1、2010年职称英语（卫生类） A级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 I want to provide my boys with a decent education. （ A） good （ B） special （ C） private （ D） general 2 Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth. （ A） spend （ B） require （ C）
2、 encourage （ D） attract 3 Steep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people. （ A） danger （ B） case （ C） picture （ D） evidence 4 The project required ten years of diligent research. （ A） hardworking （ B） basic （ C） social （ D） scientific 5 The two banks have announced plans to merge next y
3、ear. （ A） combine （ B） close （ C） break （ D） sell 6 He demolished my argument in minutes. （ A） disputed （ B） accepted （ C） disproved （ D） supported 7 Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners. （ A） polite （ B） similar （ C） usual （ D） bad 8 Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense
4、 value to old people living alone. （ A） equal （ B） moderate （ C） immediate （ D） great 9 He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school. （ A） bad （ B） bright （ C） unclear （ D） general 10 He was kept in appalling conditions in prison. （ A） critical （ B） necessary （ C） normal （ D） t
5、errible 11 I cant put up with my neighbors noise any longer; its driving me mad. （ A） measure （ B） generate （ C） tolerate （ D） reduce 12 I enjoyed the play - it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues. （ A） long （ B） boring （ C） original （ D） humorous 13 Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigo
6、rous exercise every day. （ A） physical （ B） energetic （ C） regular （ D） free 14 Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil. （ A） doubt （ B） relief （ C） confusion （ D） failure 15 Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment. （ A） anger （ B） doubt （ C） love （ D） surprise 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22
7、题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Retirement Brings Most a Big Health Boost The self-reported health of the newly retired improves so much that most feel eight years younger, a new European study suggests. This happy news wa
8、s true of almost everyone except a small minority - only 2 percent - who had experienced “ideal“ conditions in their working life, anyway. “The results really say three things: that work puts an extra burden on the health of older workers, that the effects of this extra burden are largely relieved b
9、y retirement and, finally, that both the extra burden and the relief are larger when working conditions are poor,“ said Hugo Westerlund, lead author of a study published online Nov. 9 in The Lancet (柳叶刀 ). “This indicates that there is a need to provide opportunities for older workers to decrease th
10、e demands in their work out of concern for their health and well-being. “ But of course, added Westerlund, who is head of epidemiology at the Stress Research Institute at Stockholm University in Sweden, “not all older workers suffer from poor perceived health. Many are indeed remarkably healthy and
11、fit for work. But sooner or later, everyone has to slow down because of old age catching up. “ Last week, the same group of researchers reported that workers slept better after retirement than before. “Sleep improves at retirement, which suggests that sleeping could be a mediator between work and pe
12、rception of poor health,“ Westerlund said. This study looked at what the same 15,000 French workers, most of them men, had to say about their own health up to seven years pre-retirement and up to seven years post-retirement. As participants got closer to retirement age, their perception of their own
13、 health declined, but went up again during the first year of retirement. Those who reported being in poorer health declined from 19.2 percent in the year prior to retirement to 14.3 percent by the end of the first year after retiring. According to the researchers, that means postretirement levels of
14、 poor health fell to levels last seen eight years previously. The changes were seen in both men and women, across different occupations, and lasted through the first seven years of not punching the clock. Workers who felt worse before retirement and had lower working conditions reported greater impr
15、ovements as soon as they retired, the team found. 16 Most of the newly retired feel younger and healthier than before. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Older workers are generally as fit for work as younger workers. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Older workers usually get on
16、very well with younger workers. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Europe is aging faster than most other parts of the globe. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The study analyzed the participants perception of their own health in a certain period. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not me
17、ntioned 21 The participants came from various countries in Europe. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The findings of the study apply to conditions all over the world. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段
18、每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Parkinsons Disease 1. Parkinsons disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine (多巴胺 ). Dopamine sends signals to t
19、he part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinsons, these nerve cells Break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to. 2. No one knows for sure what makes thes
20、e nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinsons disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it
21、 is always inherited. 3. Tremor (颤抖 ) may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm o
22、r leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinsons affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation (便秘 ). In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinsons may have a fixed or blank expression, t
23、rouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills. 4. At this time, there is no cure for Parkinsons disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may not even need treatment if your s
24、ymptoms are mild. Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life. Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results. A. Tips for Patients with the Disease B. Co
25、mmon Treatment for the Disease C. Means of Diagnosis of the Disease D. Typical Symptoms of the Disease E. Possible Causes of the Disease F. Definition of Parkinsons Disease 23 Paragraph 1_ 24 Paragraph 2_ 25 Paragraph 3_ 26 Paragraph 4_ 26 A. if there isnt enough dopamine in your body B. what affect
26、s muscles all through your body C. which cannot be cured yet D. if you have a fixed or blank expression E. which may be the first symptom you notice F. what causes Parkinsons disease 27 Youll find it hard to move the way you want to_. 28 A lot of research is being done to find out_. 29 One of the mo
27、st common signs of Parkinsons is tremor,_. 30 A person with Parkinsons has to learn to live with the disease,_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇 短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Do Patients Trust Doctors Too Much? Earlier this year, the American College of Surgeons, the national scientific and
28、 educational organization of surgeons, conducted a nationwide survey that found that the average patient devotes an hour or less to researching his or her surgery or surgeon. While prospective patients worry about the costs or complications of an operation, they dont necessarily look for information
29、 that would address their concerns. In fact, more than a third of patients who had an operation in the last five years never reviewed the credentials of the surgeon who operated. Patients are more likely to spend time researching a job change (on average, about 10 hours) or a new car (8 hours) than
30、the operation they are about to submit to or the surgeon who wields (支配 ) the knife. And many patients are satisfied with the answers they receive from their surgeons or primary care doctors, whoever those individuals happen to be. I felt curious about the survey, so I called Dr. Thomas Russell, exe
31、cutive director of the American College of Surgeons. “There is a tendency for patients not to get particularly involved and not to feel compelled to look into their surgery or surgeons,“ he told me. There are consequences to that kind of blind trust. “Today, medicine and surgery are really team spor
32、ts,“ Dr. Russell continued, “and the patient, as the ultimate decision maker, is the most important member of the team. Mistakes can happen, and patients have to be educated and must understand what is going on. “ In other words, a healthy doctor-patient relationship does not simply entail good beds
33、ide manners and responsible office management on the part of the doctor. It also requires that patients come to the relationship educated about their doctors, their illnesses and their treatment. “If we are truly going to reform the health care system in the U. S. ,“ Dr. Russell said, “everybody has
34、 to participate actively and must educate themselves. That means doctors, nurses, other health care professionals, lawyers, pharmaceutical (制的 ) companies, and insurance companies. But most of all, it means the patient. “ Trust is important. But as Sir Francis Bacon, who was among the first to under
35、stand the importance of gathering data in science, once observed, knowledge is power. 31 According to the author, patients should spend more time （ A） researching the American College of Surgeons. （ B） researching their surgery or surgeons. （ C） researching new cars. （ D） researching job changes. 32
36、 Nowadays patients seem to have （ A） too much trust in their doctors. （ B） too much information about their doctors. （ C） too little faith in their doctors. （ D） a healthy relationship with their doctors. 33 Medicine and surgery are now really team sports in which （ A） patients and doctors play equa
37、lly important roles. （ B） the patient does not have an active role to play. （ C） doctors have the final say in almost everything. （ D） the patient has the most important rote to play. 34 It is wrong to think that a healthy doctor-patient relationship （ A） is dependent just on the doctor. （ B） is a g
38、oal that can be achieved. （ C） entails any effort on the part of the patient. （ D） is what the patient truly desires. 35 The author does NOT believe in （ A） lots of scientific data. （ B） Francis Bacon. （ C） blind trust. （ D） too much knowledge. 35 CT Scans and Lung Cancer Small or slow-growing nodul
39、es (小结节 ) discovered on a lung scan are unlikely to develop into tumors over the next two years, researchers reported on Wednesday. The findings, reported in the New England Journal of Medicine, could help doctors decide when to do more aggressive testing for lung cancer. They could also help patien
40、ts avoid unnecessarily aggressive and potentially harmful testing when lesions (损伤 ) are found. Lung cancer, the biggest cancer killer in the United States and globally, is often not diagnosed until it has spread. It kills 159,000 people a year in the United States alone. The work is part of a large
41、r effort to develop guidelines to help doctors decide what to do when such growths, often discovered by accident, appear in a scan. High-tech (高技术的 ) X-rays called CT scans can detect tumors - but they see all sorts of other blobs (糊涂的一团 ) that are not tumors, and often the only way to tell the diff
42、erence is to take a biopsy (活检 ), a dangerous procedure. At the moment, routine lung cancer screening is considered impractical because of its high cost and because too many healthy people are called back for further testing. Good guidelines could help make lung cancer screening practical, Dr. Rob v
43、an Klaveren of the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, who led the new study, said in a telephone inter view. The team looked at 7,557 people at high risk for lung cancer because they were current and former smokers. All received multidetector (多层螺旋 ) CT scans that measured the siz
44、e of any suspicious-looking nodules. Volunteers who had nodules over 9.7 mm in width, or had growths of 4.6 mm that grew fast enough to more than double in volume every 400 days, were sent for further testing. Of the 196 people who fell into that category, 70 were found to have lung cancer; 10 addit
45、ional cases were found years later. But of the 7,361 who tested negative during screening, only 20 lung cancer cases later developed. In a second round of screening, done one year after the first, 1.8 percent were sent to the doctor because they had a nodule that was large or fast-growing. More than
46、 half turned out to have lung cancer. The result means that if the screening test says you dont have lung cancer, you probably dont, the researchers said. “The chances of finding lung cancer one and two years after a negative first-round test were 1 in 1,000 and 3 in 1,000 respectively,“ they conclu
47、ded. 36 The new study indicates that in case of small or slow-growing lung nodules （ A） you cannot be too careful. （ B） cancer is just a matter of time. （ C） a biopsy is unnecessary. （ D） more aggressive testing is a must. 37 Which is probably NOT true of lung cancer? （ A） Smokers are usually consid
48、ered to be at high risk for it. （ B） It is the leading cause of cancer deaths around the world. （ C） 159,000 new cases of it are diagnosed in the US each year. （ D） It often goes unnoticed until it has spread. 38 According to the passage, good guidelines for lung cancer screening （ A） are a little b
49、it too costly. （ B） do not exist yet. （ C） are being implemented. （ D） have been developed. 39 All the following statements are true EXCEPT （ A） a relatively small number of the volunteers had large or fast-growing nodules. （ B） almost all those with large or fast-growing nodules were found to have lung cancer. （ C） all the volunteers were at high risk for lung cancer. （ D） most of the volunteers tested negative during screening. 40 In the eyes of the research
