1、2008年职称英语（综合类） A级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定 1个意义最为接近选项。 1 With immense relief, I stopped running. （ A） some （ B） enormous （ C） little （ D） extensive 2 The scientists began to accumulate data. （ A） collect （ B） handle （ C） analyze （ D） investigate
2、3 Jack eventually overtook the last truck. （ A） hit （ B） passed （ C） reached （ D） led 4 Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance. （ A） possible （ B） profitable （ C） easy （ D） wise 5 The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle. （ A） fact （ B） mystery （ C） statement （ D） game 6 T
3、hat guy is really witty. （ A） smart （ B） ugly （ C） honorable （ D） popular 7 The world champion suffered a sensational defeat. （ A） reasonable （ B） dramatic （ C） humiliating （ D） horrifying 8 It seems that only Mary is eligible for the job. （ A） prepared （ B） trained （ C） qualified （ D） guided 9 This
4、 poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the South. （ A） praises （ B） writes （ C） imitates （ D） describes 10 The meaning is still obscure. （ A） vague （ B） transparent （ C） alien （ D） significant 11 Dumped waste might contaminate water supplies. （ A） destroy （ B） decrease （ C） delay （ D） poll
5、ute 12 One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia. （ A） assumes （ B） expects （ C） predicts （ D） considers 13 It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules. （ A） remember （ B） follow （ C） understand （ D） learn 14 I hope that I didnt do anything absurd last night
6、. （ A） awkward （ B） strange （ C） stupid （ D） awful 15 There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children. （ A） forbid （ B） advocate （ C） inherit （ D） withdraw 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22 题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文 的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 What
7、Is Globalization? It was the anti-globalization movement that really put globalization on the map. As a word it has existed since the 1960s, but the protests against this allegedly new process, which its opponents condemn as a way of ordering peoples lives, brought globalization out of the financial
8、 and academic worlds and into everyday current affairs. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the business model called the “globalized“ financial market came to be seen as an entity that could have more than just an economic impact on the parts of the world it touched. Globalization came to be seen as
9、 more than simply away of doing business, or running financial markets - it became a process. From then on the word took on a life of its own. So how does the globalized market work? It is modern communications that make it possible; for the British service sector to deal with its customers through
10、a call centre in India, or for a sportswear (运动服 ) manufacturer to design its products in Europe, make them in south-east Asia and sell them in north America. But this is where the anti-globalization side gets stuck in (关注 ). If these practices replace domestic economic life with an economy that is
11、heavily influenced or controlled from overseas, then the creation of a globalized economic model and the process of globalization can also be seen as a surrender of power to the corporations, or a means of keeping poorer nations in their place. Not everyone agrees that globalization is necessarily e
12、vil, or that globalized corporations are running the lives of individuals or are more powerful than nations. Some say that the spread of globalization, free markets and free trade into the developing world is the best way to beat poverty - the only problem is that free markets and free trade do not
13、yet truly exist. Globalization can be seen as a positive, negative or even marginal process. And regardless of whether it works for good or ill, globalizations exact meaning will continue to be the subject of debate among those who oppose, support or simply observe it. 16 Globalization is a term use
14、d only in the financial and academic worlds. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Globalization can be best understood as a way of doing business. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Modern communications play an important role in globalization. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentione
15、d 19 Britain has benefited quite a lot from globalization. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The opponents believe that globalization will keep the poorer nations in poverty. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The opponents think that globalized corporations have more power than n
16、ations. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Free markets and free trade will eventually prevail. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 A New Citizenship
17、 Test 1 Last week, a sample of the new US citizenship (公民身份 ) exam was released by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (US-CIS). It will be tried out in 10 cities early next year to replace the current test in 2008. Instead of asking how many stripes the US flag has, as the current test does
18、, the new one asks why there are 13 stripes. Instead of having to name the branches of government, an applicant is asked to explain why there are three. 2 “The goal is to make it more meaningful,“ explains Emilio Gonzalez, director of the US-CIS. Immigrants who pass it are expected to have a better
19、“understanding and respect“ for US civic (公民的 ) values, Gonzalez says. 3 The US isnt the only country dealing with citizenship tests that aim to get a “shared commitment“ from immigrants for their adopted countrys “values“. In recent years, in addition to the usual requirement of language/work skill
20、s and economic status, several European countries have adopted citizenship tests. Britain introduced a new citizenship test last November. In March, a new Dutch law took effect requiring all would-be immigrants to take a citizenship test. It involved watching a video showing nude (裸体的 ) women bathin
21、g at beaches and gay (同性恋的 ) men kissing in public The aim was to ensure that “newcomers will be comfortable with the countrys liberal social mores (风俗 )“. 4 Europe has been known for welcoming immigrants for decades. But, today, the fact is that some immigrants are kept apart from local citizens by
22、 culture and they become hostile to each other. Promoting integration has become a major concern for European countries, after the rioting in Muslim ghettoes (少数民族聚居区 ) in France and the killing of Dutch public figures by religious extremists. 5 Officials believe that a persons attachment to a count
23、ry can be tested by his or her knowledge of the country. However, some critics say that the changes can do little to help people assimilate (同化 ) themselves. “Immigration is a culture war today. Is giving a new test the right way to lessen the accusations in that fight?“ says Ali Noorani, of the Mas
24、sachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy Coalition (难民辩护联盟 ). 23 A. Preparation for taking a citizenship test B. Citizenship tests in European countries C. Importance of promoting integration D. Necessity to know the branches of government E. Different views on the new citizenship test F. Goal of t
25、he new citizenship test 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Paragraph 5 _ 27 A. to know a lot more about the country B. to watch a video C. to help immigrants accept the new culture D. to marry American citizens E. to do low-skill jobs F. to answer 27 The questions in the new citiz
26、enship test are more difficult _. 28 Would-be immigrants to the US are expected _. 29 In the Dutch citizenship test, all would-be immigrants are required _. 30 Some people fear that changes in the citizenship test will do little _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45 题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项
27、。 31 Centers of the Great European Cities The centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition. People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night. A mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting, metropolitan atmosphere. Squares, plazas (广场 ) and arcades (拱廊
28、 ) form the heart of Europes cities. Venice in Italy has the Piazza San Marco - a beautiful square surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes. In Barcelona, Spain, La Bosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods. Londons Covent Garden is filled with fruit
29、 and vegetable stalls by day and musicians, acrobats (杂技演员 ) and artists by night. The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive. In London, they serve as a beautiful backdrop (背景 ) to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames. T
30、hese vibrant (有活力的 ) hearts are the product of centuries of evolution, social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently. “The reason people think Venice is so great today is you dont see all the mistakes,“ said Garreau, “Those have all been removed.“ Most European cities were lai
31、d out before the invention of the car, so bars, restaurants and cafes were near to peoples homes. Today, the focus of many Europeans life has moved away from the centers. They live in the suburbs and outskirts, driving to supermarkets to get their supplies. But on a continent where people treasure c
32、onvention, there are still those who hold onto traditional ways, living and shopping locally. These people, together with tourists, provide the city centers with their reason for existence. Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing. This is particularly true of Paris whos
33、e citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists. This skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos (浓咖啡 ) and cigarettes. Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere. People in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church on an almost daily basis. Enti
34、re communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets, cafes and bars in the surrounding streets. An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Duomo. The huge marble cathedral in Florence, Italy is surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops, and
35、 caters (迎合 ) not only to the tourist crowds, but also the local community. 31 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in Europe （ A） has many large squares. （ B） has many very magnificent sky-scrapers. （ C） draws tourists in large numbers every year. （ D） has a center where t
36、ourists meet their spouses. 32 Which statement is NOT true of Covent Garden? （ A） It is crowded with people. （ B） It is located in London. （ C） It is filled with stalls. （ D） It is surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes. 33 Why do people think that Venice is so great? （ A） Because it i
37、s a famous tourist attraction. （ B） Because you can reach anywhere by boat. （ C） Because it is well-known for its merchants. （ D） Because all the mistakes have been removed. 34 What are Parisians famous for? （ A） Their pursuit of independence. （ B） Their enthusiasm for conversation. （ C） Their abili
38、ty to keep the city flourishing. （ D） Their devotion to developing a multiple culture. 35 The writer cites the Duomo in the last paragraph as an example to illustrate that （ A） there is a tight link between church and society. （ B） all churches are magnificent. （ C） old churches are very popular. （
39、D） high-rise churches are impressive. 36 Doubtful Ways to Reduce and Increase Your Weight You hear this: “No wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eat.“ You feel sad: “I skip my breakfast and Supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do?“ Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not
40、 your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it. Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that, “80 percent of the children of two obese (肥胖的 ) parents become obese, as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of tw
41、o parents of normal weight.“ How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well, dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing
42、 600 calories a day. After more than 10 weeks, the subjects lost 45kg on average. But after leaving the hospital, they all regained weight. The results were surprising: by metabolic (新拜代谢的 ) measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric
43、 problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed; some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesnt result in normal weight, but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people.
44、Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months, they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent.
45、But months after the study ended, they were back to normal weight and stayed there. This does not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lo
46、wer their weight. The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true - each person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort. But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult. The bod
47、y resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks. 36 What determines your weight? （ A） Your working manner. （ B） Your eating habit, （ C） Your life style. （ D） Your genes. 37 What did Jules Hirsch do to the eight fat people in his study? （
48、A） He let them skip supper. （ B） He let them skip breakfast. （ C） He let them run every morning and evening. （ D） He gave them a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day. 38 What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital? （ A） They went mad. （ B） They killed themselves. （ C） T
49、hey were back to normal weight. （ D） They attempted suicide. 39 Ethan Sims made his subjects （ A） battle their genetic inheritance. （ B） increase their weight. （ C） suffer from hunger. （ D） lower their Weight. 40 What did scientists think was true? （ A） Each person has a fixed weight range （ B） Each person has a weight range of 9kg. （ C） Each person wants to control his or her weight. （ D） Each person wants to eat to his or her hearts content. 41 Shaming Punishme
