1、2013年职称英语（理工类） B级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems. （ A） send （ B） hear （ C） confirm （ D） spread 2 The contract between the two companies will expire soon. （ A） shorten （ B） end （ C） sta
2、rt （ D） resume 3 Come out, or Ill bust the door down. （ A） shut （ B） break （ C） set （ D） beat 4 She gets aggressive when she is drunk. （ A） offensive （ B） worried （ C） sleepy （ D） anxious 5 As a politician, he knows how to manipulate public opinion. （ A） express （ B） divide （ C） influence （ D） voice
3、 6 She came across three children sleeping under a bridge. （ A） found by chance （ B） passed by （ C） took a notice of （ D） woke up 7 I have little information as regards her fitness for the post. （ A） about （ B） at （ C） with （ D） from 8 He paused, waiting for her to digest the information. （ A） withh
4、old （ B） exchange （ C） understand （ D） contact 9 Make sure the table is securely anchored. （ A） repaired （ B） cleared （ C） booked （ D） fixed 10 There was something peculiar in the way he smiles. （ A） different （ B） strange （ C） wrong （ D） funny 11 These animals migrate south annually in search of fo
5、od. （ A） explore （ B） inhabit （ C） prefer （ D） travel 12 It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already. （ A） right （ B） unbelievable （ C） obvious （ D） unclear 13 The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town. （ A） naked （ B） blind （ C） cautious （ D） private 14 He was temp
6、ted by the high salary offered by the company. （ A） taught （ B） kept （ C） changed （ D） attracted 15 The rules are too rigid to allow for human error. （ A） general （ B） inflexible （ C） complex （ D） direct 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，
7、请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Wide World of Robots Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker(修补 )with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices. “Theyre the best toys out there, “ says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon Univers
8、ity in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist, a person who designs, builds or programs robots. When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved cars, trains, animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later, in high school, he built mobile robots similar to small cars. H
9、oping to continue working on robots, he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Chosets labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars: robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forwa
10、rd, backward, left and right. But snakes can twist(扭曲 )in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain(地形 ). “Snakes are far more interesting than the cars, “Choset concluded. After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his colleagues there bagan developing their o
11、wn snake robots. Chosets team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes, such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually dont, such as rolling. Chosets snake robots could crawl(爬行 )through the grass, swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole
12、. But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries, the doctor has to open a patients chest, cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small h
13、ole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake ? Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati, a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School, to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs. A company called Medrobotics in Boston
14、 is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people. Even after 15 years of working with his teams creations, “I still dont get bored of watching the motion of my robots, “ Choset says. 16 Choset began to build robots in high school. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Snake robots could
15、move in only four directions. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Choset didnt begin developing his own snake robots until he started working at Carnegie Mellon. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Chosets snake robots could make more movements than the ones others developed. （ A） Ri
16、ght （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The application of a thin robotic snake makes heart surgeries less time-consuming. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Zenati tested the robot on people after using it in pigs. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The robotic technology for surgeri
17、es on people has brought a handsome Medrobotics. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求 从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Black Holes 1. Black holes can be best described as a sort of vacuum, suck
18、ing up everything in space. Scientists have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars. Stars that are near death can no longer burn due to loss of fuel, and because its temperature can no longer control the gravitational(重力的 )force, hydrogen ends up putting pressure onto the s
19、tars surface until it suddenly explodes then collapses. 2. Black holes come from stars that are made of hydrogen, other gases and a few metals. When these explode it can turn into a stellar-mass(恒星质量 )black hole, which can only occur if the star is large enough(should be bigger than the sun)for the
20、explosion to break it into pieces, and the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest particle. Try to see and compare: if a star thats ten times the size of the sun end up being a black hole thats no longer than 70 kilometers, then the Earth would become black hole thats only a fraction
21、 of an inch! 3. Objects that get sucked in a black hole will always remain there, never to break free. But remember that black holes can only gobble up(吞噬 )objects within a specific distance to it. Its possible for a large star near the sun to become a black hole, but the sun will continue to stay i
22、n place. Orbits(轨道 )do not change because the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star, only its mass is totally contracted that it can end up as no bigger than a state. 4. So far, astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albert Ein
23、steins theory of relativity. In the end, through numerous studies, they have discovered that black holes truly exist. Since black holes trap light and do not give off light, it is not possible to detect black holes via a telescope. But astronomers continue to explore galaxies(银河系 ), space and the so
24、lar system to understand how black holes might evolve. It is possible that black holes can exist for millions of years, and later contribute further process in galaxies, which can eventually lead to creation of new entities. Scientists also credit black holes as helpful in learning how galaxies bega
25、n to form. A. What are black holes made of? B. Is there proof that black holes really exist? C. How were black holes named? D. How are black holes formed? E. What are different types of black holes? F. What happens to the objects around a black hole? 23 Paragraph 1_. 24 Paragraph 2_. 25 Paragraph 3_
26、. 26 Paragraph 4_. 26 A. a fraction of an inch B. the creation of new entities C. the same amount of mass D. the tiniest particle E. an explosion of huge stars F. the existence of black holes 27 Black holes are formed after. 28 When a large star explodes, the gravity compacts ever piece into . 29 A
27、newly formed black hole and the star it comes from are of. 30 Albert Einsteins theory of relativity helps to prove . 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Putting Plants to Work Using the power of the sun is nothing new. People have had solar-powered calculators and
28、buildings with solar panels(太阳能电池板 )for decades. But plants are the real experts. Theyve been using sunlight as an energy source for billions of years. Cells in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide(二氧化碳 ), and water into sugars and starches(淀粉 ), st
29、ored energy that the plants can use. This conversion process is called photosynthesis(光合作用 ). Unfortunately, unless youre a plant, its difficult and expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. Thats why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly how plants do it. Some scientists are tryi
30、ng to get plants, or biological cells that act like plants, to work as very small photosynthesis power stations. For example, Maria Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden. Colo., is working with green algae(水藻 ). Shes trying to trick them into producing hydrogen instead of su
31、gars when they perform photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficiently, the hydrogen that they produce could be used to power fuel cells in cars or to generate electricity. The algae are grown in narrow-necked glass bottles to produce hydrogen in the lab. During photosynth
32、esis, plants normally make sugars or starches.“ But under certain conditions, a lot of algae are able to use the sunlight energy not to store starch, but to make hydrogen.“ Ghirardi says. For example, algae will produce hydrogen in an airfree environment. Its the oxygen in the air that prevents alga
33、e from making hydrogen most of the time. Working in an airfree environment, however, is difficult. Its not a practical way to produce cheap energy. But Ghirardi and her colleagues have discovered that by removing a chemical called sulfate(硫酸盐 )from the environment that the algae grow in, they will m
34、ake hydrogen instead of sugars, even when air is present. Unfortunately, removing the sulfate also makes the algaes cells work very slowly, and not much hydrogen is produced. Still, the researchers see this as a first step in their goal to produce hydrogen efficiently from algae. With more work, the
35、y may be able to speed the cells activity and produce larger quantities of hydrogen. The researchers hope that algae will one day be an easy-to-use fuel source. The organisms are cheap to get and to feed, Ghirardi says, and they can grow almost anywhere: “You can grow them in a reactor, in a pond. Y
36、ou can grow them in the ocean. Theres a lot of flexibility in how you can use these organisms.“ 31 How do plants relate to solar energy ? （ A） They have been using it for billions of years. （ B） They are the real experts in producing it. （ C） They have been a source of it. （ D） They have been used t
37、o produce it. 32 Scientists study how photosynthesis works because they want to （ A） improve the efficiency of it. （ B） turn plant sugars to a new form of energy. （ C） get more sugars and starches from plants. （ D） make green plants a new source of energy. 33 Algae are able to use solar energy to pr
38、oduce hydrogen when （ A） they are grown in narrow-necked bottles. （ B） there is no oxygen in the air. （ C） there is enough oxygen in the air. （ D） enough starches are stored. 34 Researchers find it difficult to make algae produce hydrogen efficiently because （ A） it is hard to create an airfree envi
39、ronment. （ B） it is expensive to remove the sulfate from the environment. （ C） removing the sulfate slows down hydrogen production. （ D） the algaes cells work slowly if there is no oxygen in the air. 35 What does Ghirardi say about algae ? （ A） They can be a good energy source. （ B） They grow faster
40、 in a reactor. （ C） They will be planted everywhere. （ D） They are cheap to eat. 35 Energy and Public Lands The United States boasts substantial energy resources. Federal lands provide a good deal of US energy production, the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing(租赁 )both on l
41、and and on the offshore Outer Continental Shelf. Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total annual US energy production. In 2000, 32 percent of US oil, 35 percent of natural gas, and 37 percent of coal were produced from federal lands, representing 20,000 producing oil and g
42、as leases and 135 producing coal leases. Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas. Revenues from federal oil, gas, and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as State
43、Government. In 1999, for example, $553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury, and non-India coal leases accounted for over $304 million in revenues, of which 50percent were paid to State governments. Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery. Each year, federal
44、 land managers authorize rights of way for transmission lines, rail systems, pipelines, and other facilities related to energy production and use. Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production, though the amount is still significant. For example, federa
45、l geothermal(地热 )resources produce about 7.5 billion kilowatt-hours(千瓦时 )of electricity per year, 47 percent of all electricity generated from US geothermal energy. There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone, producing electricity for about 300,000 people. Federal hydropower f
46、acilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced in the United States. Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with influence on foreign oil sources, pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense. Public lands are available f
47、or energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process. If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources, development restrictions or impact moderation measures may be enforced, or mineral be banned altogether. 36 What is
48、 the main idea of this passage ? （ A） Public lands play an important role in energy production. （ B） Public lands are one of the main sources of revenues. （ C） Public lands should be developed to ease energy shortage. （ D） Public lands store huge energy resources for further development. 37 Which of
49、 the following statements is true of public lands in the U.S. ? （ A） Half of US energy is produced there. （ B） The majority of undiscovered natural gas is stored there. （ C） Most of coal was produced from there in 2000. （ D） Most energy resources are reserved there. 38 Geothermal resources, wind turbines, and hydropower facilities in Paragraph 4 cited as examples to illustrate that （ A） alternative energy production is no less than conventional energy production. （ B） the amount of alt
