almost any servic
14、e performed in the United States. If America trades freely with them, then the powerful drag of their far lower wages will begin dragging down U.S. average wages. The U.S. economy may still grow, he calculates, but at a lower rate than it otherwise would have. 3 Ugandas eagerness for genuine develop
15、ment is reflected in its schoolchildrens smiles and in the fact that so many children are now going to school. Since 1997, when the government began to provide universal primary education, total primary enrollment had risen from 3 million to 7.6 million in 2004. Schools have opened where none existe
16、d before, although there is some way to go in reaching the poorest areas of the country. Uganda has also made strides in secondary and higher education, to the point that it is attracting many students from other countries. At the secondary level, enrollment is above 700,000, with the private sector
17、 providing the majority of schools. For those who want to take their education further, there are 12 private universities in addition to the four publicly funded institutions, together providing 75,000 places. Education is seen as a vital component in the fight against poverty. The battle for better
18、 health is another, although it is one that will take longer to win in a country that carries a high burden of disease, including malaria and AIDS. Here, the solutions can only arise from a combination of international support and government determination to continue spending public money on prevent
19、ive care and better public health information. Current government plans include recruiting thousands of nurses, increasing the availability of drugs and building 200 new maternity units. Ugandas high rate of population growth, at 3.6 percent per annum, poses a special challenge in the fight against
20、poverty, says Finance Minister Gerald Ssendaula, who points out that the fertility rate, at 6.9 children per female, is the highest in Africa. The governments newly revised Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP) puts the “restoration of security“ at the top of the current government agenda. This is
21、because it estimates that Uganda has lost 3 percent of its gross domestic product each year that the conflict has persisted. Displaced people are not only a financial burden, they are unable to contribute to the economy. The other core challenges identified by the revised PEAP are finding ways to ke
22、ep the lowest income growing, improving the quality of education, giving people more control over the size of their families and using public resources transparently and efficiently. It is a document that other poor countries could learn from. SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 4 矿产资源是自然资源
23、的重要组成部分，是人类社会发展的重要物质基础。中国是世界上最早开发利用矿产资源的国家之一。过去 50年来，中国在矿产资源勘探开发方面取得巨大成就。这为中国经济的持续、快速、健康发展提供了重要保障。 中国政府高度重视可持续发展和矿产资源的合理利用，把可持续发展确定为国家战略，把保护资源作为可持续发展战略的重要内容。 中国是一个人口众多、资源相对不足的发展中国家。中国主要依靠本国的矿产资源来保障现代化建设的需要。同时，中国又积极引进国外资本和技术开发中国矿产资源，利 用国外市场与国外矿产资源，并努力推动中国矿山企业和矿产品进入国际市场。 SECTION 2 Optional Translation
24、 (20 points) 5 众所周知，鸟无翅膀不能飞，人无双腿不能走。但对尹小星而言，鸟无翅膀不能飞，人无双腿却能走 ! 1970年出生于江苏一户农民家庭的尹小星，出生仅 8个月就患小儿麻痹症并发急性肺炎。虽然最终保住了命，他却再也不能站立。因为身体残疾，初中毕业后小星不得不辍学。生存的压力对他来说显得格外沉重，他贩过水果，养过鸡，还下工夫学习过中医 。 在他 21岁的时候，这个年轻人竟怀揣一幅地图，手持一个指南针，摇着轮椅踏上了走遍全中国的艰难路途。 近 12年来小星手摇轮椅，足迹遍布 31个省、市、自治区，行程 7万多公里，用坏了 4部轮椅。他实现了徒手攀登泰山、华山、衡山等 20多座名
25、山，孤身翻越海拔 5231米的唐古拉山，手摇轮椅走过丝绸之路，穿越塔克拉玛干 (Taklimakan)大沙漠，徒手攀登上海东方明珠电视塔，圆满完成从沙漠到香港的旅行。 6 长城是世界一大奇迹。现在，每年都有几百万人到长城游览。在旺季，几处最著名的景点总是 让成群结队的游客挤得水泄不通。 中国人修筑城墙的历史久远，可以追溯到战国时期。历史上，中国共修过大约20座长城。在所有这些长城中，明长城最长，达到 6700公里。在当时，中国技术在世界上处于领先地位，因此明长城的结构也是最复杂的。明长城的修筑是为了抵御北方游牧民族的入侵。 清朝建立后，由于它的建立者本身也是游牧民族，他们觉得没有必要继续修筑长
26、城。不过，清政府还是颁布法令对长城进行保护，禁止拆砖。但是，岁月的流逝和连续战乱使人们易到之处遭到了严重的破坏。 十几年来，蓬勃发展的旅游业促进了 长城的修缮工程。 目前，多处长城已经修复，或正在修缮中。 2005年 5月笔译二级实务真题试卷答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 【正确答案】 在亚马逊河的这一支流上捕鱼的农民就希望遇上那天的情况。 旱季最缺水的时候，河面迅速下降，一大群鲈鱼正游进从十几只小船上撒下的网里。鲈鱼味道鲜美，能在市场上卖个好价钱。 “要是运气不错，赶上今天这种情况，就能挣 350美元， ”劳鲁 ?苏扎
27、 ?阿尔梅达说道。他是当地渔 民合作社的一位负责人。他一边兴高采烈地说着，一边摆好了架式准备干活。他说： “对我们这样的人来说，这可是一大笔钱呀。 ”因为就算一个人运气好，能找到工作，按最低工资计算，要四个月才能挣这么些钱。 然而就在不远的地方，有一只大型商业渔船在游弋，那是一只 “母船 ”，备有巨大的储藏冰柜，还拖着十几只小船。船员都在船上等候，等到剩余的鱼进入主河道以后，他们就用高效率的刺网进行捕捞，能捞多少，就捞多少。 亚马逊河在世界上是物产丰富的标志，但它现在正经受一场过量捕鱼的危机。随着人们最喜爱的各种鱼类数量日渐减少 ，到了令人担忧的地步，靠打鱼糊口的渔民和他们商业对手之间的紧张关
28、系也日益加剧，因为这些对手一心想着装满自己的船舱，以满足巴西乃至国外城里人越来越大的吃鱼胃口。 针对这种情况，亚马逊河沿岸的农民群众，在巴西境内也好，在秘鲁等邻国也好，纷纷成立合作社，以求控制捕鱼量，增加河湖中鱼的数量。但是，这方面的努力虽日见成效，却促使那些为商业目的而捕鱼的机构以及附近一些不大守规矩的农民加紧进行掠夺。 “那些工业化的渔船，二、三十吨位的，他们的想法跟我们这些靠手工操作的渔民不一样，我们懂得考虑怎样保护环境， ”当地的渔业工会主席说道。 “他们想用拖网一网打尽，然后又上别处去打。我们出力，他们受益，弄得我们一无所有。 ” 【试题解析】 1 It was one of tho
29、se days that the peasant fishermen on this tributary of the Amazon River dream about在亚马逊河的这一支流上捕鱼的农民就希望遇上那天的情况。 用词选词采分点。 days不是指 “天气 ”，而是指各方面的综合情况，如果把 one of those days译成“那天那样的日子 ”就太别扭了， “那天的情况 ”最符合汉语习惯。 dream about梦见某事物，这里是农民梦想的东西，所以最好译成 “希望遇上 ”。 2 With water levels falling rapidly at the peak of t
30、he dry season, a giant school of bass, a tasty fish that fetches a good price at markets, was swimming right into the nets being cast from a dozen small canoes here旱季最缺水的时候，河面迅速下降，一大群鲈鱼正游进从十几只小船上撒下的网里。鲈鱼味道鲜美，能在市场上卖个好价钱。 理解结构采分点。 此句采用分译法。介词短语 with water levels falling rapidly at the peak of the dry s
31、eason在原文中作状语，可译为时间状语从句。 a tasty fish that fetches a good price at markets是前面 bass的同位语，翻译时，可放在整个长句后面，单独翻译。另外，这个同位语从句可分译成两个汉语的分句：鲈鱼味道鲜美 (a tasty fish)，能在市场上卖个好价钱 (that fetches a good price at markets)。要把 water levels falling(水面下降 )译为 “河面下降 ”，因为上下文讲的是亚马逊河，所以，译成 “河面下降 ”更好。 at the peak of the dry season最
32、符合汉语习惯表达方式是 “旱季最缺水的时候 ” 而不是 “旱季的高峰 ”。 school(鱼、鲸等的 )群： a school of mackerel一群鲭鱼。 3 move into position摆好了架式准备干活 理解结构采分点。 move into position如译成 “进入阵地 ”，不符合语境，原文中渔业协会的负责人边说话边 “就位 ”(exulted as he moved into position)，也就是 “准备干活 ”，直译不符合汉语的表达法。 4 “That is a fortune for people like us,“ he said, the equival
33、ent of four months at the minimum wage earned by those fortunate enough to find work，他说； “对我们这样的人来说，这可是一大笔钱呀。 ”因为就算一个人运气好，能找到工作，按最低工资计算，要四个月才能挣这么些钱。 理解结构采分点。 把原文中的短晤 the equivalent of four months at the minimum wage earned by those fortunate enough to find work译成一个表原因的从句。采用断句法，把小的原文短语译成汉语的几个动宾结构 (就算
34、一个人运气好，能找到工作，按最低工资计算，要四个月才能挣这么些钱 )。采用增词法对原文进行补充说明，使汉语语句能够通顺易懂，如，译文中的 “就算；一个人；计算 ”都是增词。 5 But hovering nearby was a large commercial fishing vessel, a “mother boat“ equipped with large ice chests for storage and hauling more than a dozen smaller craft然而就在不远的地方，有一只大型商业渔船在游弋，那是一只 “母船 ”，备有巨大的储藏冰柜，还拖着十几只
35、小船。 理解结构采分点。 原文是一个简单句，由 equipped和 hauling两个词引导的过去分词短语和现在分词短语作定语，但译文不沿用定语结构，而是译成并列结构，由 a “mother boat”(那是一只 “母船 ”)充当其主语。 6 The crew on board was just waiting for the remainder of the fish to move into the rivers main channel, where they intended to scoop up as many as they could with their efficient
36、gill nets船员都在船上等候，等到剩余的鱼进入主河道以后，他们就用高效率的刺网进行捕捞，能捞多少，就捞多少。 理解结构采分点。 原句是一个定语从句，但从句子的意思判断，首先 应该译成状语从句，即 “以后 ”，其次，要把原文的主句译成汉语的从句，原文中 where部分的从句在译文中译成主句。习惯搭配 the remainder意为 “剩余部分；剩下的人、事物或时间 ”：Then a dozen people came but the remainder stayed away来了十来个人，其余的没来。 7 As stocks of the most popular species dimi
37、nish to worrisome levels, tensions are growing between subsistence fishermen and their commercial rivals, who are eager to enrich their bottom line and satisfy the growing appetite for fish of city-dwellers in Brazil and abroad随着人们最喜爱的各种鱼类数量日渐减少，到了令人担忧的地步，靠打鱼糊口的渔民和他们商业对手之间的紧张关系也日益加剧，因为这些对手一心想着装满自己的船
38、 舱，以满足巴西乃至国外城里人越来越大的吃鱼胃口。 理解结构采分点。 原文是一个包含一个时间状语从句和一个非限制性定语从句的复合句。在译文中，时间状语从句没变，但要把其中 to引导的表示程度的介词短语 (to worrisome levels)译为一个单独的短句。而 who引导的非限定性定语从句译成一个表原因的状语从句，这是根据汉语的习惯作出的调整，这种情况在翻译中尤其常见，需要译者多加留心和注意运用。 8 In response, peasants up and down the Amazon, here in Brazil and in neighboring countries like
39、 Peru, are forming cooperatives to control fish catches and restock their rivers and lakes针对这种情况，亚马逊河沿岸的农民群众，在巴西境内也好，在秘鲁等邻国也好，纷纷成立合作社，以求控制捕鱼量，增加河湖中鱼的数量。 用词选词采分点。 fish catches指 “捕鱼量 ”。 restock their rivers and lakes应该采用增词法，添加“鱼的数量 ”，译成 “增加河湖中鱼的数量 ”以便意思表达完整。 9 “The industrial fishing boats, the big 20
40、-to 30-ton vessels, they have a different mentality than us artisanal fishermen, who have learned to take the protection of the environment into account,“ said the president of the local fishermens union “They want to sweep everything up with their dragnets and then move on, benefiting from our work
41、 and sacrifice and leaving us with nothing.”“那些工业化的渔船，二、三十吨位的，他们的想法跟我们这些靠手工操作的渔民不一样，我们懂得考虑怎样保护环境， ”当地的渔业工会主席说 道。 “他们想用拖网一网打尽，然后又上别处去打。我们出力，他们受益，弄得我们一无所有。 ” 理解结构采分点。 who引导的是定语从句，但应该译成并列句。原句中的两个分词短语 benefiting from. and leaving us.应该分别译成两个独立的句子。英汉句子结构的差异是，英语句子结构紧凑，汉语句子结构较松散，一个句子中有多个小短句。因此，在英译汉时要多注意原文和
42、译文句式的差异，以符合目标语的习惯。 10 .they have a different mentality than us artisanal fishermen.他们的想法跟我们这些靠手工操作的渔民不一样。 用词选词采分点。 mentality不宜直译成 “思想方法 ”； artisanal也不应译成 “技工 ”，而是 “靠手工操作的 ”更贴切。 SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points) 2 【正确答案】 自从经济学家李嘉图于 1817年提出基本理论以来，经济学方面的经典著作都说自由贸易免除关税、限额和补贴，也没有政府的其它小动作，因 此会增加双
43、方的利益。美国的政策是不遗余力地实行这一理论。为什么说自由贸易可以使大家普遍受益呢 ? 这可以在所谓 “相对优势 ”的理论中找到答案。 打个简单的比方，假如一位外科医生，既擅长动手术，又会做常规的验血工作，要取得较好的效益，就应让她集中精力做手术，同时雇一个能力较差的技术员去搞化验，因为这样就能让这位外科医生最有效地利用自己的时间。 引申而言，虽然美国既擅长发明高级的牛物技术，又精干日常的药品生产，明智的做法还是把药品生产从美国转移至生产费用更低的国家。这样，美国人就可以一方面因廉价产品 获利，一方面把自己的资源用来从事更有价值的事业。这一向就是讨论问题的前提。但是现在萨缪尔森却提出了不同的看
44、法。如果低工资国家也掌握了先进的产业，怎么办 ? 据他估计，假如把过多的美国工人失去的较高工资的工作包到国外去，美国从廉价商品的获益不见得能补偿它购买力下降造成的损失。 萨缪尔森断言： “自由贸易并不总是一种双赢的局面。 ”他说，当今世界这个问题尤其突出。因为像印度和中国这样的大国，它们的工资低得多，可是他们的能力又在不断提高，美国能生产的产品，他们几乎都能生产，美国能提供的服务，他们也几乎都 能够提供。 假如美国与这些国家进行自由贸易，它们低得多的工资产生的巨大影响就会把美国的平均工资往下拉。据他推算，美国的经济仍然会增长，不过比应有的增长速度要低。 【试题解析】 1 Ever since
45、the economist David Ricardo offered the basic theory in 1817, economic scripture has taught that open tradefree of tariffs, quotas, subsidies or other government distortionsimproves the well-being of both parties自从经济学家李嘉图于 1817年提出基本理论以来，经济学方面的经典著作都说自由贸易免除关税、限额和补贴，也没有政府的其它小动作，因此会增加双方的利益。 用词选词采分点。 ope
46、n trade是专门术语，应译成 “自由贸易 ”；如果把句中的 distortion译成 “曲解，歪曲事实的做法 ”在文中意思不通，应意译为 “小动作 ”；根据语境判断， party在这里是 “一方 ”。 2 with a vengeance不遗余力地。 理解结构采分点。 固定短语 with a vengeance指 “激烈地、过度的 ”，跟 vengeance的原意 “报仇 ”无关。 3 Why is free trade said to be universally beneficial? The answer is a doctrine called “comparative advan
47、tage“为什么说自由贸易可以使大家普遍受益呢 ?这可以在所谓 “相对优势 ”的理论中找到答案。 理解结构采分点。 句中的 is said to不能翻译成 “被说成 ” 加上 “被 ”字，是错译，也不符合汉语习惯；根据语境， “comparative advantage”要译成 “相对优势 ”，而不是 “对比优势 ”。 4 by extension引申而言。 理解结构采分点。 根据上下文，上文中说到医生会做的事，然后谈论美国政府也应该这样，可见这里 by extension是起过渡作用的。应译成 “引申而言 ”，也可以译为 “换句话说；这也就是说 ”等。 5 what if. 如果 怎么办 ?
48、 理解结构采分点。 what if.等于 what would happen if. 6 If enough higher-paying jobs are lost by American workers to outsourcing, he calculates, then the gain from the cheaper prices may not compensate for the loss in U.S. purchasing power据他估 计，假如把过多的美国工人失去的较高工资的工作包到国外去，美国从廉价商品的获益不见得能补偿它购买力下降造成的损失。 用词选词采分点。 ou
49、tsourcing(以立约方式 )将工作包出去，这里指的是 “让外国人来担当美国人失去的高薪职位。 ”在翻译 U.S. purchasing power时，应该采用增词法，加上 “下降 ”两字，才能把原文的意思表达完整。 7 a win-win situation 基本素质采分点。 这就是平常说的 “双赢 ”，也就是说双方都可以获利，根据字面意思，我 们也可以推断的出来。生活中有好多的较为流行的话语大多是直译过来的，如：禽流感bird flu；所以我们布考试过程中要勤于推敲，但平时要尽量作到准确。 8 It is particularly a problem, he says, in a world where large countries with far lower wages, like India and China, are increasingly able to make almost any product or offer almost any service performed in the United States他说，当今世界这个问题尤其突出。因为像印度和中国这样的大国，它们的工资低得多，可是他们的能力又在
