1、2013年职称英语（综合类） B级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Come out, or Ill bust the door down. （ A） shut （ B） set （ C） break （ D） beat 2 The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town. （ A） naked （ B） cautious （ C） blind （ D） private
2、3 The rules are too rigid to allow for human error. （ A） general （ B） complex （ C） direct （ D） inflexible 4 It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already. （ A） right （ B） unbelievable （ C） obvious （ D） unclear 5 These animals migrate south annually in search of food. （ A） explore （ B） t
3、ravel （ C） inhabit （ D） prefer 6 Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems. （ A） spread （ B） send （ C） hear （ D） confirm 7 She came across three children sleeping under a bridge. （ A） passed by （ B） took a notice of （ C） woke up （ D） found by chance 8 I have little information as regard
4、s her fitness for the post. （ A） at （ B） with （ C） about （ D） from 9 As a politician, he knows how to manipulate public opinion. （ A） influence （ B） express （ C） divide （ D） voice 10 He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company. （ A） taught （ B） attracted （ C） kept （ D） changed 11 He pau
5、sed, waiting for her to digest the information. （ A） understand （ B） withhold （ C） exchange （ D） contact 12 Make sure the table is securely anchored. （ A） repaired （ B） cleared （ C） booked （ D） fixed 13 She gets aggressive when she is drunk. （ A） worried （ B） sleepy （ C） offensive （ D） anxious 14 Th
6、ere was something peculiar in the way he smiles. （ A） strange （ B） different （ C） wrong （ D） funny 15 The contract between the two companies will expire soon. （ A） shorten （ B） start （ C） resume （ D） end 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，
7、请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Kicking the Habit What is a bad habit? The most definition is that it is something that we do regularly, almost without thinking about it, and which has some sort of negative consequence. This consequence could affect those around us, or it could affect us personally. T
8、hose who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad habit are part of what makes us human. Many early habits, like sucking out thumb, are broken when we are very young. We are either told to stop doing it by our parents, or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the sam
9、e habit, and we gradually grow out of it. It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem. Unless we can break that habit early on, it becomes a part of our life, and becomes “programmed“ into our brain. A recent s
10、tudy of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change out habits, it is the old ways that tend to win, especially in situations where we are rushed, stressed or overworked. Habits that we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back. During the study programme, the researchers s
11、howed a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them. They then showed the volunteers the same picture again, and gave them new words to associate with them. A few days later, the volunteers were given a test. The researchers showed them the pictures, and told the
12、m to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one. It came as no surprise that their answers were split between the first set of words and the second. Two weeks later, they were given the same test again. This time, most of them only gave the first set of words. They appeared to ha
13、ve completely forgotten the second set. The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time. We may try to change out ways, but after a while, the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we learned. The more that response is used, the mor
14、e automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond in any other way. The study therefore suggests that over time, our bad habits also become automatic, learned behavior. This is not good news for people who pick up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break them. Even when we
15、try to put new, good intentions into practice, those previous learned habits remain stronger in more automatic, unconscious forms of memory. 16 Boys usually develop bad habits when they are very young. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 We can only break bad habits if others tell us to do s
16、o. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Bad habits may return when we are under pressure. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Researchers were surprised by the answer that the volunteers gave in the first test. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The volunteers found the test
17、more difficult when they did it the second time. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The study suggests that it is more difficult to respond to what we learn first. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 If we develop bad habits early in life, they are harder to get rid of. （ A） Right （
18、 B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Traffic Jams No End in Sight 1. Traffic congestion(拥堵 )affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities
19、across both the developed and developing world. In the U. S. , commuters(通勤人员 )spend an average of a full working week each year sitting in traffic jams, according to the Texas Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose their cars becau
20、se they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy. 2. The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day. In theory, if the toll is high enough, some drivers will cancel their
21、 trips or go by bus or train. And in practice it seems to work: Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centres thanks to congestion pricing. 3. Another way to reduce rush-hour traffic is for employers to implement flextime, which lets employees travel to and from
22、work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can also allow more staff to tele-commute(work from home)so as to keep more cars off the road altogether. 4. Some urban planners still believe that the best
23、way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets. But such techniques do not really keep cars off the road; they only accommodate more of them. 5. Other, more forward-thinking, planners know that more and more drivers a
24、nd cars are taking to the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment. For this reason, the American government has decided to spend some $ 7 billion on helping to increase capacity on publi
25、c-transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies. But environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the $ 50 billion being spent on roads and bridges. A. Paying to get in B. Changing work practice C. Not doing enough D. A solution which is no solution E. Clo
26、sing city centres to traffic F. A global problem 23 Paragraph 1_ 24 Paragraph 2 _ 25 Paragraph 3 _ 26 Paragraph 4_ 26 A. reduce traffic jams B. drive around C. go by bus D. spend more money E. travel regularly F. encourage more private cars 27 Most American drivers think it convenient to_. 28 If cha
27、rged high enough, some drivers may_to enter certain parts of town. 29 Building more roads is not an effective way to_. 30 The U. S. government has planned to_updating public-transport systems. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Operation Migration If you look up a
28、t the sky in the early fall in the northern part of North America, you may see groups of birds. These birds are flying south to places where they can find food and warmth for the winter. They are migrating(迁徙 ). The young birds usually learn to migrate from their parents. They follow their parents s
29、outh. In one unusual case, however, the young birds are following something very different. These birds are young whooping cranes, and they are following an airplane! The whooping crane is the largest bird that is native to North America. These birds almost disappeared in the 1800s. By 1941, there w
30、ere only about 20 cranes alive. In the 1970s, people were worried that these creatures were in danger of disappearing completely. As a result, the United States indenti-fied whooping cranes as an endangered species that they needed to protect. Some researchers tried to help. They began to breed whoo
31、ping cranes in special parks to increase the number of birds. This plan was successful. There were a lot of new baby birds. As the birds became older, the researchers wanted to return them to nature. However, there was a problem; These young birds did not know how to migrate. They needed human human
32、 help. In 2001， some people had a creative idea. They formed an organization called Operation Migration. This group decided to use very light airplanes, instead of birds, to lead the young whooping cranes on their first trip south. They painted each airplane to look like a whooping crane. Even the p
33、ilots wore special clothing to make them look like cranes. The cranes began to trust the airplanes, and the plan worked. Today, planes still lead birds across approximately 1, 200 miles(1, 931 kilometers), from the United States-Canadian border to the Gulf of Mexico. They leave the birds at differen
34、t sites. If a trip is successful, the birds can travel on their own in the future. Then, when these birds become parents, they will teach their young to migrate. The people of Operation Migration think this is the only way to maintain the whooping crane population. Operation Migration works with sev
35、eral other organizations and government institutes. Together, they assist hundreds of cranes each year. However, some experts predict that soon, this wont be necessary. Thanks to Operation Migration and its partners, the crane population will continue to migrate. Hopefully, they wont need human help
36、 any more. 31 Whooping cranes migrate in winter to_. （ A） find warmth and food （ B） raise baby whooping cranes （ C） get human help （ D） lay eggs 32 Whooping cranes are native to_. （ A） Mexico （ B） South America （ C） North America （ D） the Persian Gulf 33 Operation Migration aims to_. （ A） teach adul
37、t cranes how to fly （ B） lead young cranes on their first trip south （ C） breed cranes in special parks （ D） transport cranes to the North 34 The distance covered by the young whooping cranes on their trip south is_. （ A） 120 miles （ B） 1, 200 miles （ C） 1, 931 miles （ D） 2, 000 miles 35 If operatio
38、n Migration is successful, whooping cranes will_. （ A） follow airplanes south every year （ B） live in Canada all year round （ C） learn to migrate on their own （ D） be unable to fly back 35 On the Trial of the Honey Badger On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers learn a l
39、ot more about honey badgers(獾 ). The team employed a local wildlife expert, Kitso Khama, to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers movements and behavior as discreetly(谨慎地 )as possible, without frightening them away or causing them to chang
40、e their natural behavior. They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before releasing them. In view of the animals reputation, this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do. “The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see somethin
41、g new, “ he says. “That, combined with their unpredictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture. If they sense you have food, for example, they wont be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. Theyre actually quite sociable creatures around humans, but as soon as they feel they might be
42、in danger, they can become extremely vicious(凶恶的 ). Fortunately this is rare, but it does happen. “ The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes, feared and avoided by most other animals, wer
43、e not safe from them. The researchers were surprised, however, by the animals fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. Preciously researchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey(猎物 ). The team also learnt that, contrary to previous
44、 research findings, the badgers occasionally formed loose family groups. They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research, including the fact that female badgers never socialized with each other. Following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover large dist
45、ances in a short space of time. Some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometers. Although, they seem happy to share these territories with other males, there are occasional fights over an important food source, and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towar
46、ds other species. As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people, it gave the team the chance to get up close to them without being the subject of the animals curiosity or sudden aggression. The badgers eating patterns, which had been disrupted returned, to normal. It also allowed the te
47、am to observe more closely some of the other creatures that form working associations with the honey badger, as these seemed to adopt the badgers relaxed attitude when near humans. 36 Why did the wild life experts visit the Kalahari Desert? （ A） To find where honey badgers live. （ B） To catch some h
48、oney badgers for food. （ C） To observe how honey badgers behave. （ D） To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation. 37 What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers? （ A） They are always looking for food. （ B） They do not enjoy human company. （ C） It is common for them to attack people. （ D）
49、They show interest in things they are not familiar with. 38 What did the team find out about honey badgers? （ A） There were some creatures they did not eat. （ B） They were afraid of poisonous creatures. （ C） Female badgers did not mix with male badgers. （ D） They may get some of the water they needed from fruit. 39 Which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers? （ A） They hunt over a very large area. （ B） They dont run very quickly. （ C） They defend the
