1、2009年职称英语（卫生类） A级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Why cant you stop your (eternal) complaining? （ A） everlasting （ B） long （ C） temporary （ D） boring 2 Hundreds of buildings were (wrecked) by the earthquake. （ A） shaken （ B） damaged （ C） fa
2、llen （ D） jumped 3 These paintings are considered by many to be (authentic). （ A） faithful （ B） royal （ C） genuine （ D） sincere 4 Many economists have given in to the fatal (lure) of mathematics. （ A） attraction （ B） simplicity （ C） power （ D） rigor 5 Ten years after the event, her death still remai
3、ns a (puzzle). （ A） mist （ B） fog （ C） mystery （ D） secret 6 John was (irritated) by the necessity for polite conversation. （ A） annoyed （ B） troubled （ C） angered （ D） aroused 7 Academic records cannot be (duplicated). （ A） borrowed （ B） purchased （ C） rewritten （ D） copied 8 The emphasis on the im
4、portance of education has (spurred) scientific research. （ A） fastened （ B） encouraged （ C） raised （ D） initiated 9 We have (ample) money for the journey. （ A） some （ B） little （ C） extra （ D） enough 10 The doctors pills worked (marvels) for me. （ A） patients （ B） miracles （ C） illness （ D） recovery
5、 11 Marys (perpetual) moaning nearly drove me mad. （ A） monotonous （ B） endless （ C） serious （ D） bitter 12 It was hard to say why the man deserved such (shabby) treatment. （ A） old （ B） unforgettable （ C） funny （ D） unfair 13 You didnt (adhere to) these principles. （ A） follow （ B） order （ C） prove
6、 （ D） handle 14 The farmers also want to use the water to irrigate the (barren) land. （ A） empty （ B） hairless （ C） bare （ D） smooth 15 Anyone who wants to apply for a loan need read the following (specifications). （ A） expressions （ B） warnings （ C） instructions （ D） advertisements 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22
7、题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的 短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Cancer Drug Trials Often Halted Early An increasing number of clinical trials for new cancer treatments are being halted before the risks and benefits have been fully evaluated, say Italian
8、 researchers, who warn that this growing trend could put patients at risk of harm from new therapies rushed into use. The researchers looked at 25 randomized, controlled clinical trials that were stopped early because the treatments had started to show benefit to patients. “When we analyzed 25 trial
9、s over a 10-year period between 1997 and 2007, we found a consistent increase in prematurely stopped trials more than 50 percent were stopped within the last three years“, study co-author Giovanni Apolone said at a news conference Tuesday. Of 14 trials halted early and published between 2005 and 200
10、7, the researchers found that 11(79 percent) of them were used to support drug approval applications submitted to the European Medicines Agency and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. “This suggests a strong commercial component in stopping trials prematurely. In fact, this strategy could guarant
11、ee quicker access to the market for companies. On the other hand, a quicker clinical drug development may lead to an immature benefit/risk balance of new drugs“, Apolone said. He and his colleagues “are aware that trials stopped early because they are showing benefit may result in identification of
12、promising new treatments for patients. However, findings obtained following this strategy should be considered to be preliminary results that require subsequent confirmation“. It can take several years for the long-term benefits or harmful side effects of a new treatment to become apparent, Apolone
13、noted, but the average duration(持续时间 ) of the 25 studies he and his colleagues analyzed was 30 months, with a range from 12 to 64 months. They also found that at the time five of the studies were stopped, theyd enrolled less than 40 percent of the total number of patients planned for final analysis.
14、 “Clinical trials need to stop early for superior benefit whenever theres proof beyond reasonable doubt that the new treatment really is superior. That would be an ethical obligation“, Stuart Pocock, a professor of medical statistics at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the Unite
15、d Kingdom, said at the news conference. “However, too many trials are stopped early claiming efficacy(功效 ) without strong evidence being available“. 16 The number of prematurely stopped clinical trials has increased recently. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The trials were stopped early
16、because the treatments proved to be of no value. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The 25 trials involved roughly the same number of participants. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Some of the trials were probably stopped early for commercial reasons. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） N
17、ot mentioned 20 Participants in the trials were happy when they were stopped early. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Some of the trials were too short to show their long-term effects. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Stuart Pocock believed that in no case should clinical trials
18、 stop early. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Cancer Cancer is a group of many related diseases that begin in cells, the bodys basic building blocks. The bod
19、y is made up of many types of cells. Normally, cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass
20、of tissue called a growth or tumor. Benign(良性的 ) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant(恶性的 ) tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order. Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by
21、 changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet radiation fro
22、m the sun, or exposure to carcinogens(致癌物 ) in the workplace or in the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited. Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy(化疗 ), hormone therapy, and biological therapy. The doctor may use one method or a combination of methods, dep
23、ending on the type and location of the cancer, whether the disease has spread, the patients age and general health, and other factors. Because treatment for cancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues, it often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options, w
24、eighing the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects. Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease, and the patients tolerance for pain. Most pain occurs when the cancer gr
25、ows and presses against bones, organs, or nerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However, pain can generally be relieved or reduced with prescription medicines or over-the-counter drugs recommended by the doctor. 23 A. Does cancer always cause pain? B. Can cancer be prevented? C. What
26、is cancer? D. How common is cancer? E. What causes cancer? F. How is cancer treated? 23 Paragraph 1 _ 24 Paragraph 2 _ 25 Paragraph 3 _ 26 Paragraph 4 _ 27 A. prescription medicines B. control or order C. tolerance for pain D. various factors E. normal genes F. side effects 27 Cancer occurs when cel
27、ls in the body divide without_. 28 Gene alterations may be caused by_. 29 Treatment for cancer may also bring about some_. 30 Cancer patients may differ in their._. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Youth Emancipation in Spain The Spanish Government is so worried
28、 about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest. Around 55 percent of people aged 18 34 in Spain still sleep in their parents homes, says the latest report from the countrys state - run Institute of Youth. To coax(劝诱 ) young people fr
29、om their homes, the Institute started a “Youth Emancipation(解放 )“ programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs. Economists blame young peoples family dependence on the precarious(不稳定的 ) labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent
30、 a year since 2000. Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists(社会学家 ). Family ties in south Europe Italy, Portugal and Greece are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report “The Late Emancipation of Spanish Yo
31、uth. Key for Understanding“. “In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized“, said Minguez. In Spain - especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews(
32、外甥，侄子 ) all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner. Parents tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late - night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules. “A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain hell put up a fight a
33、nd call the father a fascist“, said Jose Antonio Gdmez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid. Mothers willingness to do childrens household chores(家务 ) worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. The eldest, 28, has a girlfriend an
34、d a job. But life with mum is good. “His mum does the wash and cooks for him; in the end, he lives well“, Masso said. 31 The “Youth Emancipation“ programme aims at helping young people_. （ A） fight for freedom. （ B） live in an independent way. （ C） fight against social injustice. （ D） get rid of fam
35、ily responsibilities. 32 It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than in_. （ A） Finland. （ B） Greece. （ C） Spain. （ D） Italy. 33 Young peoples family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPT_. （ A） parents tolerance. （ B） housing problems
36、. （ C） cultural traditions. （ D） unwillingness to get married. 34 Which of the following statements is NOT true of Dionisio Masso? （ A） She is 60 years old. （ B） She has a boyfriend. （ C） She has three children. （ D） She lives in Madrid. 35 The phrase “wary of“ in paragraph 8 could be best replaced
37、by_. （ A） tired of. （ B） afraid of. （ C） cautious about. （ D） worried about. 36 Surprised by a Miracle I had been working in the trauma unit at a local hospital for about a year. You get used to families thinking that a “coma“(昏迷 ) patient is moving their hand or doing something that they were asked
38、 to do. “Following commands“ is what we call it. Often its “wishful thinking“ on the families part. Nurses can easily become callous(麻木不仁的 ) to it. On this particular night during visiting hours, my patients wife came in. I had taken care of him for several nights. I was very familiar with his care
39、and what he was able to do. Actually, he didnt do anything. He barely moved at all, even when something would obviously hurt him, such as suctioning(抽吸 ). His wife was very short, about 5 feet tall. She had to stand on a stool to lean over him, so that she could see his face and talk to him. She cli
40、mbed up on the stool. I spoke to her for a few minutes, and then stepped out to tend to my other patient. A few minutes later, she came running out of the room. In an excited voice, she said, “Donna, hes moving his hand!“ I immediately thought that it was probably her imagination, and that he had no
41、t actually done it on purpose. He had been there about a month at the time and had never made any movements on purpose. I asked her what had happened and she said, “I asked him to squeeze my hand and he did!“ This led me to another train of questioning. “But, did he let go when you asked him to?“ Sh
42、e said yes, that he had done exactly what she asked. I went into the room with her, not really believing that I would see anything different than I had always seen. But I decided that it would be better to pacify(抚慰 ) her than to make her think that I didnt believe her or that she was somehow mistak
43、en. She asked him to squeeze her hand, which he did. I said, “Well, ask him to let go“. He continued to squeeze for a moment, so that when he finally did let go, I really still didnt believe that he had done it on purpose. So, I said, “Ask him to hold up one finger“. He did as asked. Well, hmm, this
44、 was starting to get my attention. I looked at him, his face still somewhat swollen(肿胀的 ) and his eyes still closed. “Stick out your tongue!“ I said. He did it. I almost fell on the floor. It was the first time I had ever seen anyone “wake up“. 36 The first paragraph indicates that more often than n
45、ot a coma patient_. （ A） is found to be following commands. （ B） is callous to nurses commands. （ C） is used to following commands. （ D） is thought to be following commands. 37 What condition had the patient been in before that particular night? （ A） He had talked only with his wife. （ B） He had mov
46、ed only when hurt. （ C） He had barely moved at all. （ D） He had been too lazy to do anything. 38 How did the author feel upon first hearing what the excited wife said? （ A） She was doubtful. （ B） She was amused. （ C） She was scared. （ D） She was shocked. 39 What did the patient do on that particular
47、 night? （ A） He squeezed and let go his wifes hand. （ B） He held up one of his fingers. （ C） He stuck out his tongue. （ D） All of the above. 40 Why did the author almost fall on the floor? （ A） Because she had been working too hard. （ B） Because she had been deceived. （ C） Because she had been tripp
48、ed. （ D） Because she could hardly believe her eyes. 41 Slowing Aging: Way to Fight Diseases in 21st Century A group of aging experts from the United States and the United Kingdom suggest that the best strategy for preventing and fighting a multitude of diseases is to focus on slowing the biological
49、processes of aging. “The traditional medical approach of attacking individual diseases cancer, diabetes, heart disease, Alzheimers disease(早老性痴呆病 ) and Parkinsons disease(帕金森氏病 ) will soon become less effective if we do not determine how all of these diseases either interact or share common mechanisms with aging“, says S. Jay Olshansky, professor of epidemiology at the University of Illinois at Chicago School of
