1、2011年 9月上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题试卷及答案与解析 Part A Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER B
2、OOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. 0 Whats in a surname? You may ask. A new website project has been released, that helps you (1) . Have you ever wondered why your ancestors gathered where they did, or where others with your surname live now? A research project (2) in Britain answ
3、ers these questions. And another study has found the surnames are (3) . “Smith“, for example, remains the most common surname in Britain. Used by (4) people, it has exactly the same concentration it always did in Lerwick, in the Scottish Shetland Islands. “Jones“ is (5) , and is the most common amon
4、g hill farmers (6) . The data used for this project comes partly (7) . A number of other files are held by Expairing, which is probably Britains (8) . There re some of us who are fairly predictable. “Campbell“, for example, as you might expect, is somewhat concentrated (9) , and it appears really bi
5、zarre to be found anywhere else. Well, with 25,000 names as (10) , what you can do is put them in general categories, if, for example, you look at (11) . Like the name Webber, you might find it is much more common in the Midlands than (12) . If you go to Wales, most people get their names (13) . And
6、 in Yorkshire for example, a lot of people have names (14) that they originally lived in or at least their ancestors did. Well, we only have 25, 000 names on this website, but therere (15) now found in Britain and they re particularly interesting, for (16) . Most British names are fairly common. And
7、 about what we can now do as such is look for (17) from different parts of the world and different faiths, (18) . And what there is in names is actually extremely useful, for researchers in (19) may find a lot about (20) now living in this country. Part B Listening Comprehension Directions: In this
8、part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer yo
9、u have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. （ A） Persevering and facing up to difficult job duties. （ B） Negotiating with the boss about a pay rise. （ C） Asking for a change of work schedule. （ D） Engaging in candid conversation with colleagues. （ A） Seeking the middle ground in
10、 the labor dispute. （ B） Making employees happy without affecting productivity. （ C） Changing ones own attitudes towards the matter quietly. （ D） Experimenting with alternative approaches to the matter. （ A） Offering benchmarks. （ B） Giving up quietly. （ C） Saying it over and over again. （ D） Removi
11、ng the skepticism raised by the boss. （ A） Persevering is the key in getting these special accommodations. （ B） Working from home is a pressing need for many members of the staff. （ C） Frankness is often a good policy in negotiating with bosses. （ D） Flexibility of schedule is an accommodation, not
12、an entitlement. （ A） Fellow employees. （ B） Employer and employee. （ C） Lawyer and client. （ D） Co-producers. （ A） East Asia. （ B） The Middle East. （ C） Northern Europe. （ D） Latin America. （ A） Nationality. （ B） Legitimacy. （ C） Credibility. （ D） Merit. （ A） One. （ B） Three. （ C） Five. （ D） Six. （
13、A） The instant messaging. （ B） Credit payment through Barclaycard. （ C） The mobile wallet. （ D） Ceil-phone toll paying. （ A） The eruption has caused widespread disruption to air traffic. （ B） The authority has imposed a local flight ban. （ C） It might lead to the closure of a large section of Europe
14、an airspace. （ D） The ash particles are coarse and could cause aircraft engines to fail. （ A） A town built on the concept of new urbanism. （ B） The set of the movie The Truman Show. （ C） The Walt Disney Company in Central Florida. （ D） An American Studies project at New York University. （ A） Creatin
15、g environmentally friendly settings. （ B） Planning communities around people rather than automobiles. （ C） Designing towns to encourage interactions between residents. （ D） Going along with practical building trends to sprawl. （ A） Performance anxiety among the town folks. （ B） The Disney boardrooms
16、 plan of investment. （ C） The very high level of media scrutiny. （ D） A vibrant sense of interaction and participation. （ A） It turned out to be a complete failure for many residents. （ B） It was a big commercial success for project developers. （ C） It evolved in ways exactly as predicted by planner
17、s. （ D） It provided a fairly typical American housing landscape. （ A） They are financially capable to make both ends meet living there. （ B） They have high expectations for a quiet community of isolation （ C） Some are disappointed but many more are happy with the community. （ D） Some have high incom
18、es and others are working class folks. （ A） Changes in traditional British breakfast. （ B） A long-standing British custom. （ C） How to dine at a smart restaurant. （ D） What to eat at a greasy-spoon caf. （ A） Bacon. （ B） Eggs. （ C） Fried chips. （ D） Cereal porridge. （ A） Having business meetings duri
19、ng breakfast time. （ B） Serving breakfasts from silver dishes and a sideboard. （ C） Starting a busy day with nourishment and healthy food. （ D） Eating breakfast before arriving at the office for a hard days work. （ A） The smells. （ B） The sounds of the badly-tuned radio. （ C） The ordinary condiment
20、choices. （ D） The eccentric art on the wall. （ A） Even strangers to England have a clear vision about a traditional British breakfast. （ B） A traditional British breakfast is not nourishing and so is added with more protein. （ C） The traditional British breakfast at a greasy car is less than 50% the
21、 atmosphere. （ D） The traditional British breakfast is getting more popular in London. 一、 SECTION 2 READING TEST Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, A, B, C or D, to each question. Answer a
22、ll the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write tile letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 40 St Johns Hospital in Bath was established in 1180 to provide healing and homes by the bubbling s
23、pa springs for the poor and infirm. The charity is still there 830 years later: a much valued health and care service for the elderly. This demonstrates our countrys great charitable tradition in health. The Governments desire to put citizens and patients first is both core to the current health ref
24、orms and a guiding mission for the countrys great charities and social enterprises. The words of the Health Secretary, Andrew Lansley, “no decision about me, without me“, are our driving passion. We have a dual role. to deliver health services, undertake research and provide care and compassion to t
25、hose most in need; and to act as an advocate and adviser. We are sometimes a challenger of the health establishment and always a doughty champion for patients. For these reforms to be a success we must ensure a much stronger role for the third sector. That is why we strongly support the policy of “a
26、ny willing provider“. The previous Government was profoundly mistaken in pursuing a policy of the NHS as “preferred provider“, which implied that services from our sector were less valued than the States. In fact, through a big expansion of the role of charities and social enterprises in providing c
27、are, we can provide more cost-effective and citizen-focused services. This is not about privatisation. What matters is what is delivered, not who delivers it. This must be at the heart of health service reform. Charities can offer a better deal in so many ways. In 2008 the NHS spent just over 0. 05
28、per cent of its healthcare budget through charities. In other words this is a virtually untapped resource waiting to be used. To me, competition in the NHS means British Red Cross volunteers being able to help more people to adapt to life at home after a lengthy spell in hospital, so preventing the
29、need for readmission. Those who get this support are often aged over 65 and have experienced a fall. Volunteers bring them home, settle them in, advise neighbours or relatives of their return, check on pets, help to prepare a meal and make a further visit to ensure that they are safe and well. Such
30、schemes can save the typical NHS commissioner up to 1 million a year. Competition in the NHS would also mean an environmental charity such as BTCV running more “green gyms“, which give people a physical workout while taking part in environmental projects. So far, more than 10,000 people-often referr
31、ed by GPs-have taken part. An evaluation found that the positive impact on mental and physical health, not to mention the acquisition of new skills, means that the State saves $153 for every $100 it invests. On top of that, it has a positive impact on local communities and the environment. Do we wan
32、t less of this or more? I suspect that for most of us the answer is obvious. Those who rely most on the NHS are the vulnerable, the very people charities were set up to help, precisely because they were being let down by the status quo. If groups such as the Red Cross and BTCV can do a better job th
33、an the NHS, we should let them. Promoting wellbeing and preventing ill health have for too long been neglected aspects of the NHSs role. These reforms rightly put emphasis on public health. Giving a role in health back to local councils is long overdue. The new health and wellbeing boards may provid
34、e the opportunity to get more resources behind public health as well as, for the first time, giving elected councillors the chance to scrutinise NHS resources. Preventing diabetes through better education, diet and exercise is always a better approach than picking up the costs of a growing number of
35、 people with diabetes. Charities such as Diabetes UK, working with councils and GPs, are critical to achieving that. Of course there are challenges in introducing reforms. Of course proper funding is crucial. We want to ensure that there is a strategic approach to commissioning, including national g
36、uidelines. We want the new GP consortia to take full advantage of the opportunity to expand their work with our sector. The challenge we face as a country is to build on the sure foundations of our NHS to provide service that recognises and expands the work of charities, promotes partnerships betwee
37、n State, third and private sectors and moves on from arcane arguments over privatisation. 41 The author introduced St Johns Hospital in Bath at the beginning of the passage_. （ A） to show the 830 year history of health and care service in Bath （ B） to provide an example of the British Red Cross prac
38、tice （ C） to illustrate the British charitable tradition in health and care service （ D） to explain the challenge that the British health establishment is facing 42 When the author writes “which implied that services from our sector were less valued than the States(para. 3), the expression “our sect
39、or“ most probably refers to_. （ A） The National Health Service （ B） St Johns Hospital in Bath （ C） charities and social enterprises （ D） private institutions and companies 43 When the author says “This is not about privatisation “(para. 4), he indicates that _. （ A） privatisation is the inevitable r
40、oad for health care reform （ B） privatised health service can be a major complement to the NHS system （ C） privatisation is used by volunteers as a defence in the argument over health care reform （ D） privatisation is used by some people as a criticism against health service reform 44 According to t
41、he passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT that_. （ A） charities can be a great resource to be used in health and care service （ B） competition in the NHS should be stopped immediately by local councils （ C） the expansion of the role of social enterprises can provide effective health service （
42、 D） more resources should be tapped in promoting wellbeing and preventing ill health 45 Which of the following can serve as a logical conclusion of the passage? （ A） Stop arguing over private or public delivery on health and choose what is best for patients. （ B） Local councils should play a decisiv
43、e role in the health service reform. （ C） Preventing ill health through education is a better approach than treating patients with illnesses. （ D） The reform of the NHS is at the heart of health service reform in the United Kingdom. 45 Americans have become addicted to superlatives. We seem to need
44、our regular “hyperbole fixes“ as if to validate our own existence. This national syndrome becomes most egregious during the run- up to the “Super Bowl,“ a football game that more often than not turns out to be the “ho-hum“ bowl. But to the attuned ear, this pumped-up hype routinely infects most of o
45、ur conversations. This exaggeration is not the exclusive province of the magpies of sports talk. In a broader sense, some of these embellishments carry with them a subtle but undeniable element of dishonesty. The news media is perhaps most culpable in promoting our obsession with overstatement. Cons
46、ider last Novembers midterm elections. Televisions political pundits portrayed the results as a “landslide victory“ for Republicans and a rejection of President Obama. While its true that the GOP picked up 63 seats, the “massive win“ becomes a slim plurality when you crunch the numbers. Michael McDo
47、nald, a professor of politics at Virginias George Mason University, found that only 41 percent of eligible voters even bothered to vote in the so-called GOP landslide. And within that 41 percent, the margin of victory for House Republicans in the national popular vote was about 7 percent. Still, the
48、 media acted as though America had become a tea party nation. In reality, more Americans identify as Democrats (31 percent) than Republicans (29 percent), according to a recent Gallup survey. Distortions like this tend to be at their most shameful during triumphs and tragedies, precisely when facts
49、and events should be able to stand on their own without being propped up by the banalities of those paid to read a TV teleprompter. I recall during CNNs live coverage of Pope John Paul s funeral in 2005, one of my colleagues gushed in her impromptu on-air eulogy that the late pontiff was “the pope of the whole world!“ Such silly media pronouncements are so common that few of us even notice them as they float off into the ether. Yet such hyperbole is not just pompous; it also reveals considerable ignorance. My former collea
