[外语类试卷]2011年职称英语(理工类)B级真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2011年职称英语(理工类) B级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题,每题 1分,共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中,请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 We need to extract the relevant financial data. ( A) store ( B) obtain ( C) save ( D) review 2 His shoes were shined to perfection. ( A) cleared ( B) polished ( C) washed ( D) mended 3 She a

2、lways finds fault with everything. ( A) simplifies ( B) evaluates ( C) criticizes ( D) examines 4 Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do. ( A) doubting ( B) thinking ( C) saying ( D) knowing 5 They converted the spare bedroom into an office. ( A) reduced ( B) moved ( C) refor

3、med ( D) turned 6 Mr. Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year. ( A) held ( B) increased ( C) expected ( D) offered 7 We have to act within the existing legal framework. ( A) limit ( B) procedure ( C) status ( D) system 8 Jane said that she couldnt tolerate the long hours. ( A) s

4、pend ( B) take ( C) stand ( D) last 9 At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened. ( A) give ( B) attach ( C) understand ( D) lose 10 The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular. ( A) general ( B) traditional ( C) strong ( D) magnificent 11 Marsha confes

5、sed that she knew nothing of computer. ( A) admitted ( B) reported ( C) hoped ( D) answered 12 The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy. ( A) choice ( B) idea ( C) decision ( D) reason 13 The high -speed trains can have a major impact on ourlives. ( A) effort ( B) problem ( C) conce

6、rn ( D) influence 14 We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference. ( A) offered ( B) included ( C) accepted ( D) investigated 15 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses. ( A) continuous ( B) relative ( C) general ( D) sharp 二、 阅读判断

7、 (第 16-22题,每题 1分,共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择 A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择 B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择 C。 15 Lakes, Too, Feel Global Warming Theres no doubt, In the last few decades, the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it has been in hundreds of years. Around the world, p

8、eople are starting to measure the effects of global warming and trying to figure out what to do about it. Scientist recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world and they found that lakes are heating up. Between 1985 and 2009, satellites recorded the night time tempera

9、tures of the surfaces of 167 lakes. During those 24 years, the lakes got warmer by an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year. In some places, lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate, a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius in just 10 years. That diff

10、erence may seem small, you might not even notice it in your bath. But in a lake, slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae(水藻 ) and algae can make the lake poisonous to fish. The study shows that in some regions, lakes are warming faster than the air around them. This is important because s

11、cientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how Earth is warming. By using lake temperatures as well, scientists can get a better picture of global warming. The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world. Thats goi

12、ng to be useful, since no matter the country is too big or too small, cant ignore climate changes. Scientists arent the only ones concerned. Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming of the planet. Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it, e

13、specially by reducing the amount of greenhouse (温室 )gases we put into the air. Thats why the United Nations started the Framework Convention on Climate Change, or UNFCCC. Every year the convention meets, and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and disc

14、uss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world. 16 Scientists have been keeping records of lake temperatures for over 30 years. ( A) Right ( B) Wrong ( C) Not mentioned 17 The temperatures of lakes around the world have increased greatly between 1985 -2009. ( A) Right ( B) Wrong ( C) Not

15、mentioned 18 Lakes seem to be warming faster in Asia. ( A) Right ( B) Wrong ( C) Not mentioned 19 A slight temperature increase in a lake could be harmful for fish. ( A) Right ( B) Wrong ( C) Not mentioned 20 Scientists generally focus on air temperatures when studying global warming. ( A) Right ( B

16、) Wrong ( C) Not mentioned 21 Global warming is less threatening to small countries. ( A) Right ( B) Wrong ( C) Not mentioned 22 UNFCCCs annual meeting will be held in Mexico this year. ( A) Right ( B) Wrong ( C) Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题,每题 1分,共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务: (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选

17、项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题; (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 The IPad The IPad is a tablet computer(平板电脑 ) designed and developed by Apple. It is particularly marketed as a platform for audio and visual media such as books, periodicals(期刊 ), movies, music and games, as well as web content. At about

18、 1.5 pounds (680 grams), Its size and weight are between those of most contemporary smartphones and laptop computers. Apple released the IPad in April 2010, and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 years. The IPad runs the same operating system as IPod Touch and IPhone. It can run its own application

19、s as well as ones developed for IPhone. Without modification, it will only run programs approved by Apple and distributed via its online store. Like IPhone and iPod Touch, the IPad is controlled by a multitouch display, a break from most previous tablet computers, which uses a pressure - triggered s

20、tylus(触控笔 ). The IPad uses a Wi - Fi data connection to browse (浏览 ) the Internet, load and stream media and install software. Some models also have a 3G wireless data connection which can connect to GSM 3G data networks. The devices is managed and synchronized(同步 ) by ITunes on a personal computer

21、via USB cable. An IPad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and interesting things. There are lots of IPad applications that the owner can use to enhance the way they communicate. Some of these are how to use social networking sites and other online options. One o

22、f the most common uses is for e - mail services. IPad applications like Markdown Mail allow the adoption of specific and particular options. They enable the owner to personalize their email accounts. While the IPad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up by business users. Some compani

23、es are adopting IPads in their business offices by distributing or making available IPads to employees. Examples of uses in the workplace include lawyers responding to clients, medical professionals accessing health records during patient exams and managers approving employee requests. A survey by F

24、rost smokers who did not use cigarettes to self - medicate, improve mood or physical 【 58】 _;smokers who used cigarettes to self - medicate. Depressive symptoms were measured u-sing a scale that asked how often participants felt too tired to do things; had 【 59】 _going to sleep or staying 【 60】 _; f

25、elt unhappy, sad, or depressed; felt hopeless about the future; felt vexed, antsy or tense; and worried too much a-bout things. “Smokers who used cigarettes as mood 【 61】 _had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked,“ says co -researcher Jennifer OLoughlin, a pro

26、fessor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. “Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of 【 62】 _depressive symptoms. “ The 【 63】 _between depression and smoking exists 【 64】 _among teens that use cigarett

27、es to feel better. “Its 【 65】 _to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke,“ says Dr. Chaiton. ( A) examine ( B) increase ( C) decrease ( D) diagnose ( A) social ( B) financial ( C) emotional ( D) poli

28、tical ( A) Whatever ( B) Although ( C) Whenever ( D) What ( A) effects ( B) methods ( C) steps ( D) directions ( A) beside ( B) beyond ( C) in ( D) about ( A) exposed ( B) expanded ( C) located ( D) detected ( A) groups ( B) sets ( C) species ( D) versions ( A) world ( B) activity ( C) state ( D) be

29、auty ( A) time ( B) courage ( C) energy ( D) trouble ( A) asleep ( B) awake ( C) still ( D) silent ( A) reducers ( B) improvers ( C) creators ( D) removers ( A) changing ( B) identifying ( C) developing ( D) overcoming ( A) difference ( B) association ( C) cooperation ( D) agreement ( A) occasionall

30、y ( B) scarcely ( C) probably ( D) principally ( A) illogical ( B) unscientific ( C) meaningless ( D) important 2011年职称英语(理工类 ) B级真题试卷答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题,每题 1分,共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中,请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题有一定难度,干扰项干扰较大,如果不确定 extract的意思,要迅速查词典,注意找 extract引申意义, extra

31、ct本义是 “提取 ”,引申意义是 “采集,设法得到 ”等,只有 obtain(获得 )是其近义解释是答案。 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题难度不大,干扰项 干扰不明显。查词典,找到 shine的引申意思 “擦亮 ”,选项里只有 polish有 “擦亮鞋 ”的意思,所以确定答案不难,本题是送分题。 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题信号词是 fault,指 “错误 ”。 criticize是 “批评 ”的意思,所以考生只要记住了 criticize的意思,不难选出答案是 C,否则就老老实实查词典。evaluate指 “评估 ”,和题干的意思差别太大,是干扰项。本题难度不大,应该

32、说也是送分题。 4 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题有一定难度,干扰项干扰较大,似乎除了 A项外,其他三项都可以。 remark和 say是同义词,都有 “说 ”的意思,所以答案只能是 C。一些考生对 remark这个词记不住,如果不查词典,往往以为是重新做记号,实际上remark和 mark一词,意思变化较大,考生要注意两个词的区别。 5 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题有一定难度, C项的干扰较大,有相当考生选了 C, reform是“改革 ”的意思,而词组 turn into指 “把什么变成什么 ”,最符合 converted的意思,是答案。 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】

33、本题难度不大,干 扰项干扰不强, accelerate有 “加快,加大 ”的意思,选项里,只有 increased是其近义解释,是答案。 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题有一定难度,干扰性较强。 framework有 “框架,机构,组织,范围 ”等意思, limit指 “限制,限定 ”, status指 “地位 ”,干扰不大, procedure指 “程序 ”, system指 “制度,体系 ”,有考生选 B,但只有 D和 framework的意思最接近,是答案。 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题难度不大,干扰项干扰不强,是送分题。 确定 tolerate的意思是 “忍受 ”,

34、不难发现只有 stand的引申意思是 “忍受 ”,是同义词,因此即可确定答案。 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题的信号词是 significance,意义。理解,领会意义,在逻辑上讲得通, understand,理解,领会,是 grasp的同义解释,因此只能选 C。此外,本题干扰项干扰不大,考生很很容易选对。 grasp的引申意义项就有 “理解,领会 ”的意思,考生平常记忆单词,查词典要注意单词的引申意义项。 10 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题难度不大, 干扰项干扰不大,是送分题。确定 spectacular的引申意思是壮观的。不难找到答案 magnificent(宏伟的 )。

35、 11 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题难度不大,干扰项干扰不大,是送分题。确定 confess的引申意思是 “承认 ”,不难找到答案 admitted。 12 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题有一定难度,干扰项干扰较大,虽然 4个选项的意思不难识别,但确定最佳答案还需斟酌。只有 reason(理由 )的意思最贴切,是最佳答案。 13 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题难度不大,是送分题,干扰项可以说无干扰性,确定 impact的引申意义有 “影响 ”的意思,不难找到答案 influence 14 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题难度不大,干扰项干扰不大,要确定好单词的引申意义。

36、explore的引申意义有 “探讨 ”,考生要注意, investigate的本义是 “调查 ”,引申意义是 “研究 ”,是 explore的近义解释,是答案。 15 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 考生多数对 steady这个词不陌生,指 “稳步,稳定 ”。 continuous这个词指 “连续不 断地 ”,因此只有 A项的意思最接近,所以答案只能是 A。 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题,每题 1分,共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择 A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择 B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择

37、 C。 16 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题难度不大,答案依据比较明显,在文章第二段第二句:Between l985 and 2009, satellites recorded the nighttime temperatures of the surfaces of 167 lakes很明显,是 24年,而不是 30多年,题干和原文句意不符,答案是 B。 17 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题难度不大,答案依据比较明显 ,在文章第二段第三句: During those 24 years, the lakes got warmerby an average of about O 04

38、5 degree Celsius per year,很明显,每年湖水的温度平均才上升 O 045度,题干却说 have increased greatly,和原文句意明显不符,答案是 B。 18 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题难度较大,答案依据不明显,需要通读全文。通读全文可以发现,文章并没有提到亚洲地区的湖水升温更快些,本题是没有提及的,答案是C。 19 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题难度不大,答案依据比较明显,在文章第三段最后一句: But in a lake, slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae(水藻 ), a

39、nd algae can make the lake poisonous to fish谈到湖水温度上升会产生很多水藻,给湖里的鱼类带来毒害,题干和原文句意相符,答案是 A。 20 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题难度不大,答案依据比较明显,在文章第四段第二句 This is important because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how Earth is warming谈到科学家在研究地球变暖问题时需要测量空气的温度,题干 和原文句意相符,答案是 A。 21 【正确答案】 B 【试题解

40、析】 本题难度不大,答案依据比较明显,在文章第五段第一到第三句:Thats going to be useful, since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate changes Scientists arent the only ones concerned Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming of the planet谈到无论大国家还是小国家都要受到气候变暖的影响,题干却说 less threatening to

41、 small countries,和原文句意不符,答案是 B。 22 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题难度较大,答案依据不明显,需要通读全文。通读全文可以发现,文章并没有提到 UNFCCC年度会议今年在墨西哥举行的事实,本题是没有提及的,答案是 C。 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题,每题 1分,共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项 测试任务: (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题; (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题难度不大,段落主旨句比较明显,是本段

42、的第一句: The IPad runs the same operating system as IPod Touch and IPhone回来看选项, B项和本段的主旨句相近,简单概括了本段意思,是答案。 24 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 本题有一定 难度,需要细心找到段落的主旨旬。通读本段后,可以发现,主旨句只要是是本段的前两句: Like IPhone and iPod Touch, the IPad is controlled by a multitouch display,和 The IPad uses a WiFi data connection to browse(浏览 )t

43、he Internet,回来看选项, F项和本段的主旨句相近,简单概括了本段意思,是答案。 25 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题难度不大,段落主旨句比较明显,是本 段的第一句: An IPad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and interesting things回来看选项, D项和本段的主旨句相近,简单概括了本段意思,是答案。 26 【正确答案】 E 【试题解析】 本题难度不大,段落主旨句比较明显,是本段的第一句: While the IPad is mostly u

44、sed by consumers it also has been taken up by business users回来看选项, E项和本段的主旨句相近,简单概括了本段意思,是答案。 27 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题有一定难度,带着题干信息词回文章定位,答案依据在第一段的最后一句: Apple released the IPad in April 2010, and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 years回来看选项, B项和原文句意相近,是答案。 28 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题有一定难度,带着题干 信息词回文章定位,答案依据

45、在第二段的最后一句: Without modification, it will only run programs approved by Apple and distributed via its online store回来看选项, C项和原文句意相近,是答案。 29 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 本题有一定难度,带着题干信息词回文章定位,答案依据在第四段的最后两句: IPad applications like Markdown Mail allow the adoption of specific and particular options They enable the own

46、er to personalize their email accounts回来看选项, F项和原文句意相近,是答案。 30 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题有一定难度,带着题干信息词回文章定位,答案依据在文章最后一段的最后一句: A survey by Frost&Sullivan shows that IPad usage in workplaces is linked to the goals of increased employees productivity, reduced paperwork, and increased revenue回来看选项, A项和原文句意相近,是答

47、案。 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题,每题 3分,共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容,为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查的是考生的阅读基本功,要老老实实从文章的第一段看到最后一段,文章谈论手机唯一没有的就是手机是否廉价问题,因此 答案为 B。 32 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 做词义题,一部分要靠基本功,要用英文理解英文,记忆英文,另一部分要靠做题技巧。这句话后面出现了扫描设备这个信息,那么,可以马上回来看四个选项,用排除法和代入法,可以先排除 A, D,把 C代人原文句中,就会发现与上下文句意吻合,是答案,当然也可查词典

48、,准确锁定答案。 33 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 答案依据为文章第三段中间部分这两句: A traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss He couldnt remember even simple tasks后面这一句实际上就补充解释了推销员过早退休记忆力下降问题,所以答案很明显,这道题并不难。 34 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 答案依据是文章第四段这一句: Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiatio

49、n, but they say the amount is too small to worry about。本题是送分题,选项 D几乎是照本宣科地把原文复制下来,所以找到答案不难。 35 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本文难度较小,读完全文后中心思想并不难把握,就是过多使用手机对健康不利,建议人们少使用手机,所以答案不难锁定为 C。 36 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题有一定难度,带着题干信息词回文章定位,答案依据主要在文章第一段: So far, scientists have named about 1 6 million living species, it can be tough to figure out what type of spider is moving up your leg or what kind of bird is flying by谈到了地球物种数量巨大,回来看选项, A项和原文句意相近,是答案。 37 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题有一定难度,需要读懂句意。带着题干信息词回文章定位,答案依据主要在

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