1、2012年 9月上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题试卷及答案与解析 Part A Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER B
2、OOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. 0 Hunger and food insecurity have been called Americas “hidden crisis. “ At the same time, and apparently paradoxically, obesity has been declared 【 C1】 _. Both obesity and hunger, and, more broadly, food insecurity, are serious 【 C2】 _, sometime
3、s coexisting in the same families and the same individuals. Their existence【 C3】 _, but those with insufficient resources【 C4】 _can still be overweight, for reasons that researchers now are beginning to understand. The apparent paradox of【 C5】 _and persistent hunger and food insecurity in America is
4、 driven in part by【 C6】 _. Households without money to buy enough food first change 【 C7】 _, relying on cheaper high-calorie foods over more expensive, nutrient-rich foods, before they【 C8】 _the amount of food. In order to cope with limited money for food and【 C9】 _, families try to maximize caloric
5、 intake for each dollar spent, which can【 C10】 _and a less healthful diet. Research among low-income families shows that mothers【 C11】 _by restricting their food intake during periods of food insufficiency in order to 【 C12】_from hunger. The resulting chronic ups and downs in food intake can contrib
6、ute, over the long run, to【 C13】 _. Dr. Larry Brown, Executive Director of the Center on Hunger and Poverty, reported: “A growing body of research shows that hunger and obesity【 C14】 _for some people. We need to better understand this relationship if our nation is to grapple with these parallel thre
7、ats【 C15】 _. We particularly need to avoid damaging policy prescriptions that assume hunger and obesity【 C16】 _“. Renowned food experts and scientists call for【 C17】 _to address both hunger and obesity. According to James Wells, President of the Food Research and Action Center, an agenda that seriou
8、sly tackles hunger and obesity among the poor must address【 C18】 _. Those roots include food insecurity and the impact of poverty. One answer is increased access to【 C19】 _so that more families have sufficient resources to【 C20】 _. 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【
9、C9】 10 【 C10】 11 【 C11】 12 【 C12】 13 【 C13】 14 【 C14】 15 【 C15】 16 【 C16】 17 【 C17】 18 【 C18】 19 【 C19】 20 【 C20】 Part B Listening Comprehension Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, convers
10、ations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. （ A） Business owners. （ B） Office job holders. （ C） Scottish musicians
11、. （ D） Farming people. （ A） Scottish traditional music. （ B） American Jazz. （ C） Classical music. （ D） Stravinskys tunes. （ A） Clarinet. （ B） Percussion. （ C） Piano. （ D） Violin. （ A） When she had just turned ten. （ B） After she finished secondary school. （ C） When she was twelve. （ D） When she was
12、at the primary school. （ A） A local musician taught her to play the xylophone. （ B） She was wearing hearing aids when she was young. （ C） Her family know next to nothing about music. （ D） Her oldest brother is a born musician. （ A） Food security. （ B） Europes debt crisis. （ C） Farm productivity in A
13、sia. （ D） A possible Greek exit from the euro-zone. （ A） Controlling the deficit. （ B） Halting the real-estate crisis. （ C） Preventing the economic turmoil. （ D） Cutting the high unemployment rate. （ A） To draw investments from abroad. （ B） To cut taxes for electricity producers. （ C） To subsidize t
14、he automotive industry. （ D） To adjust the overvalued exchange rate. （ A） Economic slowdown has led to a greater drop in birth rates among non-whites than among white people. （ B） The US Census Bureau recorded 2 million babies born to non-Hispanic white people. （ C） US birth rates have been declinin
15、g, but the drop has been larger for black and Asian people. （ D） Children from racial and ethnic minorities now account for more than half the births in the US. （ A） $ 106. （ B） $ 106.40. （ C） $ 107.33. （ D） $ 116.40. （ A） They have become more insular and self-sufficient. （ B） They have had their m
16、inds more open to other cultures. （ C） They have come to like traveling to isolated places. （ D） They have preferred to go in wilderness than urban areas. （ A） Staying connected all the time on the Internet. （ B） Keeping in touch with the news every day. （ C） Getting a little unplugged when travelin
17、g. （ D） Knowing nothing has changed much while he is away. （ A） Mountains. （ B） Beaches. （ C） His hometown in Montana. （ D） The savanna in Tanzania. （ A） Northern Norway. （ B） Antarctica. （ C） Peru. （ D） Argentina. （ A） Having a package tour. （ B） Keeping to your itinerary. （ C） Staying at a locals
18、home. （ D） Going local for some time. （ A） In 2004. （ B） In 2006. （ C） In 2008. （ D） In 2010. （ A） Download-to-own service. （ B） Online rentals of feature films. （ C） Downloading films any time any place. （ D） Online watching new Hollywood films. （ A） Academy Award winners. （ B） Historical documenta
19、ries. （ C） Blockbusters. （ D） Classics. （ A） $ 400 million. （ B） Over $ 4 billion. （ C） No less than $ 14 billion. （ D） $ 40 billion. （ A） The Netherlands. （ B） The UK. （ C） Germany. （ D） Canada. 一 、 SECTION 2 READING TEST Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is follo
20、wed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, A, B, C or D, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write tile letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWE
21、R BOOKLET. 40 To paraphrase Martin Luther Kinghere at last, here at last, here at last. Almost a century after the idea was first mooted by black veterans of the Civil War and almost half a century after the leader of the civil rights movement delivered his immortal “I have a Dream“ speech, an Afric
22、an American museum is finally about to rise in the heart of Washington. The National Mall, stretching from the US Capitol to the steps of the white marble Lincoln Memorial where King spoke in 1963, is perhaps the capital citys most special place, a two-mile vista lined by monuments to the countrys g
23、reatest leaders and heroes, and by wonderful museums celebrating America s history and achievements. But there have been some notable omissions. Last year one was corrected with the dedication of a memorial to King. And on Wednesday another omission was corrected. In a moment of perfect historical s
24、ymmetry, President Barack Obama led the ceremony for the future National Museum of African American History and Culture, devoted to the miseries, tribulations and triumphs of black America, scheduled to open its doors in late 2015. The site is one of the last available on the more cluttered Mall. Bu
25、t it is also one of the best: close to the Washington Monument and across the street from the recently re-opened Museum of American History. The long and laboured story of the 19 th member of the Smithsonian complex has itself been a small slice of US history. The idea of a memorial to African Ameri
26、cans on Americas national space was first put forward in 1915 by a group of black Civil War veterans, but went nowhere. Then in 1929, Congress did approve such a project, but failed to provide funding. After the great civil-rights breakthroughs of the 1960s, pressure grew for a full-scale museum. Ag
27、ain though, nothing happenednot least because of the ferocious opposition of the late Senator Jesse Helms, who insisted that a museum was “unnecessary“, and a waste of taxpayers money. At this point, one may wonder how it was that the Holocaust Museum here was approved and completed in barely a deca
28、de. And it deals with an event that does not belong to the US national experience. It opened in 1993. In 2004 came the National Museum of the American Indian. But only now is work starting on a national museum that tackles head on, among other things, the original sin of the United States. As its di
29、rector Lonnie Bunch said slavery was central in shaping US history, but to this day remains “the last great unmentionable“ in public discourse. “We will examine the dark corners of the American experience in a way were not always comfortable in doing. “ More than 100 black history museums already ex
30、ist across the country, including the National Civil Rights Museum at the former Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, where Dr King was assassinated in 1968. Others are reminders of the huge impact blacks had had on American, and indeed global, culture. In Washington, all these strands will be mesh
31、ed together. The $ 500m project is being funded by $ 250m of private donations, and a similar amount from the federal budget. Already Mr. Bunch has amassed 25,000 artifacts, spanning the entire range of African American experience, from slavery to civil rights, to their contributions in art, sport,
32、music and almost every walk of national life. There will be a detailed examination of slavery and the miseries of individual people. The African American museum will celebrate heroes of emancipation like Harriet Tubman. There will be items that lift the heartalongside exhibits on lynchings, and othe
33、r brutalities and indignities perpetrated on blacks for much of the last century. Visitors will also see the original coffin that contained the body of Emmett Till, the 14-year-old boy murdered in 1955 in Mississippi because he was reported to have wolf-whistled at a white woman. The coffin was deli
34、berately left open at Tills funeral in Chicago by his mother, so the world could see the atrocities visited upon her son. The public outrage that followed gave powerful fresh impetus to the civil rights movement. The story of black America, for better and worse, is part of the story of all America.
35、Even so, some see the new museum as part of a worrying trend, the subtle atomisation of a country that has always prided itself on being a sum greater than its disparate parts. Now, they worry, its not so much E Pluribus Unum,(“out of many one“the phrase on the Seal of the United States), but Ex uno
36、 plura(“out of one, many“). As the Virginia Congressman Jim Moran puts it: “I dont want a situation where whites go to the original museums, African Americans go to the African American museum, Indians to the Indian museum and Hispanics to the Latino American museum. Thats not America. “ 41 The auth
37、or quotes Martin Luther King at the beginning of the passage_. （ A） to introduce the correction of one more “notable omission“ in American history （ B） to exhibit the brutalities and indignities imposed on blacks in the last century （ C） to examine the development and abolishing of the slavery syste
38、m in America （ D） to illustrate the development of the civil rights movement in the United States 42 According to the passage, which of the following museums has not yet been completed? （ A） The Holocaust Museum. （ B） The African American Museum. （ C） The National Museum of the American Indian. （ D）
39、 The National Civil Rights Museum. 43 The author uses the expression “the original sin“(para. 4)to refer to_. （ A） the belief in Christianity （ B） the Indian resettlement （ C） the massacre of the Jewish people （ D） the slavery system in the U. S. 44 The project of the African American Museum is fund
40、ed_. （ A） largely by private donations （ B） chiefly by the federal budget （ C） by both private donations and the federal budget （ D） by both the white and black American volunteers 45 The author quotes the Virginia Congressman Jim Moran at the end of the passage_. （ A） to explain the purpose of buil
41、ding all these museums （ B） to call on the Americans to unite and to stay together （ C） to condemn the whites atrocities on the black people （ D） to display why America is a multi-cultural society 45 Some things are best kept secret. It is hard, for instance, to argue that public interest dictates p
42、ublishing the blueprints for an atom bomb. The matter is less clear-cut, however, when scientific information that has the potential to wreak havoc might also stop that havoc happening. Take bird flu. It has killed more than 330 people since 2003. That may not sound many, but it amounts to 60% of th
43、e 570 known cases of the disease. The only reason the death toll is not higher is that those who succumbed caught the virus directly from a bird. Fortunately for everyone else, it does not pass easily from person to person. But it might. That is the burden of research carried out last year by two te
44、ams of scientists, one in America and one in the Netherlands. They tweaked the bird-flu viruss genes to produce a version which can travel through the air from ferret to ferret. And ferrets are, in this context, good proxies for people. The researchers motives were pure. The mutations they combined
45、to produce their ferret-killing flu virus are all out there in the wild already. There is every chance those mutations could get together naturally and unleash a pandemic. By anticipating that recombination the two teams highlighted the risk, gave vaccine researchers a head start in thinking about h
46、ow to counter it and, by fingering the mutations, spurred surveillance efforts, which have often been half-hearted. Or, rather, they would have done had they been allowed to publish their results. They werent. Both the American and the Dutch governments saw not a sensible anticipation of a threat, b
47、ut a threat in its own right. Their fear was that bad guys somewhere might repeat the experiment and weaponise the result. So in December they banned publication of the papers revealing the technical details of what the teams had done. The threat from influenza is real. So-called Spanish flu, which
48、infected 500m people in 1918-19, claimed the lives of one in five of those who caught it. Subsequent flu epidemics, though not as bad, have still cut swathes through humanity whenever they have arisen. But terrorism is real, too. Though there is no known case of biological warfare in the past 100 ye
49、ars, many countries have experimented with the idea; and there is concern that some terrorist groups, motivated not by specific political grievances but by a general hatred of the West, might unleash the uncontrollable mayhem of a viral epidemic purely out of spite. So who is rightthe researchers who want to publish their findings, or the governments that want to stop them? In this particular case, probably the researchers. And, to their credit, t
