1、2005年湖北省考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Today, a high-level finance manager is just as likely to be a casual-looking 21-year-old as a balding executive. They have all either started their own companies or headed a division within an existing firm. Most are under 30. Many of them share a te
2、ndency to think, speak and act fast. A detailed psychological study carried out recently on young business start-uppers aged over 25 revealed some common characteristics. The head psychologist at the University of Northumbria, Dr.Martyn Dyer-Smith, says “We found that they are opportunists. They hav
3、e that entrepreneurial ability to take whatever is in front of them and turn it to their advantage. Any fool can make US $ 2 if they are in the right place at the right time; what is much harder is to actually plan their business. Originally I had a hypothesis that they planned a long time ahead, bu
4、t I was wrong. What I came across was a surprisingly short planning time. They took the opportunities when they came up.“ What cannot be underestimated, though, is self-confidence. “There is an amazing, almost abnormal, belief in themselves and(they)go very much on intuition.“ Says Dyer-Smith. While
5、 there is no typical pattern to what puts someone in the fast lane, there are some common threads: living up to the expectations of parents, channeling excessive amounts of energy into business, or finding a way to overcome personal barriers such as dyslexia(a reading disability)or learning difficul
6、ties, for example. The biggest surprise was the lack of young women. This was particularly unexpected, given the recent publicity about how girls are performing better than boys at school and becoming more confident and ambitious. But young women are opting for more secure careers rather than gambli
7、ng with their future. With only a handful of female role models, some girls are not even considering being their own boss, let alone working on a concept fresh out of school, according to Dr. Susan Vinnicombe, director of the Center for the Development of Women Business Leader. “Women are going more
8、 into the corporate structure and doing well there. But perhaps the reason that they are not doing business for themselves at an earlier age is because womens attitudes are different. They perceive risk in a different way to men, who are not worried about borrowing huge amounts of money if its going
9、 to help their business in the long term. Women are more cautious and more hesitant,“ she says. Vinnicombe sees the lack of female entrepreneurs as part of a larger problem about women and the IT industry. Given that the computer world is one of the key areas for growth, where youth is an asset, it
10、is “ remarkable“ that so many women are missing out on it. “The number of women in IT has actually dropped in the past 10 years. There is a real problem with attracting them to the IT industry, as girls dont seem to want to do it at university. Its become such a worrying issue that I know the govern
11、ment is looking into ways to attract them.“ 1 What is the passage mainly about? （ A） Lack of young managers alt over the world. （ B） Features of high-level finance managers. （ C） Origins of the decline in female-dominated industry. （ D） Aims of a young woman fresh out of school. 2 Which of the follo
12、wing does not account for the success of the young businessmen? （ A） They never hesitate to take full advantage of the approaching opportunities. （ B） They have a strong confidence in their own abilities. （ C） They often base their work on long-term planning. （ D） They deal well with their personal
13、advantages. 3 What is suggested as a reason for the shortage of businesswomen? （ A） Girls do not perform so well as boys at school. （ B） Most companies are reluctant to employ women. （ C） Banks often refuse to give women large loans. （ D） Women are very worried about the risk-taking in their careers
14、. 4 From the passage we can learn that_. （ A） some managers are very young but already have their own business （ B） some managers are as casual and irresponsible as energetic young people （ C） the government is concerned about the lack of women in such a field as IT （ D） IT remains a minor area for
15、growth 5 The passage shows that the author is_the present situation. （ A） critical of （ B） amazed at （ C） disappointed at （ D） puzzled by 5 Once upon a time, innovation at Procter but many hereditary attributes never become manifest because of environmental and behavioral forces which act before the
16、 genetic forces come to maturity, and other hereditary attributes are increasingly being palliated by medical care. No other country spends what we do per capita for medical care. The care available is among the best technically, even if used too lavishly and thus dangerously, but none of the countr
17、ies which stand above us in health status have such a high proportion of medically disenfranchised persons. Given the evidence that medical care is not that valuable and access to care not that bad, it seems most unlikely that our bad showing is caused by the significant proportion who are poorly se
18、rved. Other hypotheses have greater explanatory power: excessive poverty, both actual and relative, and excessive affluence. Excessive poverty is probably more prevalent in the US than in any of the countries that have a better infant mortality rate and female life expectancy at birth. This is proba
19、bly true also for all but four or five of the countries with longer mate tire expectancy. In the notably poor countries that exceed us in male survival, difficult living conditions are a more accepted way of life and in several of them, a good basic diet, basic medical care and basic education, and
20、lifelong employment opportunities are an everyday fact of life. In the US a national unemployment level of 10 percent may be 20 percent in the ghetto(黑人居住地 )while less than 4 percent elsewhere. The countries that have surpassed us in health do not have such severe or entrenched problems. Nor are suc
21、h a high proportion of their people involved in them. Excessive affluence is not so obvious a cause of ill health, but, at least until recently, few other nations could afford such unhealthful ways of living. Excessive intake of animal protein and fats, dangerous imbibing of alcohol and use of tobac
22、co and drugs(prescribed and proscribed), and dangerous recreational sports and driving habits are all possible only because of affluence. Our heritage, desires, opportunities, and our machismo, combined with the relatively low cost of bad foods and speedy vehicles, make us particularly vulnerable to
23、 our affluence. And those who are not affluent try harder. Our unacceptable health status, then, will not be improved appreciably by expanded medical resources nor by their redistribution so much as by a general attempt to improve the quality of life for all. 16 All of the following are mentioned in
24、 the passage as factors affecting the health of the population EXCEPT_. （ A） the availability of medical care services （ B） the genetic endowment of individuals （ C） the nations relative position in health status （ D） an individuals own behavior 17 The author is primarily concerned with_. （ A） conde
25、mning the US for its failure to provide better medical care to the poor （ B） evaluating the relative significance of factors contributing to the poor health status in the US （ C） providing information which the reader can use to improve his or her personal health （ D） comparing the health status of
26、the US population with that of the world averages 18 The author refers to excessive intake of alcohol and tobacco and drug use in order to_. （ A） show that some health problems cannot be attacked by better medical care （ B） demonstrate that use of tobacco and intoxicants is detrimental care （ C） cit
27、e examples of individual behavior which have adverse consequences for health status （ D） illustrate ways in which affluence may contribute to poor health status 19 In discussing the forces that influence health, the author implies that medical care services are （ A） the least important of all. （ B）
28、a special aspect of an individuals environment. （ C） a function of an individuals behavior pattern. （ D） becoming less important as technology improves. 20 What will most probably follow this passage? （ A） Lists of the most common causes of death among male and female adults. （ B） Suggestions for de
29、tailed proposals to improve the quality of life. （ C） A study of the over-crowding in urban hospitals in America. （ D） An explanation of the causes for poverty in America. 二、 Structure and Vocabulary 21 The poor reception on your TV is probably due to outside_. （ A） intervention （ B） interruption （
30、C） interception （ D） interference 22 He couldnt explain the problem well, as he had only a(n)_knowledge of the subject. （ A） elementary （ B） rudimentary （ C） inceptive （ D） initial 23 Although Lucy was slimming, she found cakes quite_. （ A） irremovable （ B） irresistible （ C） irrefutable （ D） irrepre
31、ssible 24 The border incident led to the two countries_diplomatic relations. （ A） breaking off （ B） breaking up （ C） cutting off （ D） cutting up 25 The conditions can be well imagined when one small settlement is expected to_10,000 families. （ A） populate （ B） dwell （ C） house （ D） reside 26 The com
32、pletion of the new Town Hall has been_owing to a strike. （ A） held on （ B） held up （ C） held down （ D） held off 27 Wolves are said to howl at the moon when it is_. （ A） round （ B） complete （ C） full （ D） whole 28 The teacher was_both in his marking of homework and also in his treatment of offenders.
33、 （ A） merciful （ B） forgiving （ C） pitiful （ D） lenient 29 We shall have to_if we want to go to Florida this summer. （ A） lay up （ B） save up （ C） make off （ D） put away 30 They are always ready to_heavy responsibilities. （ A） take in （ B） take on （ C） put on （ D） put in 31 Ive told you_that you can
34、not go out and play until youve finished your homework. （ A） once and for all （ B） to all intents （ C） all the way （ D） in all respects 32 He reminded me of what I should_have forgotten. （ A） moreover （ B） otherwise （ C） nevertheless （ D） notwithstanding 33 Directly he saw her, he fell_in love. （ A）
35、 from head to foot （ B） head over heels （ C） head and shoulders （ D） toe to toe 34 Charles II was another monarch_maligned by Victorian historians. （ A） much （ B） very （ C） greatly （ D） deeply 35 We have to_our hope of reaching the production target this year. （ A） release （ B） retract （ C） resign （
36、 D） abandon 36 Urban congestion would be greatly relieved if only the_charged on public transport were more reasonable. （ A） prices （ B） tickets （ C） fees （ D） tariffs 37 Were_by mosquitoes up here in the north in summer. （ A） infested （ B） infected （ C） swarmed （ D） plagued 38 Henrys news report co
37、vering the conference was so_that nothing had been omitted. （ A） understanding （ B） comprehensible （ C） comprehensive （ D） understandable 39 Some television programs have to be fundamentally changed on account of an industrial_. （ A） row （ B） affray （ C） dispute （ D） handling 40 A short but heavy sh
38、ower brought the_to a halt and everybody went home. （ A） procedure （ B） process （ C） proceedings （ D） profession 41 The National Institute of Mental Health is conducting_research to determine the psychological effects of using drugs. （ A） extensive （ B） refined （ C） prevalent （ D） out-going 42 The s
39、ales of the book by the famous writer continue to_like a run away balloon. （ A） leap （ B） approach （ C） advance （ D） soar 43 The newly designed zoom has overcome distortion previously_in a zoom of this range. （ A） inherent （ B） genetic （ C） coherent （ D） generic 44 The Spanish temperament is_from th
40、at of the Portuguese. （ A） delicate （ B） distant （ C） distinct （ D） definite 45 Language, culture, and personality may be considered_of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact. （ A） indistinctly （ B） separately （ C） irrelevantly （ D） independently 46 Mrs. White has been living in tow
41、n for only one year, but she seems to be_with everyone who comes to the store. （ A） acknowledged （ B） admitted （ C） admired （ D） acquainted 47 Regular use of this moistening cream will help to_the rough, dry condition of your skin. （ A） alleviate （ B） abstract （ C） evaporate （ D） abbreviate 48 The j
42、udge ruled that the evidence was inadmissible on the grounds that it was_to the issue at hand. （ A） irrational （ B） unreasonable （ C） invalid （ D） irrelevant 49 The lost car of the Lees was found_in the woods off the highway. （ A） vanished （ B） deserted （ C） scattered （ D） rejected 50 The music arou
43、sed an_feeling of homesickness in them. （ A） intensive （ B） introspective （ C） intimate （ D） intense 三、 Cloze 50 When Donald arrived for his first group-therapy session he was in a wheelchair, suffering from malignant melanoma and severely depressed. But after he spent six months sharing stories and
44、 good times with other cancer【 C1】 _and learning relaxation techniques, his mood had improved considerably and【 C2】 _had his condition【 C3】 _his attitude brightened, an important change took【 C4】_inside his body: an increase in the activity of his “natural killer cells“, a crucial link in the immune
45、【 C5】 _. By years end, though he still had cancer, Donald was able to dance for his group. 【 C6】 _role, if any, does emotions play in【 C7】 _or curing illness? The question is older【 C8】 _western medicine, but it has been given new importance by modern sciences discovery of innovative【 C9】 _to measur
46、e the minds impact【 C10】 _. the bodys health. Scientists are studying whether, and to what【 C11】_disease call be affected by the use of【 C12】 _mind-body techniques as meditation, yoga, group therapy, guided imagery(visualizing the desired effect) 【 C13】_relaxation. There is little question that we c
47、an alter the course of diseasess【 C14】 _manipulating psychological factors.【 C15】 _to make this knowledge useful to physicians, we need to understand the mechanisms. When researchers can pin【 C16】 _the appropriate clinical uses for mind-body therapies, the result will be a revolution in medical【 C17
48、】 _. For many patients, the【 C18】 _has already begun. Increasingly, people are using mind-body therapies on their own, even【 C19】 _seeking conventional medical treatment. Stories of seemingly miraculous recoveries may grab the publics attention but the real work is being【 C20】 _quietly and out of si
49、ght. In laboratories around the world, medical researchers are exploring the mind body connection, separating myth from reality, intuition from fact, belief from science. 51 【 C1】 52 【 C2】 53 【 C3】 54 【 C4】 55 【 C5】 56 【 C6】 57 【 C7】 58 【 C8】 59 【 C9】 60 【 C10】 61 【 C11】 62 【 C12】 63 【 C13】 64 【 C14】
