1、2010年大学生英语竞赛（ NECCS） A类（研究生）初赛真题试卷（精选）及答案与解析 一、 Part Vocabulary and Structure 1 Undergraduate students have no_to the rare hooks in the school library. （ A） entrance （ B） access （ C） way （ D） path 2 The _physicist has been challenged by many people in his field. （ A） respected （ B） respectful （ C） r
2、espective （ D） respect 3 Very few scientists_completely new answers to the worlds problems. （ A） come up to （ B） come down to （ C） come down with （ D） come up with 4 Sometimes a student may be asked to write about his_ to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.
3、（ A） impression （ B） comment （ C） reaction （ D） comprehension 5 Topics for composition should be_to the experiences and interests of the students. （ A） concerned （ B） dependent （ C） suitable （ D） relevant 6 Mr. White works for a chemicals import and export company, but he has been working for this i
4、ndustrial fair, while he is_ from that company. （ A） on leave （ B） on duty （ C） on patrol （ D） on guard 7 When you have finished with that video tape, don t forget to put it in my drawer,_? （ A） do you （ B） will you （ C） don t you （ D） won t you 8 - Have you decided yet?- Yes, we 11_the cheaper opti
5、on. （ A） make up （ B） sort out （ C） go for （ D） lake over 9 In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid （ A） from being beaten （ B） being beaten （ C） beaten （ D） to be beaten 10 As it turned out to be a small house party, we _so formally. （ A） need
6、 not have dressed （ B） must not have dressed （ C） need not dress （ D） must not dress 11 _no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom. （ A） There was （ B） Due to （ C） As to （ D） There being 12 At first the company refused to purchase the equipment, but that decision was_revised. （ A） sub
7、sequently （ B） subjectively （ C） predominantly （ D） preliminarily 13 Chris: I think we might get a good pay rise this year. Sam: _ Tom: I think it s on the cards. Helen: I think it s a sale bet. The company s made a big profit this year. Kate: Youre right, but its still touch and go whether theyll s
8、hare it with us. （ A） That is OK. （ B） That doesnt make sense! （ C） That would be terrible. （ D） Thatll be the day! 14 Miranda: Its getting late. What time is the last subway train, Joe? Joe: I think its already gone. Miranda: Are there any night buses? Joe: I m not sure. Sorry. Miranda:_ Joe: Go ah
9、ead. （ A） Do you mind if I stay here for the night? （ B） Do you mind if 1 use your phone to call a taxi? （ C） Could you give me a ride? （ D） Could you call a taxi for me? 15 Paul: Mark, Im sorry if Ive upset you. Mark: I thought you knew I liked Lucy. Paul: Yes, but I didnt realize you two were seri
10、ous. Mark: I see. Paul: Believe me, _ Mark: Thats OK. Paul: Look, Ill phone her and cancel our date tomorrow. Mark: No, just leave it. （ A） Ill let her know for sure. （ B） Im really sorry! （ C） Ill keep that in mind. （ D） Im not going to let her go. 二、 Part Reading Comperhension 15 Scientists have c
11、ured color blindness in monkeys using gene therapy. As well as allowing color-blind humans to tell red from green, the innovative technique could restore sight to the blind. Sufferers of age-related macular degenerationthe most common cause of blindness in the elderlyare among the millions who could
12、 eventually benefit. Researcher Jay Neitz said: “ If we could find a way to do this with complete safety in human eyes, as we did with monkeys, there would be a lot of people who would want it. We hope the technology will be useful in correcting a lot of different vision disorders. Professor Neitz u
13、sed gene therapyinjections of genesto allow two male squirrel monkeys called Sam and Dalton to see in full color for the first time. Like some humans with red-green colour blindness, the monkeys lacked a pigment that the conesthe colourdetector cells at the back of the eyeneed to see red and green.
14、As a result, they saw both red and green as shades of grey. Other colours, such as orange, blue and brown appeared washed-out. To correct their vision, the US scientists injected the monkeys eyes with millions of copies of a gene needed to make the missing pigment, the journal Nature reports. Import
15、antly, the monkeys were injected with a human gene, suggesting the same technique would work on people. Four months later, their vision suddenly improved. Professor Neitz, of the University of Washington in Seattle, said; “it was as if they woke up and saw these new colours. They unquestionably resp
16、onded to colours that had been invisible to them. “A version of the colour blindness test that is used in schools around the world showed just how much their vision has improved. Dr Katherine Mancuso, the studys lead author, said: “Their performance on red and green was similar, but not quite as goo
17、d, us a female monkey who had normal colour vision since birth. The need to prove that adding genes to the body does not cause harmful side-effects means it will be some time before the method is routinely used to correct colour blindness in humans. Despite this, the researchers are optimistic and p
18、oint out that gene therapy is already being tested on Britons and Americans with a rare, hereditary form of blindness called Lebers congenital amaurosis. The technique could also be adapted to treat other conditions that involve problems with genes in the colour and detail-detecting cone cells at th
19、e back of the eye. These include age-related macular degeneration, in which the deterioration of central vision makes it increasingly difficult to carry out everyday tasks such as reading and driving. Blindness linked to diabetes might also be treated. Cathy Yelf, of the Macular Disease Society, sai
20、d the research was “very interesting“ but cautioned; “A practical gene therapy for macular degeneration is still some way off. 16 What is the most common cause of blindness in the elderly? 17 What technique is used to cure colour blindness in monkeys? 18 What does “cones“ refer to in this report? 19
21、 Why do scientists believe the technique will work on people? 20 What does Cathy Yelf say about the technique s practical application? 20 Rifts were already opening up in the G20 as China hit out at Britain and the US for demanding that China boost its imports of foreign goods. A senior official fro
22、m the Peoples Republic said it was not appropriate in a “market economy“ for a minister to call for a foreign nation to buy more of its products. Speaking at a briefing to reporters, Yu Jianhua of the Ministry of Commerce also described his country as “the biggest victim of protectionism“ by other c
23、ountries. “ China has all along been making tremendous efforts to maintain a basic balance between exports and imports,“ he said. His remarks, made ahead of yesterdays summit meeting, underlined the yawning divisions that: remain between world leaders despite pledges of a “global compact“ in Pittsbu
24、rgh. Western powers like the UK and the US want China to bolster its domestic demand and increase imports as part of a “rebalancing“ of the world economy. They warn American consumers can no longer remain the primary engines of global demand as they bolster savings and repay debts. Leaders have agre
25、ed to boost the status of the G20 and increase the International Monetary Fund representation of China, India and other developing countries as part of the shift to more sustainable patterns of global growth. However, achieving a consensus on a way forward will be extremely difficultnot least becaus
26、e global bodies will still have no ability to dictate economic policy to members. Chancellor Alistair Darling said yesterday; “This does not mean we are in a new world order where we have a G2Q that tells everyone what to do. It is up to each country to decide what is best for them. On financial ref
27、orm, yesterday s G20 deal will see restrictions on bonus payments and requirements forcing banks to hold more capital. Watchdogs will be able to limit payouts to a maximum share of a bank s revenue if it is necessary to strengthen the firm s finances. This stops far short of what French president Ni
28、colas Sarkozy and other European leaders were seekinga set monetary limit. Speaking during Saturdays meetings, Mr Brown, the British prime minister, said; “The whole world community across the board is united in wanting to bring in rules and standards which will stamp out the bad practices of the pa
29、st. 21 At a briefing to reporters, Yu Jianhua said that China is affected most by_. 22 Britain and the USA want China to help the world economy by_. 23 According to this report, what Americans are concerned most about now is_. 24 It is extremely difficult for the G20 nations to achieve a consensus b
30、ecause global bodies it has have no ability to_ . 25 What French president Nicolas Sarkozy and other European leaders were seeking was a set monetary limit to_. 25 Getting a cold or catching the flu is a common complaint for people every year. In fact, people usually catch between two and five colds
31、 a year. No one enjoys the accompanying symptoms : the sore throat, runny nose, constant sneezing and headaches. Not surprisingly, cold medications have become a big business. People spend billions of dollars to combat this recurring problem. We see the number and variety of over-the-counter medicin
32、es each lime we enter a pharmacy. People estimate that, if you combine consume,“ purchases and drains on health care systems, at least 40 billion dollars are spent each year in the US alone. Is a cure for the common cold possible? The answer seems to be both yes and no. First of all, the “common“ co
33、ld itself is not a single disease. Any of two hundred different viruses could be responsible for the symptoms of a cold. Developing a vaccine for the common cold would literally mean having to develop hundreds of vaccines. Additionally, some cold viruses have the ability to change their molecular co
34、mposition. Thus, even though our bodies may become immune to a certain cold virus this winter, by next winter our antibodies will probably not recognize it. However, one family of viruses, the rhinoviruses, seems to account for almost 40% of all colds. Therefore, scientists have been focusing their
35、research on this family of viruses in the hopes that, treatments targeting rhinoviruses will result in a drastic decrease in the number of colds people get. In the late 1990s searchers experienced some initial success. Biologists developed a treatment, an anti-viral molecule called BIRR4, which prev
36、ented the binding of the virus to cells in the nose. This binding is an essential first step in stopping a viral infection and, was it preventable, many infections would be by-passed. For the next few years, the pharmaceutical giant Boehringer tried to make this treatment commercially viable. Unfort
37、unately, they found to their dismay that this treatment only worked just prior to getting a cold or in the first stages of infection, when most people do not yet realize any thing is wrong. As a possible treatment for a cold, it was severely limited and so in 2000. Boehringer dropped the BIRR4 proje
38、ct. Another difficulty in finding a cure for the common cold is that the cold virus does not actually cause our cold symptoms. Indeed, by the time we start to show cold symptoms, the viral infection is almost over. Most infections result in no symptoms at all. The symptoms that we get from a cold ar
39、e, in reality, produced by our body s immune response, not by the virus itself. One way the body fights infection is with an anti-inflammatory response. Part of this response is to dilate blood vessels in the affected area and to make the affected cells release fluid to the surrounding area. In cold
40、, this results in the swelling of the nose and throat, as well as sneezing and a runny nose. This also very similar to how the body reacts when we have allergies. Thus, some scientists are now suggesting targeting the bodys immune responses rather than the virus itself, as we do when we treat allerg
41、ies. One medical researcher suggests that in order to find a cure for colds we must weaken our immune systems response. Through a cocktail of certain drugsinterferon, ibuprofen and chlorpheniraminecold sufferers would be able to decrease the anti-inflammatory part of the immune response and get rid
42、of their symptoms, while still allowing their bodies to fight off the remaining viral infection. Ibuprofen and chlorpheniramine are both inexpensive and available over the counter. Unfortunately, however, a single dose of interferon is about $200 and is as yet unavailable in large over-the-counter q
43、uantities. Though at times it has seemed that a cure was tantalizingly close, this process of infection and our bodies response to it is clearly more complicated than previously guessed. Undoubtedly, the search tor a cure for the common cold will continue. What form this eventual cure will take thou
44、gh, is anyone s guess. 26 It is very difficult to find an effective cure for the common cold. （ A） YES （ B） NO 27 Our immune response to colds is very similar to our immune response to allergies. （ A） YES （ B） NO 28 Chlorpheniramine is too expensive to be used regularly against colds. （ A） YES （ B）
45、NO 29 What is the actual cause of cold symptoms? （ A） The cold virus. （ B） The bodys immune response. （ C） Mixed use of certain drugs. （ D） Delayed treatment. 30 What did scientists find BIRR4 could do? （ A） It could change the cold cycle. （ B） It could strengthen the immune system. （ C） It could on
46、ly treat a cold in the first stages. （ D） It could eliminate all possibilities of getting a cold. 30 A common complaint for people each year is catching a cold. Many uncomfortable symptoms accompany a cold. Each year, cold sufferers spend millions to【 71】_this recurring problem. Any of two hundred d
47、ifferent【 72】 _could cause a cold. Even though our bodies may become【 73】 _to a certain cold virus this winter, by next winter our antibodies will probably not recognize it. However, rhinoviruses account for 40% of the colds we catch. Treating that family of viruses would drastically decrease the nu
48、mber of colds we catch each year. Some scientists are now suggesting【 74】 _the bodys immune responses rather than the virus itself. One researcher suggests that to find a cure for colds we must weaken our immune systems【 75】 _. 三、 Part Cloze 35 I wish my memory worked differently. 1 d like to be abl
49、e to conjure up an accurate image of my【 46】 _(conscious) from, say, 25 years ago. You know what 25 years means? No cellphones, no e-mail, no Internet, no social networking (except with an actual drink in hand) , and only the most primitive of personal computers. What I want to answer is a single【 47】 _: Was I as addicted to the future than as I seem to be now? I ask this because ! really enjoy a new updat
