1、2008年职称英语（理工类） B级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 She found me very dull. （ A） dirty （ B） sleepy （ C） lazy （ D） boring 2 The President made a brief visit to Beijing. （ A） short （ B） working （ C） formal （ D） secret 3 He was persuaded to give
2、 up the idea. （ A） mention （ B） accept （ C） consider （ D） drop 4 Jack consumes a pound of cheese a day. （ A） eats （ B） drinks （ C） buys （ D） produces 5 Mary just told us a very fascinating story. （ A） strange （ B） frightening （ C） difficult （ D） interesting 6 Its a gorgeous day anyway. （ A） lovely （
3、 B） cold （ C） normal （ D） rainy 7 Her life is becoming more diverse. （ A） generous （ B） humorous （ C） varied （ D） romantic 8 Foreign military aid was prolonging the war. （ A） broadening （ B） worsening （ C） extending （ D） accelerating 9 She was unwilling to go but she had no choice. （ A） unable （ B）
4、indecisive （ C） ready （ D） reluctant 10 She is slender, with delicate wrists and ankles. （ A） sick （ B） weak （ C） slim （ D） pale 11 With immense relief, I stopped running. （ A） some （ B） enormous （ C） little （ D） extensive 12 The scientists began to accumulate data. （ A） collect （ B） handle （ C） ana
5、lyze （ D） investigate 13 Jack eventually overtook the last truck. （ A） hit （ B） passed （ C） reached （ D） led 14 Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance. （ A） possible （ B） profitable （ C） easy （ D） wise 15 The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle. （ A） fact （ B） mystery （ C
6、） statement （ D） game 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 The Need to Remember Some people say they have no memory at all: “I just cant remember a thing!“ But of course we all have a memory. Our memory tells us
7、 who we are. Our memory helps us to make use In the present of what we have learnt in the past. in fact we have different types of memory. For example, our visual memory helps us recall facts and places. Some people have such a strong visual memory, they can remember exactly what they have seen, for
8、 example, pages of a book, as a complete picture. Our verbal (言语的 ) memory helps us remember words and figures we may have heard but not seen or written: items of a shopping list, a chemical formula, dates, or a recipe. With our emotional (情感的 ) memory, we recall situations or places where we had st
9、rong feelings, perhaps of happiness or unhappiness. We also have special memories for smell, taste, touch and sound, and for performing physical movements. We have two ways of storing any of these memories. Our short-term memory stores items for up to thirty seconds enough to remember a telephone nu
10、mber while we dial. Our long-term memory, on the other hand, may store items for a lifetime. Older people in fact have a much better long-term memory than short-term. They may forget what they have done only a few hours ago, but have the clearest remembrance (记忆 ) of when they were very young. Psych
11、ologists tell us that we only remember a few facts about our past, and that we invent the rest. It is as though we remember only the outline of a story. We then make up the details. We often do this in the way we want to remember them, usually so that we appear as the heroes of our own past or maybe
12、 victims needing sympathy (同情 ). 16 Visual memory helps us recall a place we have been to. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Visual memory may be used when we read a story. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Verbal memory helps us read words we have never heard. （ A） Right （ B） Wr
13、ong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Emotional memory is used when we perform physical movements. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Animals de not have a long-term memory. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Long-term memory is more important than short-term memory. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C）
14、 Not mentioned 22 Generally we remember only a few facts about the past. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 The Supercomputer Network 1 Recently, ten laborator
15、ies run by governments in different parts of the world have become linked. Their computers have been connected so they can “talk“ to each other. This may not seem very dramatic news, but it Is the beginning of a development that will Increase the power of the Internet tremendously. 2 The Internet Is
16、 an Interconnected (互联 ) system of networks that connects computers round the world and facilitates the transmission and exchange of information. The way that you use the Internet is by accessing this network. This depends on the power that your system allows you to use. The power of your computer i
17、s responsible for how fast you can download (下载 ) files, how much data you can store, etc. If your computer is old and slow, accessing the information can be very difficult. 3 The new development in information technology has been called “the grid“ (网格技术 ), and it will be a network of computers that
18、 are linked together. The “grid“ will work in a different way from the Internet, enabling you to get the power of the biggest computers in the world on your computer. Accessing the information will no longer depend on the power of your computer. The idea is that while you access information, you wil
19、l also have access to the power of the bigger computer stations. 4 One advantage of this revolutionary idea is that geographical location will become irrelevant. The “grid“ will decide which are the best parts of a worldwide network to do the job you want. This means that you may be accessing a comp
20、uter in Japan to solve a problem in Alaska. 5 The “grid“ can be compared to having an efficient personal assistant. You can give your assistant a task and “he“ will do it for you. The assistant will do the preliminary research, collect the data, compare them and decide on the best course of action b
21、y accessing any of the computer centres in the “grid“ that happen to have the relevant information. All you have to do is assign the task, sit back and wait. 6 At present, possible applications of the “grid“ in scientific research are being explored While It has taken about fifteen years for Interne
22、t use to become widespread, experts believe that the “grid“ could be up and running for private individuals far more quickly. Scientists working on “grid“ projects are convinced that it will be as widely used as the web in the next ten years. 23 A. How does the “grid“ work? B. Power shared C. Just m
23、ake a request D. Limitations of present Internet use E. Distance is not a problem F. A new era for the Internet 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Paragraph 5 _ 27 A. the bigger computer stations B. the advantage C. ten years D. information E. your personal assistant F. fifteen ye
24、ars 27 Traditionally the power of your computer determines how fast you can access _. 28 The “grid“ will enable you to get on your computer the power of _ in the wodd. 29 The “grid“ would be like _, who can perform your tasks efficiently. 30 It is believed that the widespread use of the “grid“ will
25、become possible in the next _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Sunspots Its not surprising that sunspots (太阳黑子 ) were observed by ancient astronomers (天文学家 ). The largest sunspots on the sun can be seen without a telescope. It was not until the invention of the
26、 telescope (望远镜 ) in the early 17th century, however, that systematic studies of sunspots could be undertaken. The great astronomer Galileo was among the first to make telescopic observations of sunspots. Sunspots are regions of extremely strong magnetic fields (磁场 ) found on the suns surface. A sun
27、spot has a dark Central core known as the umbra. The umbra is surrounded by a dark ring called the penumbra, where the magnetic field spreads outward. SunSpots appear dark because they are giving off less radiation. They are cooler than the rest of the suns surface. Sunspots are frequently observed
28、in pairs or in paired groups. The members of a spot pair are identified as the leading spot and the following spot. They are identified by their position in the pair in terms of the direction in which the sun rotates (旋转 ). The number of sunspots at any one time varies. A large spot group may consis
29、t of as many as 10 groups and 300 spots across the sun. The number of spots changes in a fairly regular pattern called the sunspot cycle. The largest number occurs about every 11 years. At sunspot minimum, there are at most just a few small spots. The average lifetime of an individual spot group is
30、roughly one solar rotation, which is about 25 days. The most persistent large spots, however, can survive for two to three months. 31 Careful observations and systematic studies of sunspots （ A） were made by ancient astronomers. （ B） started in the early 17th century. （ C） were made by Galileo only.
31、 （ D） could be made without a telescope. 32 Sunspots are cooler than the rest of the suns surface because （ A） they produce less energy. （ B） they are buried in the sun. （ C） they are faraway from magnetic fields. （ D） they are close to magnetic fields. 33 The leading spot and the following spot are
32、 the names of （ A） two large sunspots. （ B） a large spot and a small spot. （ C） the two spots in a spot pair. （ D） the central core and the ring around if. 34 If an intense sunspot activity had occurred in 1857, the next one would have been in （ A） 1858. （ B） 1862. （ C） 1865. （ D） 1868. 35 In the la
33、st paragraph the word “persistent“ means （ A） important. （ B） effective. （ C） enduring. （ D） visible. 36 Where Have All the Bees Goner Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands. All across the country, honeybees are leaving their hives (蜂巢 ) and never returning. Researchers cal
34、l this phenomenon colony-collapse (群体瘫痪 ) disorder. It is reported that 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the US have vanished from their hives since last fall. So far, no one can explain why. Colony collapse is a serious concern because bees play an important role in the production of about one-
35、third of the foods we eat. As they feed, honeybees spread pollen (花粉 ) from flower to flower. Without this process, a plant cant produce seeds or fruits. Now, a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out whats causing the alarming collapse of so many colonies. They hope t
36、o find out whats contributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappearance in the future. It could be that disease is causing the disappearance of the bees. To explore that possibility, Jay Evans, a researcher at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Bee Research Laboratory, examines
37、 bees taken from colonies that are collapsing. “We know what a healthy bee should look like on the inside, and we can look for physical signs of disease,“ he says. And bees from collapsing colonies dont look very healthy. “Their stomachs are worn down, compared to the stomachs of healthy bees,“ Evan
38、s says. It may be that a parasite (寄生虫 ) is damaging the bees digestive organs. Their immune (免疫的 ) systems may not be working as they should. Moreover, they have high levels of bacteria inside their bodies. Another cause of colony-collapse disorder may be certain chemicals that farmers apply to kil
39、l unwanted insects on crops, says Jerry Hayes, chief bee inspector for the Florida Department of Agriculture. Some studies, he says, suggest that a certain type of insecticide (杀虫剂 ) affects the honeybees nervous system and memory. “It seems like honeybees are going out and getting confused about wh
40、ere to go and what to do,“ he says. If it turns out that a disease is contributing to colony collapse, bees genes could explain why some colonies have collapsed and others have not. In any group of bees there are many different kinds of genes. The more different genes a group has, the higher the gro
41、ups genetic diversity. So far scientists havent determined the role of genetic diversity in colony collapse, but its a promising theory, says Evans. 36 What is the mystery that researchers find hard to explain? （ A） Honeybees are flying all across the country. （ B） Half of the honeybees in the US ha
42、ve died. （ C） Honeybees are leaving their hives and do not return. （ D） Honeybee hives are in disorder. 37 Researchers are seriously concerned with the phenomenon of colony-collapse disorder because （ A） honeybees help produce one-third of the foods we eat. （ B） parasites on bees may spread everywhe
43、re. （ C） honeybees cannot find enough food elsewhere. （ D） honeybees feed on flowers. 38 Which of the following is a possible cause of the colony-collapse disorder? （ A） Population explosion. （ B） Decreasing number of flowers around. （ C） Genetically modified products. （ D） Diseases and chemicals. 3
44、9 Which of the following explanations is given by Jerry Hayes to the phenomenon? （ A） Bee-keepers do not understand the honeybees behavior. （ B） A certain type of chemical destroys the honeybees nervous system. （ C） Honeybees are infected by unwanted insects. （ D） Some crops are poisonous to the hon
45、eybees. 40 The word “diversity“ in the last paragraph means （ A） variety. （ B） makeup. （ C） disorder. （ D） distinction. 41 A Tale of Scottish Rural Life Lewis Grassic Gibbons Sunset Song (1932) was voted“ the best Scottish novel of all time“ by Scotlands reading public in 2005. Once considered shock
46、ing for its frank description of aspects of the lives of Scotlands poor rural farmers, it has been adapted for stage, film, TV and radio in recent decades. The novel is set on the fictional estate of Kinraddie, in the farming country of the Scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond World War
47、t. At its heart is the story of Chris, who is both part of the community and a little outside it. Grassic Gibbon gives us the most detailed and intimate account of the life of his heroine (女主人公 ). We watch her grow through a childhood dominated by, her cruel but hard- working father; experience trag
48、edy (her mothers suicide and murder of her twin children) and learn about her feelings as she grows into a woman. We see her marry, lose her husband, then marry again. Chris has seemed so convincing a figure to some female readers that they cannot believe that she is the creation of a man. But it wo
49、uld be misleading to suggest that this book is just about Chris. It is truly a novel of a place and its people. Its opening section tells of Kinraddies long history, in a language that imitates the places changing patterns of speech and writing. The story itself is amazingly full of characters and incidents. It is told from Chris point of view but also from that of the gossiping community, a community where everybody knows everybody el
