1、2010 年 11 月北京成人本科学位英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark th
2、e corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 0 Breastfeeding(母乳喂养 ) for a month or longer appears to reduce a womans risk of getting diabetes(糖尿病 ) later in life, according to a new study The breastfeeding and diabetes link has been reported in other studies, acc
3、ording to researcher Eleanor Schwarz Yet, her study makes the link easier to believe Her study is published in a journal of medicine in America Schwarz and her colleagues looked at data about breastfeeding practices They evaluated data on 2,233 women from California Of those, 405were not mothers, 1,
4、125 were mothers who breastfed for at least a month, and 703 were mothers who had never breastfed They were 40 to 78 years old. According to Schwarzs study, the risk of getting a diagnosis(诊断 ) of Type 2 diabetes for women who breastfed all their children for a month or longer was similar to that of
5、 women who had not given birth But mothers who had never breastfed were nearly twice as likely to develop diabetes as women who had never given birth Mothers who never breastfed were about 1 4 times as likely to develop diabetes as women who breastfed for one to three months, Schwarz found. While on
6、e month of breastfeeding appears to make a difference, Schwarz says, even longer is better (76)“Previous studies have shown the longer the mom breastfeeds, the more benefit for her body.“ Many experts recommend breastfeeding for six months and continuing for a year, she says. The diabetes-breastfeed
7、ing link is probably explained by belly fat Mothers, who dont breastfeed, as they get older, may have more belly fat, as breastfeeding helps new mothers take off weight “Belly fat increases the risk of diabetes as you get older,“ she says. The finding isnt surprising at all, says Kimberly Gregory Sh
8、e often gives advice to women who get diabetes occurring during pregnancy(怀孕 ) that they are at risk for later getting Type 2 diabetes and suggests they breastfeed The new findings will probably inspire Gregory to add to the advice she gives moms-to-be about the benefits of breastfeeding She often f
9、ocuses on the benefits to the baby. 1 According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE? （ A） About two thousand and two hundred old women took part in the study. （ B） Eleanor Schwarzs research program was about men and women who suffered from diabetes. （ C） Over one fifths
10、 of the women never got married. （ D） Eleanor Schwarzs results seem more reliable. 2 According to Schwarzs findings, who are more likely to get diabetes later in life? （ A） Those mothers who had never breastfed. （ B） Those mothers who never gave birth. （ C） Those mothers who breastfed for a month. （
11、 D） Those mothers who breastfed for six months. 3 Which of the following statements would Schwarz agree with? （ A） Breastfeeding is not advisable because it is not good for a mom to keep a good shape. （ B） Breastfeeding can greatly reduce a mothers chances of getting all kinds of serious disease. （
12、C） Breastfeeding for a month is highly recommended: the longer, the better. （ D） Breastfeeding for a month or longer makes babies smarter. 4 What does the author mean by “moms-to-be” in the last paragraph? （ A） Women who are pregnant, especially for the first time. （ B） Women who dream of having bab
13、ies for the first time. （ C） Women who already have children. （ D） Women who have just got babies for the first time. 5 Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage? （ A） Breastfeeding May Enhance Babies Chances of Survival （ B） Breastfeeding May Lower Moms Diabetes Risk （ C） Brea
14、stfeeding May Become Very Fashionable in Near Future （ D） Breastfeeding May Help Women Lose Weight 5 Archaeology, like many academic words, comes from Greek and means, more or less, “the study of old things“ So, it is really a part of the study of history However, most historians use paper evidence,
15、 such as letters, paintings and photographs, but archaeologists(考古学家 )learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago Normally, these are the hard materials that dont break down or disappear very quicklythings like human bones and objects made from stone and metal. It is very unusual to
16、 find anything more than the hard evidence of historynormally, the bacteria(细菌 )in the air eat away at soft materials, like bodies, clothes and things made of wood Occasionally, things are different. In 1984,two men made an amazing discovery while working in a bog called Lindow Moss, in the north of
17、 England A bog is a very wet area of earth, with a lot of plants growing in it It can be like a very big and very thick vegetable soupwalk in the wrong place and you can sink and disappear forever The men were working when one of them saw something sticking outa human foot! Naturally, the men called
18、 the police, who then found the rest of the body Was it a case of murder? Possiblybuy it was a death nearly two thousand years old The two men had found a body from the time of the Roman invasion of Britain Despite being so old, this body had skin, muscles, hair and internal organsthe scientists who
19、 examined him were able to look inside the mans stomach and find the food that he had eaten for his last meal! Why was this man so well preserved? (77)It was because he was in a very watery environment, safe from the bacteria that need oxygen to live Also, the water in the bog was very acidic The ac
20、id preserved the mans skin in the way that animal skin is preserved for leather coats and shoes. How did he die? Understandably, archaeologists and other scientists wanted to know more about the person that they called, “Lindow Man“ (78) His hands and fingernails suggested that he hadnt done heavy m
21、anual work in this lifehe could have been a rich man They found that he hadnt died by accident The archaeologists believe that he was sacrificed to three different gods. 6 Which language does the word“rchaeology“om from? （ A） French （ B） Greek （ C） Roman （ D） German. 7 The word “hese“in the first pa
22、ragraph refers to _. （ A） letters （ B） photographs （ C） paintings （ D） objects 8 Which of the following helped to preserve “indow Man“ （ A） Ice and low temperature （ B） Bacteria and oxygen （ C） Soil and energy （ D） Acid and water 9 According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
23、 （ A） indow Manas named after the person who first found him （ B） Historians usually use paper evidence, while archaeologists use hard evidence （ C） indow Manwas found by two archaeologists in the south of England （ D） ndow Manwas good at manual work 10 Which is the best title for the passage? （ A）
24、What Is Archaeology? （ B） Archaeology and History （ C） An Amazing Archaeological Discovery （ D） The Death of “indow Man“ 10 The city has always been an engine of intellectual life, from the 18th-century cafes of London, where citizens gathered to discuss chemistry and politics, to the Left Bank bars
25、 of modern Paris, where Picasso talked about modern art Without the metropolis, we might not have had the great art of Shakespeare. And yet, city life isnt easy Now scientists have begun to examine how the city affects the brain, and the results are depressing Just being in an urban environment, the
26、y have found, impairs(损害 )our basic mental processes (79) After spending a few minutes on a crowded city street, the brain is less able to hold things in memory, and suffers from reduced self-control While its long been recognized that city life is exhausting, this new research suggests that citied
27、actually dull our thinking, sometimes dramatically so. One of the main forces at work is a complete lack of nature, which is surprisingly beneficial for the brain Studies have demonstrated, for instance, that hospital patients recover more quickly when they can see trees from their windows, and that
28、 women living in public housing are better able to focus when their apartments overlook a lawn Even these glimpses of nature improve brain performance, it seems, because they provide a mental break from the urban life. This research arrives just as humans cross an important milestone(里程碑 ) For the f
29、irst time in history, the majority of people live in cities Instead of inhabiting wide-open spaces, were crowded into concrete jungles, surrounded by traffic and millions of strangers In recent years, its become clear that such unnatural surroundings have important implications for our mental and ph
30、ysical health, and can powerfully alter how we think. This research is also leading some scientists to dabble(涉足 ) in urban design, as they look for ways to make the city less damaging to the brain (80) The good news is that even slight alterations, such as planting more trees in the inner city or c
31、reating urban parks with a greater variety of plants, can significantly reduce the negative side effects of city life The mind needs nature, and even a little bit can be a big help. 11 Which of the following is the main idea of this passage? （ A） The city inspires talented people. （ B） The city hurt
32、s your brain. （ C） The city has many pleasures and benefits. （ D） The city seriously affects the natural balance. 12 The word“etropolis“n the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _. （ A） citizen （ B） nature （ C） city （ D） stress 13 People have just come to realize that _. （ A） human attention is
33、 a scarce resource （ B） city life can make people very tired （ C） the city is an engine of intellectual life （ D） an urban environment is damaging to the brain 14 What is the factor mentioned in the third paragraph that helps the hospital patients recover more quickly? （ A） Nature （ B） Better treatm
34、ent （ C） Experienced doctors （ D） Good medicine. 15 According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? （ A） Different aspects(方面 ) of an urban environment, such as the crowded streets, can lead to an increase in self-control. （ B） Small changes in urban design cannot reduce the neg
35、ative side effects of city life. （ C） For the first time in history, the earths population is more urban than rural. （ D） A walk down a busy city street will improve brain performance. 二、 Part II Vocabulary and Structure (30%) Directions: In this part, there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sen
36、tence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 16 By the end of last week 611 people from 49 countries _ to attend the meeting, with nearly half c
37、oming from the United States, Germany and Britain. （ A） had Registered （ B） have Registered （ C） Registered （ D） were Registered 17 It was suggested that _ big event like the Year of Russia in China should certainly benefit _ relationship between the two countries. （ A） a; the （ B） the; a （ C） a; /
38、（ D） the; / 18 Although he knew little about amount of work done in the field, he succeeded _ other more well-informed experimenters failed. （ A） as （ B） unless （ C） what （ D） where 19 Having been praised by the teacher, the little girl ran back home, _. （ A） happily and satisfied （ B） eager and exc
39、itedly （ C） happy and satisfied （ D） anxiously and excitedly 20 How are their talks going on? Have they reached any agreement? They only seemed to have agreed to set another date for _ talks. （ A） deeper （ B） slower （ C） further （ D） higher 21 _ ten minutes earlier, you wouldnt have missed the train
40、 But you were late. （ A） Had you come （ B） Did you come （ C） Have you come （ D） Should you come 22 Having been told that her son died in the accident, the old woman appeared very calm, as if nothing _. （ A） happened （ B） were happened （ C） was happened （ D） had happened 23 You should carefully think
41、 over _ the manager said at the meeting. （ A） that （ B） which （ C） what （ D） whose 24 Last week I wrote to the hotel to book a room, but they _ yet. （ A） didnt answer （ B） wasnt answering （ C） hadnt answered （ D） havent answered 25 Diana felt very much upset at _ to the party as she had longed to go
42、 for a long time. （ A） having not been invited （ B） not having been invited （ C） not to be invite （ D） to be not invited 26 On no account _ held responsible for the car accident, so he should not be put into prison. （ A） the driver can be （ B） can the driver be （ C） the driver be （ D） be the driver
43、27 All the kids are crying now What _ makes them so unhappy? （ A） it is （ B） is it （ C） it is that （ D） is it that 28 Unfortunately, the package I was expecting was _ to the wrong address. （ A） written （ B） given （ C） packed （ D） delivered 29 _ by a large audience, he felt very nervous and didnt kno
44、w what to say. （ A） Watching （ B） Watch （ C） Watched （ D） Having watched 30 Im very grateful for your help and hope to do something for you _ in the future. （ A） in exchange （ B） instead （ C） in return （ D） in particular 31 I can _ you that the animals are well cared for in our zoo, so you neednt wo
45、rry about them. （ A） suppose （ B） assume （ C） assure （ D） grant 32 The drowning boy made a _ attempt to catch the rope thrown to him. （ A） dangerous （ B） graceful （ C） gentle （ D） desperate 33 If we _ early tomorrow morning, we will reach the coast before dark. （ A） take off （ B） set off （ C） set up
46、 （ D） take up 34 A lot of people mistake John for Bill because they _ each other in appearance too much! （ A） weave （ B） utilize （ C） reveal （ D） resemble 35 When there are cordial elations between the two countries, we mean there exists a _ relationship between them. （ A） friendly （ B） hostile （ C）
47、 fertile （ D） complicated 36 The patients recovery was very encouraging as he could _ get out of bed without help. （ A） only （ B） almost （ C） merely （ D） hardly 37 At the job interview, Mr Brown gave a good _ of himself and finally got a job as a salesman. （ A） opinion （ B） idea （ C） cry （ D） accoun
48、t 38 As is well known, eating too much fat can _ heart disease and cause high blood pressure. （ A） add to （ B） attend to （ C） contribute to （ D） apply to 39 A club is a place to make frequent _ with friends. （ A） accounts （ B） attempts （ C） contents （ D） contacts 40 _ the obvious differences in size
49、 and population, the states of America have many things _ common. （ A） Although; on （ B） Though; in （ C） Despite; in （ D） Because of; on 41 Scientists say it may be five or six years _ this medicine is tested on human beings. （ A） since （ B） before （ C） after （ D） when 42 With larger numbers of graduates than ever before, just having a degree will no longer be enough to make y
