1、2011年职称英语（卫生类） B级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Jane said that she couldnt tolerate the long hours. （ A） spend （ B） take （ C） last （ D） stand 2 At that time, we didnt fully grasp the significance of what had happened. （ A） give （ B） attac
2、h （ C） understand （ D） lose 3 His shoes were shined to perfection. （ A） cleared （ B） washed （ C） mended （ D） polished 4 Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer. （ A） reported （ B） hoped （ C） answered （ D） admitted 5 We have to act within the existing legal framework. （ A） system （ B） limi
3、t （ C） procedure （ D） status 6 The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our lives. （ A） effort （ B） problem （ C） influence （ D） concern 7 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses. （ A） relative （ B） general （ C） continuous （ D） sharp 8 Th
4、ey converted the spare bedroom into an office. （ A） reduced （ B） turned （ C） moved （ D） reformed 9 Mr. Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year. （ A） held （ B） increased （ C） expected （ D） offered 10 We need to extract the relevant financial data. （ A） obtain （ B） store （ C） save
5、 （ D） review 11 The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy. （ A） choice （ B） idea （ C） decision （ D） reason 12 We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference. （ A） investigated （ B） offered （ C） included （ D） accepted 13 Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some
6、work to do. （ A） saying （ B） doubting （ C） thinking （ D） knowing 14 She always finds fault with everything. （ A） simplifies （ B） criticizes （ C） evaluates （ D） examines 15 The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular. （ A） general （ B） traditional （ C） magnificent （ D） strong 二、 阅读判断 (
7、第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Relieving the Pain “ Exercise may be the best treatment of chronic pain, “ say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain. “ People with chronic pain need to stop lying around, go
8、out more, and start exercising. “ The instinctive reaction to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain. But it seems that this is often not productive, especially in the case of back pain. Back pain, after headaches and tiredness, has become the third most common reason
9、for people to visit their doctors. Painful backs now account for millions of days off work. Lumbar pains are partly the price humans pays for taking their forelimbs off the ground, but they are made worse by a sedentary (久坐不动 ) lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility and strengt
10、h of muscles, so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain. Exercise is essential. It releases endorphins(内啡肽 ) , the bodys “feel-good“ chemicals, which are natural painkillers. In fact, these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfo
11、rtable level of endorphins in the body. Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than exercise. Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy, doctors frequently do not know the precise cause of the discomfort, and as the pain continues,
12、 sufferers end up taking stronger doses or a series of different drugs. “Its crazy, “ says Dr. Brasseur, a therapist at the International Association for the Study of Pain. “Some of them are taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors. Ive just seen a patient who was taking two drugs whic
13、h turned out to be the same thing under different names. A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided. Once patients have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up, their medication is cut down as much as possible. Taking patients off drugs a
14、lso prepares them for physical activity. In some pain-relief clinics, patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercises, followed by an hour on exercise bikes. Later in the day, they practice tai chi (太极 ) , self-defense , and deep thought. This compares with an average of two-
15、and-a-half hoursphysiotherapy (理疗 ) a week in a traditional hospital program. “The idea is to strengthen and to increase long-lasting energy, flexibility, and confidence, “ explains Bill Wiles, a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool. “Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work and resume healt
16、hy active lifestyles much sooner than those subjected to more conservative treatment. “ 16 To treat pain, patients should stop moving around. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Headaches are partly caused by lack of exercise. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Exercise helps to tak
17、e the pressure off the site of pain. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Doctors often use drugs such as endorphins to treat patients. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Backache sufferers often end up taking more than one drug to kill pain. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned
18、21 Exercise helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 New pain clinics ask patients to give up drugs completely. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6
19、个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 The Meaning of Dreams 1 Dreams play an import role in our lives. If they can be correctly interpreted, we can come to understand ourselves better. Here, we look at four common dreams and what they potentially symbolize. 2 I can see thei
20、r laughing faceslaughing at me. But they arent as smart. If they were, theyd be up here flying with me| This dream has both positive and negative connotations (涵义 ). On the positive side, the dream may express a strong desire to travel and get away from everyday routine. It can be interpreted as a p
21、owerful desire to achieve. On the other hand, this dream can mean the person has a problem or is afraid of something and they wish to escape. The dream could represent an inferiority complex (自卑情绪 ), which the dreamer attempts to escape from by putting themselves up above others. 3 Im moving from fa
22、st now, but its still behind me. Doesnt matter how fast I go, I still cant escape. Although this is a traditional symbol of health and vitality(生命力 ) like the other one, it can also suggest the dreamer is trying to escape from danger. Usually, fear is prominent emotion. By running hard, the dreamer
23、can possibly escape the threat. However, they can also stumble (蹒跚 ) or worse still stop moving altogether. This makes dream even more terrifying(恐怖的 ). One possible interpretation suggests that the dreamer is under pressure in their everyday life-. 4 Im sweating and my heart is beating. Im trapped
24、in my own bed. In this dream, the person is often standing on a high, exposed place such as on the top of a tower, or on the edge of a cliff. The overwhelming(强烈的 ) feeling changes from anxiety to loss of control. There is nothing to stop the person, and the feeling as he go over the edge can be hor
25、rifyingly(恐怖地 ) real. Fortunately, just before hitting the ground, the dreamer awakens with a sense of enormous relief. This dream suggests that the dreamer is afraid of losing control and has a fear of failure or even death. 5 The wind is pushing me and I slip. Theres nothing I can do. . . nothing
26、I can hold on to. This symbol is associated with fear; suddenly the dreamer loses all power of movement. They try hard to move their arms and legs, but they simply cannot. Frozen in a terrifying situation with no escape, they became more and more terrified as the seconds go by. Another frequent cont
27、ext for this dream is failing to do something in public, often something which you are normally very good at, such as your job. Not only is this extremely embarrassing, but it also shows a deep-seated phobia (恐惧 ) of losing a job arid a livelihood. A. Dream of diving into the water B. Dream of runni
28、ng hard C. Dream of falling down D. Dream of flying into the air E. Dream of being pushed away F. Dream of climbing trees 23 Paragraph 2_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph 4_ 26 Paragraph 5_ 26 A. be under pressure in everyday life B. feel tired in real life C. be afraid of losing his jobs in real life D
29、. feel lonely in everyday life E. feel inferior in reality F. be afraid of losing control in real life 27 If a person puts himself up above others in the dream, he may_. 28 If a person dreams of being chased by others, he may_. 29 If a person dreams of going over the edge of a cliff, he may_. 30 If
30、a person dreams of failing to do something in public, he may_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Sprained Ankle One of the most common injuries teenagers and adults experience is a sprained ankle. A sprain occurs when the ligaments (韧带 ) of a joint are twisted (扭
31、伤 ) and possibly torn. Ligaments are bands of fibers that hold the bones of a joint in position. A sprain can occur from a sudden twisting at the joint, or a stretching or tearing of the fibers of the ligaments. The injured area usually swells (肿胀 ) and becomes black and blue. Stepping off the sidew
32、alk at the wrong angle or having one foot land in a hole while walking or running can leave you rolling on the ground in pain with an ankle on fire! If you cannot walk with experiencing intense pain, you must seek medical help. If the pain is manageable, and you can walk, here are three words to hel
33、p you remember how to treat yourself: Elevate (抬高 ) Cool Bandage (打绷带 ) As soon as there is injury to that ligament, there will be a certain amount of bleeding under the skin. Once the blood pools around the damaged blood vessels, swelling occurs. The pressure from the swelling results in additional
34、 stress and tenderness to the region. In order to reduce the degree of swelling, lie down as soon as possible and keep the ankle elevated so that it is actually higher than your heart. Next, to reduce blood distribution and keep bleeding(流血 ) to minimum, apply a cold pack. After 20 minutes, take the
35、 pack off, wait half an hour, and then reapply. This can be several times a day for a total of three days. Never leave a cold pack on for more than 20 minutes at a time. Reducing the temperature in that area for an extended period of time signals the body to increase blood flow to raise the body tem
36、perature! Therefore, one accidentally triggers (引起 ) more blood distribution to the affected area by leaving a cold pack on for too long! Finally, bandage the angle. Be careful not to wind it too tightly; doing so can restrict blood flow and cause harm to the entire foot. 31 A sprain is caused by_.
37、（ A） blood vessels being hurt in the foot （ B） ligament fibers of a joint being twisted （ C） constantly changing body temperature （ D） elevating ones ankle 32 The black-and-blue symptom of a sprain is due to_. （ A） pressing ones ankle （ B） a tight bandage （ C） applying a cold pack （ D） bleeding unde
38、r the skin 33 The word “it“ in paragraph 2 (line5) refers to_. （ A） injury （ B） pressure （ C） swelling （ D） ankle 34 Once the initial cold pack is removed, what is to be done? （ A） Begin bandaging the ankle. （ B） Wait 30 minutes and then reapply the ice pack for 20 minutes. （ C） Keep the ankle in a
39、position lower than your heart. （ D） wait 20 minutes and then reapply the ice pack for 30 minutes. 35 The main idea of the passage is to explain_. （ A） how to treat a sprained ankle （ B） how a sprain occurs （ C） how to bandage an injured foot （ D） how to reduce the temperature 35 Preventing Child Ma
40、ltreatment Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment. Data for many countries, especially low and middle-income countries, are lacking. Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to stu
41、dy. Current estimates vary widely, depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 10% of men report being sexually abused as children, while 25-50% of all children report being physically abused. Additionally, m
42、any children are subject to emotional abuse (sometimes referred to as psychological abuse). Every year, there are an estimated 31, 000 homicide deaths in children under 15. This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are
43、incorrectly attributed to falls, burns and drowning. Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous an
44、d immune systems. Consequently, as a-dults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural, physical and mental health problems. Via the behavioural and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infections. Beyond th
45、e health consequences of child maltreatment, there is an economic impact, including costs of hospitalization, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term health costs. A number of risk factors for child maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social a
46、nd cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment. It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being ma
47、ltreated, such as being either under four years old or an adolescent, being unwanted, or failing to fulfill the expectations of parents and having special needs, crying persistently or having abnormal physical features. 36 International studies reveal that_. （ A） many children have been neglected （
48、B） child maltreatment is most serious in developed countries （ C） 20% of children have been sexually abused （ D） 25 50% of children have been physically abused 37 The word “underestimates“ in paragraph 3 means_. （ A） exaggerates （ B） points out （ C） assumes （ D） miscalculates 38 Child maltreatment c
49、an bring all the following consequences EXCEPT_. （ A） stress （ B） suicide （ C） heart disease （ D） poor memory 39 Children are more likely to be maltreated if they_. （ A） cry a lot （ B） are not good-looking （ C） are over 4 years old （ D） are quiet 40 We can infer from the passage that_. （ A） researchers have collected enough data on child maltreatment （ B） more than 31, 000 children under 15 are killed every year （ C） many countries
