1、2013年 9月上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题试卷及答案与解析 Part A Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER B
2、OOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. 0 Was it envisioned for the euro to eventually become such a strong currency that it could compete with the dollar on a global level? Or was that a dream then and【 C1】_now? I think it was an attainable dream, and it is becoming actually, in some
3、ways, 【 C2】 _. You may ask, Why? Well, the dream to give credit【 C3】 _was not only advocated by some European officials but by【 C4】 _, including our Institutes director, Fred Bergsten, who was【 C5】 _with that. Richard Portes, who teaches at London Business School, also was way out in front with that
4、. And they were very much【 C6】 _of people like Martin Feldstein and others in London and the United States who were【 C7】 _. At face value, the euro area 【 C8】 _as the United States, roughly speaking. The euro area does have very【 C9】 _, although the more you look in detail, there are still some thin
5、gs there that【 C10】 _. And the euro area has delivered price stability. They have a 【 C11】 _pretty consistently. So you put those three things together,【 C12】 _it looks like the euro should be at least【 C13】 _to the dollar in investors portfolios, in【 C14】 _, in how much you invoice trade like oil o
6、r planes or things like that. But【 C15】 _in this bookin particular in good chapters by Kristin Forbes and Linda Goldbergis the fact that if you 【 C16】 _a bit, there is a huge shortfall between what you would expect just based on size and how much【 C17】 _. So there s an awful lot of trade thats【 C18】
7、 _, not in euros, even between countries that are not dollar countries. There are【 C19】 _that come to the United States, and the depth of European assets and financial flows is【 C20】 _. 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 11 【 C11】 12 【 C12】 13 【 C13】 14
8、 【 C14】 15 【 C15】 16 【 C16】 17 【 C17】 18 【 C18】 19 【 C19】 20 【 C20】 Part B Listening Comprehension Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE.
9、 Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. （ A） A Jazz musician. （ B） A college student. （ C） A music teacher. （ D） A trumpet player. （ A） What musical trainin
10、g was needed to become a jazz musician. （ B） What qualities or background made a successful jazz player. （ C） How most professional musicians received their formal training in music. （ D） How jazz music came to be so different from many other kinds of music. （ A） By receiving formal instruction. （ B
11、） By learning to play step by step. （ C） By trying to play a song the way they like. （ D） By practicing single notes before playing a piece of music. （ A） Jazz music has come from a variety of different sources. （ B） Individual musicians interpret Jazz music in their own style. （ C） Jazz music is su
12、pposed to cater to some special tastes. （ D） There is supposed to be one right way to play in jazz music. （ A） The first Jazz players didnt have any formal music training. （ B） Jazz players were originally grass-roots country musicians. （ C） Jazz music had a longer history than other types of modern
13、 music. （ D） Jazz music was first introduced by professional musicians. （ A） 2.1%. （ B） 2.7%. （ C） 4%. （ D） 12%. （ A） Developed economies returned to slight growth in the past twelve months. （ B） Japan, the U. S. and the U. K continued to lag behind the euro zone countries. （ C） The combined gross d
14、omestic product of these countries grew by 0. 4% in 2012. （ D） There were “diverging patterns“ in economy across these developed countries. （ A） Acting illegally in tax payment. （ B） Using tax allowance. （ C） Tax avoidance. （ D） Tax evasion. （ A） 91. （ B） 51. （ C） 40. （ D） 20. （ A） Shes made it to t
15、he top of Everest. （ B） Shes scaled the highest mountain in Africa. （ C） Shes raised $ 10m for education projects in Nepal. （ D） Shes challenged the most conservative Muslim tradition. （ A） A doctor. （ B） A nurse. （ C） A charity worker. （ D） A Red Cross coordinator. （ A） Eight. （ B） Ten. （ C） Fiftee
16、n. （ D） Twenty. （ A） Because there is basic health infrastructure at least. （ B） Because the health care service there is extremely bad. （ C） Because support is available from the local authorities. （ D） Because there re people there to deliver health services. （ A） Training local people to be commu
17、nity health workers. （ B） Erecting modest facilities. （ C） Building a health care website. （ D） Trying to provide high quality care. （ A） Find ways to reduce the medical costs. （ B） Teach people how to care for their children. （ C） Help patients to find jobs after they are cured. （ D） Listen hard to
18、 what patients say about their other problems. （ A） Ten. （ B） Fifteen. （ C） Twenty. （ D） Twenty-five. （ A） Offering packaged tours. （ B） Selling camping equipment. （ C） Buying and selling campsites. （ D） Providing camping holidays. （ A） France. （ B） Italy. （ C） Switzerland. （ D） Spain. （ A） Sports.
19、（ B） Drama. （ C） Films. （ D） Art. （ A） Benefiting from 10% off their holiday. （ B） Getting a low-cost annual insurance policy. （ C） Booking a luxury tent for free. （ D） Choosing from a list of luxury hotels. 一、 SECTION 2 READING TEST Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each o
20、ne is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, A, B, C or D, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write tile letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in
21、 your ANSWER BOOKLET. 40 Plans for one of Britain s biggest housing developments, of 5,000 homes worth hundreds of millions of pounds, may have to be abandoned because of the presence of nightingales, the birds which sing in the night and have long been a favourite of poets. The case, which centres
22、on a disused army site in Kent, presents the conflict between the need to build new houses and peoples wish to preserve Britains threatened countryside and wildlife in its sharpest possible form. It is likely to lead to a bitter struggle. The site at Lodge Hill, Chattenden, on the Hoo peninsula nort
23、h of Chatham, has been earmarked by Medway District Council for what is in effect a new town, which besides its enormous housing quota is intended to provide 5,000 new jobs. The main developers are to be Land Securities, Britains biggest commercial property company. Yet last year scientists discover
24、ed that Lodge Hill is probably the best site in the country for the nightingale, which is rapidly disappearing from Britain. Yesterday the case came to a head when Natural England, the Governments wildlife watchdog, declared Lodge Hill to be a Site of Special Scientific Interest(SSSI)because of its
25、nightingale population, which means that development will be much more difficult, and may ultimately be impossible. The move provoked a furious response from Medway Council, which said it was “ deeply unhappy“ and was considering its options. “This is very disappointing news to receive from unelecte
26、d quangocrats at Natural England,“ said the leader of the Conservative-controlled council, Rodney Chambers. “As a local authority we are eager for this scheme to progress and deliver the houses and jobs we badly need. “ He added: “What hope does the country have of beating the economic downturn when
27、 infrastructure and housing projects like this are being stalled all over the country by the Governments agencies?“ Land Securities also said it was disappointed with the decision. However, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds gave the decision its full backing. “Natural England is right to
28、 designate Lodge Hill as an SSSI in the face of extreme economic pressure,“ said Martin Harper, the RSPB director of conservation. “We think it is time for Medway Council and Land Securities to go back to the drawing board and think about where they should build their houses. “ The case is likely to
29、 raise strong feelings because the nightingale is one of Britain s most beloved birds, famed for the midnight song which males sing to attract females, from mid-April to June, after their migratory return from Africa. So many poets have written about it, in many countries and civilisations from the
30、classical world onwards, -that it has been called “the most versified bird in the world“. In English literature, Samuel Coleridge, John Clare and most famously, John Keats, all wrote nightingale poems. But in Englandthe nightingale is not found in the rest of Britainthe bird has been undergoing a re
31、morseless decline. The latest estimate is that its population dropped by 52 percent between 1995 and 2010, yet an examination of earlier records by the British Trust for Ornithology(BTO)has suggested that over the last 40 years, the birds population has actually fallen by more than 90 per cent. In a
32、 recent paper, scientists from the BTO said the nightingale would have been placed on the Red List of birds of conservation concern if this figure had been known about when the list was last revised. The birds range is steadily contracting and the nightingale is now concentrated mainly in the southe
33、ast corner of England, especially in Suffolk, Essex, Kent, Surrey and Sussex It was known that Lodge Hill held nightingales, but its real importance was not discovered until last year, when the BTO carried out a national nightingale survey. It was found the core of the site held 69 singing males, an
34、d in total the figure was 84. BTO scientists estimate that Lodge Hill contains about 1. 3 per cent of the total national nightingale population, which the survey provisionally estimated to be between 6,250 and 6,550 pairs. “If there is a better nightingale site in Britain, we dont know of it,“ said
35、the BTOs Dr Chris Hewson. Mr Harper said: “Lodge Hill is probably one of the most important sites in the country for nightingales. We expect more than 80 singing males to return to this site in less than a month ready for the breeding season, and they need to have a secure home to come back to. “ 41
36、 Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? （ A） Natural England declares Lodge Hill to be an SSSI because of nightingale population （ B） A multi-million pound housing project faces a tiny but formidable foethe much loved nightingale （ C） Medway Council is “deeply
37、 unhappy“ with the declaration of Lodge Hill as an SSSI by Natural England （ D） The RSPB asks Medway Council and Land Securities to change the site of housing developments 42 The expression “the case came to a head“(para. 2)can be paraphrased as_. （ A） the problem came to its end （ B） the event deve
38、loped to its final stage （ C） the project met with a fierce opposition （ D） the issue reached a critical stage 43 The nightingale has been called “the most versified bird“(para. 5)because_. （ A） it has the most varieties compared with other species （ B） it has been familiar to human beings since anc
39、ient times （ C） it has been known in most countries and civilisations （ D） it has been written about by poets worldwide 44 According to the passage, the nightingale is found _. （ A） on the Hoo peninsula north of Chatham （ B） in England （ C） in most parts of Great Britain （ D） throughout England, Sco
40、tland and Wales 45 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? （ A） The nightingale was on the revised Red List of birds of conservation concern. （ B） The national nightingale survey was carried out by the BTO. （ C） Lodge Hill is considered by some BTO official the best nightingale
41、site in Britain, （ D） The nightingale has been declining dramatically over the last 40 years. 45 History casts a long shadow. Many of the first bacteria to be discovered were agents of disease, and that is how most people perceive bacteria to this day, even though less than 1% of them are pathogens.
42、 Something similar is turning out to be true of viruses, as Marilyn Roossinck of Pennsylvania State University told the AAAS meeting in Boston. Dr Roossinck works on plant viruses and she has assembled evidence suggesting a lot of such viruses are harmless to their hosts, and in some cases may actua
43、lly be beneficial. That has implications for biology. It also has implications for agriculture. Plant viruses come in two varieties: acute and persistent. Acute viruses pass from plant to plant, and often cause recognisable symptoms of disease. Persistent viruses are passed by a plant to its offspri
44、ng in its seeds, rather than from one grown plant to another. They persist at low levels in a plant and rarely cause recognisable adverse symptoms. Scientific research concentrates on acute viruses, for obvious reasons. But this has created an impression that most plant viruses are acute. Dr Roossin
45、ck suspected that was not true and decided to find out. Using the tools of modern genetics, she searched thousands of plant species in two locations(one in Oklahoma and one in Costa Rica)for viral RNA. Like its cousin DNA, RNA molecules are long strands. Unlike DNA, which is usually double-stranded,
46、 RNA is usually single-stranded. Except in viruses, where it also has two strands. That makes viral RNA easy to isolate and identify, which Dr Roossinck did. She found thousands of new viruses in her trawl, and their mixture was strikingly different from that of known plant viruses. The viral world
47、is divided into families, and, as far as is known, all members of a given family are either acute or persistent. Though most of the viruses in Dr Roossincks net were new to science, their RNA gave away which family they belonged to. Around half, it turned out, were persistent viruses. Previous data
48、had suggested that figure was less than 1%. What benefits these viruses might confer is hard to determine, because in most cases all members of a plant species are infected, so no virus-free individuals exist to make the comparison. But Dr Roossinck has come across some examples of viruses that do h
49、elp their hosts. One discovery was the result of an experiment that attempted to use a virus to smuggle a gene into a plant, called Nicotiana benthamiana, that is widely used in botanical experiments. She and her colleagues found by chance that the virus conferred resistance to drought on this plant, and further experiments with a related virus showed that was true of 15 other plant species, too. These viruses, admittedly, are acute. But she also ha
