1、2010年 3月上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题试卷及答案与解析 Part A Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER B
2、OOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. 0 You probably know that asthma can cause breathing problems. So can kids with asthma play sports? (1) ! Being active and playing sports is an especially good idea if you have asthma. Why? Because it can (2) , so they work better. Some athletes w
3、ith asthma have done more than develop stronger lungs. Theyve played (3) , and theyve even won medals at the Olympic Games! Some sports are less likely to bother a persons asthma. (4) are less likely to trigger flare-ups, and soare sports like baseball, football and gymnastics. In some sports, you n
4、eed to (5) . These activities may be harder for people with asthma. They (6) , cycling, soccer, basketball, cross-country skiing, (7) . But that doesnt mean you cant play these sports if (8) .In fact, many athletes with asthma have found that with the (9) , they can do anysport they choose. But befo
5、re playing sports, its important that your asthma is (10) . That means you arent having lots of (11) . To make this happen, its very important that you (12) just as your doctor tells you to, even when (13) . Your doctor will also tell you some other things you can do to avoid flare-ups. This may mea
6、n (14) when there is lots of pollen in the air, wearing (15) when you play outside during the winter, or making sure you always have time for (16) . Make sure your coach and team-mates know about your asthma. That way, they will understand if you (17) because of breathing trouble. Its also helpful i
7、f your coach (18) if you have a flare-up. Listen to your body and (19) youre your doctor gave you for handling breathing problems. And if you keep your asthma in good control, youll be in the game and (20) ! Part B Listening Comprehension Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short
8、 talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space
9、in your ANSWER BOOKLET. （ A） The kids. （ B） The traffic. （ C） The sports. （ D） The parking. （ A） She was trapped in traffic. （ B） She dropped her wallet. （ C） She broke her arm. （ D） She was fined for parking. （ A） She finds city living to be ideal. （ B） She thinks living in the city is a big deal.
10、（ C） She feels uncomfortable with the dirt. （ D） She complains about noise. （ A） Watching gray buildings in the rain. （ B） Hiking in the surrounding woods. （ C） Mixing with tourists on the streets. （ D） Visiting the park on bright sunny days. （ A） A big city. （ B） The country. （ C） A mountain villag
11、e. （ D） A small town. （ A） Mr. Gordon Browns proposal was announced at the conference in Copenhagen. （ B） The fund would be available to the poorest and most vulnerable countries alone. （ C） The proposed fund is intended to help poorer countries deal with climate change. （ D） The total fund would be
12、 10 billion British pounds in total over three years. （ A） 0.1%. （ B） 0.4%. （ C） 1.2%. （ D） 3%. （ A） To ask for a suspension of its massive debt repayments. （ B） To restore confidence of Western investors across the Gulf. （ C） To carefully plan a six-month delay on payments on Dubai World. （ D） To t
13、urn to Asian countries for help in the global financial crisis. （ A） To demonstrate their support for the Doha Round of global trade negotiations. （ B） To ask to review all the activities of the world trade body in recent years. （ C） To accuse multinational companies of neglecting the interests of t
14、he poor. （ D） To protest against a WTO ministerial conference starting on Monday. （ A） At least 27 passengers dead. （ B） 26 killed and scores injured. （ C） Hundreds of people dead. （ D） Casualty figures yet unknown. （ A） Making people live in harmony and balance with nature. （ B） Keeping evil spirit
15、s out of peoples life. （ C） Ordering buildings, rooms and corridors conveniently. （ D） Making a home or office look clean and orderly. （ A） Scandinavian. （ B） Irish. （ C） Norwegian. （ D） British. （ A） Scandinavia. （ B） The US. （ C） Asia. （ D） Southern Europe. （ A） Asking a seismologist for advice be
16、fore starting a building project. （ B） Building a house that would stay up in the earthquake. （ C） Having a one-way street sign removed. （ D） Pointing a road sign toward a house. （ A） He chose to buy his home because of feng-shui (风水 ). （ B） He arranged his office at home according to feng-shui. （ C
17、） He made sure that his rooms have great views out the window. （ D） He had a feng-shui master put the furniture in his home. （ A） A client at the shopping mall. （ B） A shopping mail employee. （ C） A shopping mall employer. （ D） A policeman suspected of child abuse. （ A） Spanking is done out of anger
18、. （ B） Spanking a child is discipline. （ C） Spanking could be a form of child abuse. （ D） Spanking might earn up to five years in prison. （ A） Spanked children dont respect their parents. （ B） Spanking teaches children to fear their parents （ C） Children learn to solve problems with violence. （ D） P
19、ain helps children learn right and wrong. （ A） There are many harmful effects of spanking. （ B） Spanking can lead to more violent behavior in children. （ C） Sometimes spanking is the best way to get a childs attention. （ D） Corporal punishment is not as effective as other forms of discipline. （ A） 8
20、5%. （ B） 70%. （ C） 62%. （ D） 36%. 一、 SECTION 2 READING TEST Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, A, B, C or D, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis
21、of what is stated or implied in that passage and write tile letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 40 On the worst days, Chris Keehn used to go 24 hours without seeing his daughter with her eyes open. A soft-spoken tax accountant in Deloittes downtown
22、 Chicago office, he hated saying no when she asked for a ride to preschool. By November, hed had enough. “I realized that I can have control of this,“ he says with a small shrug. Keehn, 33, met with two of the firms partners and his senior rmanager, telling them he needed a change. They went for it.
23、 In January, Keehn started telecommuting four days a week, and when Kathryn, 4, starts T-ball this summer, he will be sitting along the baseline. In this economy, Keehns move might sound like hopping onto the mommy track-or off the career track. But hes actually making a shrewd move. More and more,
24、companies are searching for creative ways to save-by experimenting with reduced hours or unpaid furloughs or asking employees to move laterally. The up-or-out model, in which employees have to keep getting promoted quickly or get lost, may be growing outmoded. The changing expectations could persist
25、 after the economy reheats. Companies are increasingly supporting more natural growth, letting employees wend their way upward like climbing vines. Its a shift, in other words, from a corporate ladder to the career-path metaphor long preferred by Deloitte vice chair Cathy Benko: a lattice. At Deloit
26、te, each employees lattice is nailed together during twice-a-year evaluations focused not just on career targets but also on larger life goals. An employee can request to do more or less travel or client service, say, or to move laterally into a new role-changes that may or may not come with a pay c
27、ut. Deloittes data from 2008 suggest that about 10% of employees choose to “dial up“ or “dial down“ at any given time. Deloittes Mass Career Customization (MCC) program began as away to keep talented women in the workforce, but it has quickly become clear that women are not the only ones seeking fle
28、xibility. Responding to millennials demanding better work-life balance, young parents needing time to share child-care duties and boomers looking to ease gradually toward retirement, Deloitte is scheduled to roll out MCC to all 42,000 U. S. employees by May 9,010.Deloitte executives are in talks wit
29、h more than 80 companies working on similar programs. Not everyone is on board. A 33-year-old Deloitte senior manager in a southeastern office, who works half-days on Mondays and Fridays for health reasons and requested anonymity because she was not authorized to speak on the record, says one “old s
30、chool“ manager insisted on scheduling meetings when she wouldnt be in the office. “He was like, “Yeah, I know we have the program, “she recalls, “but I dont really care. “ Deloitte CEO Barry Salzberg admits hes still struggling to convert “nonbelievers,“ but says they are the exceptions. The recessi
31、on provides an incentive for companies to design more lattice-oriented careers. Studies show telecommuting, for instance, can help businesses cut real estate costs20% and payroll 10%. Whats more, creating a flexible workforce to meet staffing needs in a changing economy ensures that a company will s
32、till have legs when the market recovers. Redeploying some workers from one division to another-or reducing their salaries-is a whole lot less expensive than laying everyone off and starting from scratch. Young employees who dial down now and later become managers may reinforce the idea that moving s
33、ideways on the lattice doesnt mean getting sidelined. “When I saw other people doing it,“ says Keehn, “I thought I could try. “ As the compelling financial incentives for flexibility grow clearer, more firms will be forced to give employees that chance. Turns out all Keehn had to do was ask. 41 The
34、author used the example of Chris Keehn_. （ A） to show how much he loved his daughter and the family （ B） to tell how busy he was working as a tax accountant （ C） to introduce how telecommuting changed the traditional way of working （ D） to explore how the partners of a company could negotiate and co
35、operate smoothly 42 What is the major purpose of shifting from a corporate ladder to the career path of lattice?_ （ A） To take both career targets and larger life goals of employees into consideration. （ B） To find better ways to develop ones career in response to economic crisis. （ C） To establish
36、expectations which could persist after the economy reheats. （ D） To create ways to keep both talented women and men in the workforce. 43 The expression “on board“ in the sentence “Not everyone is on board. “ (para. 4) means_ （ A） going to insist on old schedules （ B） concerned about work-life balanc
37、e （ C） ready to accept the flexible working system （ D） accustomed to the changing working arrangement 44 Which of the following is NOT the possible benefit of lattice-oriented careers for businesses?_ （ A） reducing the costs on real estate. （ B） cutting the salaries of employees. （ C） forming a fle
38、xible workforce to meet needs in a changing economy. （ D） keeping a workforce at the minimal level. 45 According to the passage, the idea that “moving sideways on the lattice doesnt mean getting sidelined“_ （ A） would discourage employees from choosing telecommuting （ B） might encourage more employe
39、es to apply for flexible work hours （ C） would give employees more chances for their professional promotion （ D） could provide young employees with more financial incentives 45 Right now, theres little that makes a typical American taxpayer more resentful than the huge bonuses being dispersed at Wal
40、l Street firms. The feeling that something went terribly wrong in the way the financial sector is run-and paid-is widespread. Its worth recalling that the incentive structures now governing executive pay in much of the corporate world were hailed as a miracle of human engineering a generation ago wh
41、en they focused once-complacent ECOs with laser precision on steering companies toward the brightest possible futures. So now theres a lot of talk about making incentives smarter. That may improve the way companies or banks are run, but only temporarily. The inescapable flaw in incentives, as 35 yea
42、rs of research shows, is that they get you exactly what you pay for, but it never turns out to be what you want. The mechanics of why this happens are pretty simple. Out of necessity, incentives are often based on an index of the thing you care about-like sound corporate leadership-that is easily me
43、asured. Share price is such an index of performance. Before long, however, people whose livelihoods are based on an index will figure out how to manipulate it-which soon makes the index a much less reliable barometer. Once share price determines the pay of smart people, theyll find away to move it u
44、p without improving-and in some cases by jeopardizing-their company. Incentives dont just fail; they often backfire. Swiss economists Bruno Frey (University of Zurich) and Felix Oberholzer-Gee (Harvard Business School) have shown that when Swiss citizen sare offered a substantial cash incentive for
45、agreeing to have a toxic waste dump in their community, their willingness to accept the facility falls by half. Uri Gneezy (U. C. San Diegos Rady School of Management) and Aldo Rustichini (University of Minnesota) observed that when Israeli day-carecenters fine parents who pick up their kids late, l
46、ateness increases. And James Heyman (University of St. Thomas) and Dan Ariely (Dukes Fuqua School of Business) showed that when people offer passers-by a token payment for help lifting a couch from a van, they are less likely to lend a hand than if they are offered nothing. What these studies show i
47、s that incentives tend to remove the moral dimension from decision-making. The day-care parents know they ought to arrive on time, but they come to view the fines as a fee for a service. Once a payoff enters the picture, the Swiss citizens and passersby ask, “Whats in my best interest?“ The question
48、 they ask themselves when money isnt part of the equation is quite different. “What are my responsibilities to my country and to other people?“ Despite our abiding faith in incentives as a way to influence behavior in a positive way, they consistently do there verse. Some might say banking has no mo
49、ral dimension to take away. Bankers have always been interested in making money, and they probably always will be, but theyve traditionally been well aware of their responsibilities, too. Bankers worried about helping farmers get this years seed into the ground. They worried about helping a new business get off to a strong start or a thriving one to expand. They worried about a couple in their 50s having enough to retire on, and about one in their30s taking on too big a mortgage. These bankers wer
