1、2010年职称英语（卫生类） B级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 I enjoyed the play - it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues. （ A） long （ B） boring （ C） original （ D） humorous 2 In the process, the light energy converts to heat energy. （ A） reduces
2、 （ B） changes （ C） leaves （ D） drops 3 Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment. （ A） anger （ B） doubt （ C） love （ D） surprise 4 The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village. （ A） caught （ B） killed （ C） found （ D） jailed 5 Such a database would be extremely costly to set
3、 up. （ A） establish （ B） destroy （ C） update （ D） transfer 6 If we leave now, we should miss the traffic. （ A） direct （ B） stop （ C） mix （ D） avoid 7 Hes spent years cultivating a knowledge of art. （ A） sharing （ B） using （ C） denying （ D） developing 8 The two banks have announced plans to merge nex
4、t year. （ A） combine （ B） close （ C） break （ D） sell 9 Many cities have restricted smoking in public places. （ A） limited （ B） allowed （ C） stopped （ D） kept 10 I want to provide my boys with a decent education. （ A） good （ B） special （ C） private （ D） general 11 What are my chances of promotion if
5、I stay here? （ A） retirement （ B） advertisement （ C） advancement （ D） replacement 12 Weve seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues. （ A） clear （ B） regular （ C） quick （ D） great 13 Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners. （ A） polite （ B） similar （ C） usual （ D） bad 14 There
6、 was a profound silence after his remark. （ A） proud （ B） short （ C） sudden （ D） deep 15 The document was compiled by the Department of Health. （ A） written （ B） printed （ C） attached （ D） sent 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题 ，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该
7、句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Breast Cancer Deaths Record Low The number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began. The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11,990 women died in the UK in 2007. The previous lowest figure
8、 had been recorded in 1971 - the year records began - after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s. Professor Peter Johnson, Cancer Research UKs chief clinician, said: “Its incredibly encouraging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years,
9、 despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often. “ “Research has played a crucial role in this progress leading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease. “ “The introduction of the NHS (国民保健制度 ) breast screening program has also contributed as women are more likely t
10、o survive the earlier cancer is diagnosed. “ Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500 women every year diagnosed with the disease- a 500% rise in 25 years. The number of deaths peaked in 1989, when 15,625 women died. It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until
11、 2004. There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two years of falls. Dr. Sarah Cant, policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer, said: “It is great news that fewer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments, breast screening and awareness of the disease. “ “
12、However, this is still too many women and incidence of the disease is increasing year by year. “ The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity (肥胖 ) and alcohol consumption. 16 11,990 women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2007. （ A） Right
13、 （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Breast cancer deaths began to be recorded in the UK in 1971. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The rate of breast cancer diagnosis in the UK has been dropping. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Breast cancer can come back 10 years after you were
14、first diagnosed. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Breast cancer is more common in the UK than in many other countries. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Fewer women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2005 than in 2004. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Obesity and al
15、cohol consumption may also lead to some other diseases. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Parkinsons Disease 1. Parkinsons disease affects the way you move. I
16、t happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine (多巴胺 ). Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When yo
17、u have Parkinsons, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to. 2. No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possi
18、ble causes, including aging and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinsons disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited. 3. Tremor (颤抖 ) may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the dise
19、ase, although not everyone has it. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinsons affects muscles all through your b
20、ody, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation (便秘 ). In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinsons may have a fixed or blank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills. 4. At this time, there is no cure
21、 for Parkinsons disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild. Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily l
22、ife. Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results. A. Tips for Patients with the Disease B. Common Treatment for the Disease C. Means of Diagnosis of the Disease D. Typical Symptoms of the Disease E. Possible Causes
23、 of the Disease F. Definition of Parkinsons Disease 23 Paragraph 1_ 24 Paragraph 2_ 25 Paragraph 3_ 26 Paragraph 4_ 26 A. if there isnt enough dopamine in your body B. what affects muscles all through your body C. which cannot be cured yet D. if you have a fixed or blank expression E. which may be t
24、he first symptom you notice F. what causes Parkinsons disease 27 Youll find it hard to move the way you want to_. 28 A lot of research is being done to find out_. 29 One of the most common signs of Parkinsons is tremor,_. 30 A person with Parkinsons has to learn to live with the disease,_. 四、 阅读理解 (
25、第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Human Heart Can Make New Ceils Solving a longstanding (为时甚久的 ) mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac (心脏的 ) cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows wit
26、h age. The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack, experts say. “We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes (心 肌细胞 ), are renewed,“ said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a
27、professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. “It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with or if they could be renewed,“ he said. The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-
28、old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover (更替 ) rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75. “If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals (药物 ) that promote thi
29、s process to stimulate regeneration after, for example, a heart attack,“ Frisen said. That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts. “A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure,“ noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. “Chronic heart failure ar
30、ises from heart cells dying,“ he said. With this finding, scientists are “opening the door to potential therapies (疗法 ) to having ourselves heal ourselves,“ Bhardwaj said. “Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they
31、are facing. “ But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was e
32、stimated using healthy hearts - whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown. 31 The human heart stops producing cardiac cells （ A） when a person becomes old. （ B） as soon as a person gets sick. （ C） immediately after a person is born. （ D） once a person dies. 32
33、The finding could prove to be useful to （ A） the analysis of cardiac cells. （ B） the prevention of chronic diseases. （ C） the treatment of heart diseases. （ D） the study of longstanding mysteries. 33 In people in their mid-70s, only 0.45 percent of cardiomyocytes （ A） are still functional. （ B） are
34、reduced each year. （ C） are replaced each year. （ D） are damaged each year. 34 Chronic heart failure is attributed to （ A） the dying heart cells. （ B） the effect of pharmaceuticals. （ C） the weight of the patient. （ D） the life span of a person. 35 It is not known yet if the rate of cell turnover in
35、 diseased hearts （ A） is high enough to replace cells faster than theyre dying off. （ B） is of any use to researchers. （ C） is the same as that in healthy hearts. （ D） changes over time. 35 The Iceman On a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy. High
36、 up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet, or 3,200 meters), the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface. It was lying face downwa
37、rd. The skeleton (骨架 ) was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head. There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made
38、 of tree bark (树皮 ) and a holder for arrows. Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I, since several soldiers had already been found in the
39、 area. A Swiss woman believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years old. With modem dating techniques, the scientis
40、ts soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B. C. , he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story. A new kind
41、 of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle. It may have
42、been part of a larger war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself. By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in. We may never know the full story of how he died, but he has given us i
43、mportant clues to the history of those distant times. 36 The body of the Iceman was found in the mountains mainly because （ A） two Germans were climbing the mountains. （ B） the melted ice made him visible. （ C） he was lying on the ice. （ D） he was just on a mountain pass. 37 What can be inferred fro
44、m paragraph 2? （ A） The Iceman was killed while working. （ B） The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head. （ C） The Iceman lived a poor life. （ D） The Iceman was struck dead from behind. 38 All the following are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT （ A） he was a soldier in World W
45、ar I. （ B） he was a Swiss womans long-lost father. （ C） he was born about a thousand years ago. （ D） he came from Italy. 39 The scientists made the deduction that the Iceman （ A） was probably in some kind of a battle. （ B） was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead. （ C） had got a wound on the back of
46、his head. （ D） had a tiny hole in his skin causing his death. 40 The word “bandits“ in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by （ A） soldiers. （ B） hunters. （ C） shooters. （ D） robbers. 40 Acceptance of Chronic Illness For chronically ill patients, giving up the hope that they will get better may actua
47、lly lead to more happiness, U.S. researchers suggest. “Hope is an important part of happiness, but theres a dark side of hope. Sometimes, if hope makes people put off getting on with their life, it can get in the way of happiness,“ Dr. Peter A. Ubel from the University of Michigan Health System said
48、 in a university news release. He and his colleagues studied patients whod just had a colostomy (结肠造口术 ), which means their colons (结肠 ) were removed and they had to have howe1 (肠 ) movements in a pouch (小袋 ) outside the body. At the time of the surgery, some patients were told the procedure was rev
49、ersible and theyd have a second operation in a few months to reconnect their bowels. Other patients were told the colostomy was permanent. The patients were followed for six months, and the researchers found that those without hope of regaining normal bowel function were happier than those with reversible colostomies. “We think they were happier because they got on with their life. They realized the cards they were dealt, and recognized that they had
