1、2012年职称英语（卫生类） A级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 He shifted his position a little in order to (alleviate) the pain in his leg. （ A） control （ B） easy （ C） experience （ D） suffer 2 Our aim was to (update) the health service, and we succeede
2、d. （ A） offer （ B） provide （ C） modernize （ D） fund 3 She moves from one (exotic) location to another. （ A） unusual （ B） familiar （ C） similar （ D） proper 4 Nothing would (induce) me to vote for him again. （ A） teach （ B） help （ C） discourage （ D） attract 5 The photographs (evoked) strong memories o
3、f our holiday in France. （ A） refreshed （ B） stored （ C） blocked （ D） erased 6 The weather was (crisp) and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away. （ A） hot （ B） heavy （ C） fresh （ D） windy 7 Every week the magazine presents the (profile) of a well-known sports personality. （ A） succe
4、ss （ B） description （ C） evidence （ D） plan 8 Her comments about men are (utterly) ridiculous completely. （ A） slightly （ B） completely （ C） partly （ D） faintly 9 The walls are made of (hollow) concrete blocks. （ A） big （ B） empty （ C） long （ D） now 10 We almost (ran into) a Rolls-Royce that pulled
5、out in front of us without signaling. （ A） overtook （ B） hit （ C） passed （ D） found 11 When I heard the noise in the next room, I couldnt resist having a (peep) look. （ A） chance （ B） visit （ C） look （ D） try 12 He has been granted (asylum) in France. （ A） power （ B） relief （ C） protection （ D） lice
6、nse 13 He was (weary) of the constant battle between them. （ A） fond （ B） tired （ C） proud （ D） afraid 14 Newborn babies can (discriminate) between a mans and a womans voice. （ A） treat （ B） distinguish （ C） express （ D） analyzes 15 All the flats in the building had the same (layout) arrangement. （
7、A） color （ B） size （ C） function （ D） arrangement 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 The Mind-Body Connections Norman Cousins was a famous American magazine editor. In 1964, he returned from an overseas trip a
8、nd then became very ill. In the hospital, he had terrible pain and couldnt move his body. Doctors told him he had a serious disease called ankylosing spondylitis（强直性脊柱炎） and said he had only 1 chance in 500 of surviving. They gave him powerful drugs, but his condition only got worse. Cousins had rea
9、d about a theory that negative emotions can harm your health. He believed that positive emotions were good for ones health, and he decided to try an experiment. He would fill his days with good feelings and laughter and see if that might improve his condition. He left the hospital and moved into a h
10、otel room. There, he got a large supply of funny TV programs and copies of old Marx Brothers movies and cartoons. He also hired a nurse to read funny stories to him. His plan was to spend the whole day laughing and thinking about happy things. On his first night in the hotel, Cousins found that laug
11、hing at the movies helped his body produce chemicals that reduced pain. For the first time in weeks, he could sleep comfortably for a few hours. Every time the pain came back, he watched another funny movie and laughed until he felt better. Over time, Cousins was able to measure changes in his body
12、with blood tests. He found that the harmful chemicals in his body decreased at least 5 percent every time he watched a funny movie. After a short time, he was able to stop taking all of his medications. Finally his condition improved so much that he could go back to work. Cousins later wrote a book
13、about how laughter and happiness helped him to survive a deadly illness. Many people didnt believe his story and said that his doctors were wrong about his disease. But since then, research has found that emotions do have a strong effect on physical health, and experiments found that laughter can he
14、lp to reduce pain. Scientists today are working to understand the ways that our minds affect our bodies. 16 Norman Gousins became ill while he was traveling in another country. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Doctors told Cousins that he would probably die from his disease. （ A） Right （
15、B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Drugs helped to stop the pain of Cousinss disease. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Cousins started watching movies because he was bored. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Cousins spent a lot of time laughing every day. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） N
16、ot mentioned 21 Movies were better than funny stories for stopping pain. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 When Cousins wrote his book, everyone agreed with him. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一
17、个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Multiple Sclerosis(多发性硬化症 ) 1. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which the patients immune(免疫的 )system attacks the central nervous system. This can lead to numerous physical and mental symptoms, as the disease affects the transmission of electric
18、al signals between the body and the brain. However, the human body, being a flexible, adaptable system, can compensate for some level of damage, so a person with MS can look and feel fine even though the disease is present. 2. MS patients can have one of two main varieties of the disease: the relaps
19、ing form (复发型 )and the primary progressive form. In the relapsing form, the disease progresses in a series of jumps; at times it is in remission(减轻 ).which means that a persons normal functions return for a period of time before the system goes into relapse and the disease again becomes more active.
20、 This is the most common form of MS; 80-90% of people have this form of the disease when they are first diagnosed. The relapse-remission cycle can continue for many years. Eventually, however, Ioss of physical and cognitive functions starts to take place and the remissions become less frequent. 3. I
21、n the primary progressive form of MS, there are no remissions and a continual but steady loss of physical and cognitive functions takes place. This condition affects about 10-15% of sufferers at diagnosis. 4. The expected course of the disease, or prognosis(预后 ),depends on many variables: the subtyp
22、e of the disease, the patients individual characteristics and the initial symptoms. Life expectancy of patients, however, is often nearly the same as that of an unaffected person - provided that a reasonable standard of care is received. In some cases a near-normal life span is possible. 5. The caus
23、e of the disease is unclear; it seems that some people have a genetic Susceptibility(易感性 ),which is triggered by some unknown environmental factor. Onset(发作 )of the disease usually occurs in young adults between the ages of 20 and 40.It is more common in women than men; however, it has also been dia
24、gnosed in young children and in elderly people. A. The cause of MS B. The relapsing form of MS C. The treatment for MS D. The primary progressive form of MS E. The definition of MS F. The development of MS 23 Paragraph 1_. 24 Paragraph 2_. 25 Paragraph 3_. 26 Paragraph 4_. 26 A. relatives of MS pati
25、ents B. the elderly people C. the disease D. the progressive form E. the brain F. life expectancy 27 MS affects the communication of nerve cells between the body and _. 28 An MS patient can feel fine for years without being affected much by _. 29 10-15% of MS patients are diagnosed as having _. 30 Y
26、oung adults might have a higher chance of developing the disease than _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Gross National Happiness In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However， one country resisted these change
27、s. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia， the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist(佛教 )culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much a
28、bout the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions. King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product(GNP).
29、 The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his countrys progress by peoples happiness. If the peoples happiness increased， the king could say that Bhu
30、tan was making progress. To decide if people were happier， he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH). GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected en
31、vironment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government. Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Teenty
32、-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the count
33、ry still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet. Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now inte
34、rested in Bhutans GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land. Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of i
35、nspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow. 31 Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck? （ A） A president. （ B） A buddist preist. （ C） A general. （ D） A kin 32 Apart from moderizing Bhutan, w
36、hat else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan? （ A） To make its populaton grow. （ B） To keep it separate from the world. （ C） To encourage its people to get rich. （ D） To keep its tradition and customs. 33 A country shows its progress with GNP by （ A） selling more products. （ B） spending more money.
37、（ C） spending less money. （ D） providing more jobs. 34 According to GNH, people are happier if they （ A） have new tecnology. （ B） can change their religion. （ C） have a good, stable government. （ D） have more money. 35 Today, many countries are （ A） using the principles of GNH to measure their progr
38、ess. （ B） woking together to develop a common scale to measure GNH. （ C） taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress. （ D） trying to find their own ways to measure happiness. 35 Caffeine Caffeine is probably the most widely used drug in the world. Humans have been consuming caffeine
39、 for hundreds of years, primarily in the form of coffee, tea, and cocoa. Habitual coffee and tea drinkers had long been observed to have a lower incidence of non-melanoma(黑色素瘤 ) skin cancers, although no one knew why. A recent study found that caffeine affects skin cells damaged by ultraviolet radia
40、tion, a main cause of skin cancer. Caffeine interferes with a protein that cancerous cells need to survive, leaving the damaged cells to die before they become cancerous. Drinking caffeinated coffee has also been associated with a decreased incidence of endometrial(予宫内膜的 ) cancer - that is, cancer o
41、f the cells lining the uterus - The strongest effect appears to be in overweight women, who are at greatest risk for the disease. Researchers believe blood sugar, fat cells, and estrogen(雌性激素 ) may play a role. Although the mechanism remains unknown, people who drink more than two cups of coffee or
42、tea a day reportedly have about half the risk of developing chronic liver disease as those who drink less than one cup of coffee daily; caffeinated coffee has also been associated with lowered risk of cirrhosis(肝硬化 ) and liver cancer. While many of caffeines undesirable effects, such as elevated hea
43、rt rate and blood pressure, are brief, some short-term benefits, including pain relief, increased alertness, and increased physical endurance, have also been attributed to caffeine. As a component of numerous over-the-counter diet pills and pain relievers, caffeine increases their effectiveness and
44、helps the body absorb them more quickly. By constricting(收缩 ) blood vessels in the brain, it can alleviate headaches -even migraines(偏头痛 )and can help counter the drowsiness(眩晕 )caused by antihistamines(抗组胺药 ). Caffeine does not alter the need for sleep, but it does offer a temporary solution to fat
45、igue for people who need to stay alert. Research has shown that sleep-deprived individuals who consumed caffeine had improved memory and reasoning abilities, at least in the short term. Studies of runners and cyclists have shown that caffeine can improve their stamina-hence its addition to energy-bo
46、osting sports drinks. People who consume a lot of caffeine regularly may develop temporary withdrawal symptoms, headache being the most common, if they quit or cut back on it abruptly. Fortunately, these symptoms last only a day or two in most cases. Individuals who are more sensitive to the stimula
47、tory side effects of caffeine may want to avoid it, but most doctors agree that the equivalent of three cups of coffee a day does not harm healthy people. There is no medical basis to give up daily caffeine and many reasons to include a moderate amount in ones diet. 36 Drinking coffee or tea may hel
48、p （ A） lower the incidence of being overweight. （ B） lower the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer. （ C） increase the incidence of endometrial cancer. （ D） increase the incidence of liver cancer. 37 Caffeine is used to （ A） reduce high blood pressure. （ B） relieve headaches. （ C） cure liver cancer
49、. （ D） treat skin cancer. 38 Some athletes use caffeine to （ A） improve their speed. （ B） increase their endurance. （ C） maintain their alertness. （ D） relax their muscles. 39 Caffeine withdrawal symptoms （ A） can become an ongoing problem. （ B） may last as long as a week. （ C） are weight loss and mental disorder. （ D） are usually short-live 40 Drinking three cups of coffee a day （ A） may not be recommended by most doctors. （ B） is harmful to healthy people. （ C） will probably not cause problems. （ D） may benefit sensitive
