1、2010年武汉大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Amazon has given in to publisher pressure and agreed to abandon their $9.99 price point for e-Books. PuNisher Macmillan felt that the $9.99 price devalued many of its bestsellers, which often sell for $30 in hardcover format. In response to the pric
2、ing dispute, Amazon briefly removed all Macmillan books from its store last week. However, the boycott lasted only a few days before Amazon gave in to Macmillans demands. In a statement Sunday, Amazon defended its position to customers: Macmillan, one of the “big six“ publishers, has clearly communi
3、cated to us that, regardless of our viewpoint, they are committed to switching to an agency model and charging $12.99 to $14.99 for e-Book versions of bestsellers and most hardcover releases. We have expressed our strong disagreement and the seriousness of our disagreement by temporarily ceasing the
4、 sale of all Macmillan titles. We want you to know that ultimately, however, we will have to capitulate and accept Macmillans terms because Macmillan has a monopoly over their own titles, and we will want to offer them to you even at prices we believe are needlessly high for e-Books. Amazons decisio
5、n to throw in the towel may be related to Macmillans recent agreement to sell books in Apples iBookstore. Amazon has captured an overwhelming share of the e-Book market with its Kindle reader, but if the iPad becomes successful publishers may turn to Apple to sell their e-Books. Publishers seem more
6、 interested in protecting the value of their hardcover books than competing in a digital format. Will higher e-Book prices convince you to purchase a physical copy of your next novel, or will you accept a modest price increase given that e-Books are typically cheaper? 1 What can be said of the prici
7、ng dispute between Amazon and Macmillan? （ A） Macmillan won the dispute. （ B） Amazon won the dispute. （ C） Neither of them won the dispute. （ D） Customers enjoyed the disput 2 “To throw in the towel“ in the last but one paragraph means_ （ A） to make up ones mind to try something （ B） to indicate you
8、r disagreement （ C） to threaten to fight back （ D） to admit that you have been defeated 3 What accounted for Amazons failure to continue its boycott according to its statement? （ A） Amazons cowardice. （ B） Macmillans arrogance. （ C） Amazons generosity. （ D） Macmillans monopoly. 4 Which of the follow
9、ing is true? （ A） Macmillan preferred to sell traditional books rather than e-Books. （ B） Apple made more profit than Amazon in selling e-Books. （ C） Macmillan intended to increase its e-Book market. （ D） Amazon was ready to sell e-Books at lower prices. 4 Drunken driving- sometimes called Americas
10、socially accepted form of murder- has become a national epidemic (流行病 ) . Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers. A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.10 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky dr
11、unk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American man image and judges were tolerant in most courts, but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant. Tw
12、enty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18-20-year-old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21. Reformers, however, fear raising the drinkin
13、g age will have little effect unless accomplished by educational programs to help young people to develop “responsible attitudes“ about drinking and teach them to resist pressure to drink. Tough new laws have led to increased arrests and tests and, in many areas already, to a marked decline in fatal
14、ities. Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks. A tavern (酒店主 ) in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who was “obviously intoxicated“ and later drove off the road, killing a nine-year-old boy. As the fatalities continue to
15、 occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years of national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919. They forget that legal prohibition didnt stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generall
16、y, there is no easy solution. 5 Drunken driving has become a major problem in America because_ （ A） most Americans are heavy drinkers （ B） Americans are now less shocked by road accidents （ C） Accidents attract so much publicity （ D） Drinking is a socially accepted habit in America 6 Statistics issu
17、ed in New Jersey suggested that_ （ A） many drivers were not of legal age （ B） young people were often bad drivers （ C） the level of drinking increased in the 1960s （ D） the legal drinking age should be raised 7 Laws recently introduced in some states have_ （ A） reduced the number of convictions （ B）
18、 resulted in fewer serious accidents （ C） prevented bars from serving drunken customers （ D） specified the amount drivers can drink 8 The problem of drunken driving is difficult to solve because_ （ A） alcohol is easily obtained （ B） drinking is linked to organized crime （ C） legal prohibiting has al
19、ready failed （ D） legislation alone is not sufficient 8 The most widespread fallacy of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are actually caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If col
20、d causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in the isolated Arctic Regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped
21、from airplanes. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then st
22、ood about dripping wet in drafty rooms. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose. If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why a
23、re they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on. No one
24、 has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors such as aspiring, but all they do is relieve the symptoms. 9 Which of the following does NOT agree with the chosen passage? （ A） The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time. （ B） Colds are not caused by cold. （ C） People
25、suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors. （ D） A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has on 10 Arctic explorers may catch colds when _ （ A） they are working in the isolated Arctic Regions （ B） they are writing reports in terribly cold weather （ C） they are free fr
26、om work in the isolated Arctic Regions （ D） they are coming into touch again with the outside world 11 Volunteers of the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit_ （ A） suffered much from coldness （ B） never caught colds （ C） always caught colds （ D） became very strong 12 The passage mainly discu
27、sses _ （ A） the experiments on the Common cold （ B） the viruses of the common cold （ C） the reason and the way people catch colds （ D） the continued spread of common colds 12 Paradise Lost is Miltons masterpiece. Its story is taken from the Bible, about “the fall of man“, that is, how Adam and Eve a
28、re tempted by Satan to disobey God by eating the forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge, and how they are punished by God and driven out of Paradise. In Miltons words, the purpose of writing the epic is to “justify the ways of God to men“, but apparently, Milton is uttering his intense hatred of
29、 cruelness of the ruler in the poem. By depicting Satan and his followers as well as their fiery utterance and brave actions, Milton is showing a Puritans revolt against the dictator and against the established Catholics and the Anglican Church. In the poem God is no better than a cruel and selfish
30、ruler, seated on a throne with a group of angels about him singing songs to praise him. His long speeches are not pleasing at all. He is cruel and unjust in punishing Satan. His angels are stupid. But Satan is by far the most striking character in the poem, who rises against God and, though defeated
31、, still persists in his fighting. The story of Adam and Eve shows Miltons belief in the power of man. God denies them a chance to pursue for knowledge. It is this longing for knowledge that opens before mankind a wide road to intelligent and active life. It has been noted by many critics that Milton
32、s revolutionary feeling makes him forget religious doctrines. The angels who surround God never think of expressing any opinions of their own, and they never seem to have any opinions of their own. The image of God surrounded by such angels resembles the court of an absolute monarch. But Satan and h
33、is followers, who freely discuss all issues in council, remind us of a Republic Parliament. 13 This passage is most probably taken from_ （ A） a review of Miltons Paradise Lost （ B） an introduction to Milton s Paradise Lost （ C） a depiction of the cruelness of the British ruler （ D） an introduction t
34、o English literature 14 In the poem, Satan is described as_ （ A） an evil person （ B） a rebellious hero （ C） selfish and cruel devil （ D） a stupid devil 15 Which 0fthe following can NOT be inferred from this passage? （ A） Good acts as the dictator of the Kingdom. （ B） Satan and his followers act as m
35、embers of Parliament. （ C） The angels are depicted as followers of the King. （ D） Adam and Eve are the people to be enlightene 16 According to this passage, the main purpose of Paradise Lost is to_ （ A） praise God for the creation of the world （ B） change peoples unfavorable impression of Satan （ C）
36、 express his support for the fight of Satan （ D） criticize the cruelness of the British ruler 16 On February 10, the world of psychiatry will be asked, metaphorically, to lie on the couch and answer questions about the state it thinks it is in. For that is the day the American Psychiatric Associatio
37、n (APA) plans to release a draft of the fifth version of its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). Mental illness carrying such stigma () as it does, and the brain being as little-understood as it is, revising the DSM is always a controversial undertaking. This time, however
38、, some of the questions asked of the process are likely to be particularly probing. The DSM, the first version of which was published in 1952, lists recognized psychological disorders and the symptoms used to diagnose them. In the United States, what is in it influences whether someone will be diagn
39、osed with an illness at all, how he will be treated if he is so diagnosed, and whether his insurance company will pay for that treatment. Researchers in other countries generally defer to the DSM, too, making the manuals definitions a lingua franca for the science of medical psychology. And, perhaps
40、 most profoundly, the DSM, then, is an important document. The APA has been working on the latest revision since 1999, and will not release the final version until May 2013. But some people are already accusing it of excessive secrecy and being too ambitious about the changes it proposes. Those crit
41、ics will be picking over the draft next week to see if their fears have been realized. The original DSM reflected the “psychodynamic“ view of mental illness, in which problems were thought to result from an interplay between personality and life history. (Think Freud, Jung and long hours recounting
42、your childhood and dreams.) The third version, which was published in 1980, took a more medical approach. Mental illnesses were seen as distinct and classifiable, like physical diseases. DSM- came with checklists of symptoms that allowed straightforward, unambiguous diagnosis. Psychiatry began to se
43、em less like an art form and more like a science. DSM- also introduced many more diagnoses than had appeared before. These included attention-deficit disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and social phobia. In fact, the number of specific diagnoses more than doubled between DSM- and DSM- , from 1
44、06 to 265. DSM-IV, published in 1994, increased the number to 267, but left the underlying model alone. 17 The fn-st paragraph of the passage above suggests that_ （ A） the world of psychiatry are about to undertake a probing experiment （ B） it is no easy task for the general public to agree on menta
45、l disorders （ C） it is often possible to reach an agreement on the rewriting of the manual （ D） the latest version of the manual will be more successful than its precedents 18 Since its first publication in 1952, the DSM has been influential in that_ （ A） it has caused little problem in the actual d
46、iagnosis of the illness （ B） its stipulation gives exact instructions on the treatment of the illness （ C） its principles are adhered to by not only doctors but also patients （ D） it is widely recognized as an important part of medical psychology 19 All the following statement are true EXCEPT_ （ A）
47、The final draft of the latest version will take four years to complete. （ B） The latest version will introduce a number of changes. （ C） The third version was much more scientific than the earlier versions. （ D） Freud is cited as a scientific account of mental illnesses. 20 Which version of the DSM
48、is given the least discussion in the passage? （ A） The second. （ B） The third. （ C） The fourth. （ D） The fift 二、 English-Chinese Translation 20 I have always disliked being a man. 21. The whole idea of manhood in America is pitiful, in my opinion. Even the expression “Be a man!“ strikes me as insult
49、ing and abusive. It means: Be stupid, be unfeeling, obedient, soldierly and stop thinking. Man means “manly“ - how can one think about men without considering the terrible ambition of manliness? And yet it is part of every mans life. It is a hideous and crippling lie; it not only insists on difference and connives at superiority, it is also by its very nature destructive - emotionally damaging and socially harmful. In is very hard to imagine any concept of manliness that does not bel
