1、2014年 9月上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题试卷及答案与解析 Part A Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER B
2、OOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. 0 The subject of todays lecture is culture shock: group pressure in action. Culture shock, as you know, is the term used to【 C1】 _many people have when they travel to another country, and it can be seen as a manifestation of【 C2】 _. It is a good
3、example of group pressure, because it shows what happens when an individual suddenly experiences【 C3】 _, the rules of another cultural group. Now culture shock is【 C4】 _, but Im going to focus on three main ideas in this lecture. First of all, we will【 C5】 _why people experience culture shock. Secon
4、dly, I will describe the different stages of this experience. Finally, Ill mention【 C6】 _of this research, because although you might think that culture shock【 C7】 _, that is not the case. In fact, cross-cultural studies have【 C8】 _. First, then, why do people experience culture shock?【 C9】 _. When
5、you grow up in【 C10】 _, naturally you get used to the rules and guidelines that【 C11】_of the people around you. In a sense, you become【 C12】 _of your social group. You tend【 C13】 _; you just accept them without thinking. These rules are often【 C14】 _, and therefore, youre not aware of their impact.
6、In other words, you are not【 C15】 _. They only become important when, for example, you【 C16】 _or a different environment thats governed by a different set of rules. In fact, this experience can be so shocking that it has been compared to having 【 C17】 _thrown over you. Culture shock happens precisel
7、y because you cannot use your own culture as a map to【 C18】_and your own understanding of what surrounds you. Youre totally out of control, just as if you were【 C19】 _in the dark, without a road map. And because of this, people often behave irrationally. Its a highly stressful experience, and there
8、are【 C20】_. 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 11 【 C11】 12 【 C12】 13 【 C13】 14 【 C14】 15 【 C15】 16 【 C16】 17 【 C17】 18 【 C18】 19 【 C19】 20 【 C20】 Part B Listening Comprehension Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and con
9、versations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER
10、 BOOKLET. （ A） Reading newspapers. （ B） Reading journals. （ C） Writing articles on the sports. （ D） Watching the sports games. （ A） The scandals. （ B） The sports. （ C） The crossword puzzles. （ D） The main stories. （ A） Consult the dictionary. （ B） Stop for a while. （ C） Discuss with his wife. （ D） T
11、alk to his friend. （ A） It reports faithfully whats going on in the world. （ B） It is just the governments opinions, not real facts. （ C） We should compare it with what the governments doing. （ D） We should take it with some reservation. （ A） Its largely entertaining. （ B） Its generally out-of-date.
12、 （ C） Its merely informative. （ D） Its very often biased. （ A） Its share price fell 10% in after-hours trading on Wednesday. （ B） It was floated on the New York Stock Exchange last week. （ C） It averaged 241 million monthly users in past year. （ D） It reported a net loss of 645 million dollars for 2
13、013. （ A） Previously found links between smoking and breast cancer are confirmed. （ B） There is growing evidence that breast cancer of all types is linked to smoking. （ C） Young women smokers may risk an increase of a common type of breast cancer. （ D） Women over 44 are 60% more likely to develop a
14、certain type of breast cancer. （ A） 27. 7%. （ B） 28%. （ C） 35%. （ D） 61.4%. （ A） 130,000. （ B） 210,000. （ C） 530,000. （ D） 340,000. （ A） As many as 44 heads of state are expected to attend the games. （ B） Athletes from 87 National Olympic Committees are to compete. （ C） There will be 98 gold medals
15、won over 16 days of competition. （ D） Events will start before the opening ceremony for the 1st time. （ A） Five. （ B） Fifteen. （ C） Twenty. （ D） Twenty-five. （ A） Patrolling on streets. （ B） Supervising investigations. （ C） Undercover work. （ D） Detective work. （ A） Patrolling on streets. （ B） Super
16、vising investigations. （ C） Undercover work. （ D） Detective work. （ A） Exhaustion. （ B） Tedium （ C） Fear. （ D） Anonymity. （ A） Legal counseling. （ B） Discussion groups. （ C） A psychological program. （ D） A physical exercise program. （ A） Life on other planets. （ B） Vegetation on Earth. （ C） Mammals
17、in deeper seas. （ D） Minerals in the earth crust. （ A） Because he studies such a difficult science. （ B） Because he studies a science without a subject. （ C） Because they dont understand what it is about. （ D） Because they think his study has no practical value. （ A） Organisms of single cells. （ B）
18、Humanoid creatures. （ C） Multi-cellular organisms. （ D） Bizarre or perhaps dangerous animals. （ A） About 130,000 years. （ B） Some 30,000 years. （ C） Five or so million years. （ D） No one knows. （ A） Floods. （ B） Continental drift. （ C） Comet or meteor strikes. （ D） Extreme temperatures. 一、 SECTION 2
19、 READING TEST Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, A, B, C or D, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage a
20、nd write tile letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 40 If youre like most middle-class parents, youve probably gotten annoyed with your daughter for constantly checking her Instagram feed or with your son for his two-thumbed texting at the dinner tab
21、le. But before you rage against technology and start unfavorably comparing your children s lives to your less-wired childhood, ask yourself this: Do you let your 10-year-old roam the neighborhood on her bicycle as long as shes back by dinner? Are you comfortable, for hours at a time, not knowing you
22、r teenagers exact whereabouts? What American children are allowed to do and what they are nothas shifted over the last 30 years, and the changes go far beyond new technologies. If you grew up middle-class in America prior to the 1980s, you were probably allowed to walk out your front door alone and
23、have adventures your parents knew nothing about. Most kids had some kind of curfew, but a lot of them also snuck out on occasion. And even those who werent given an allowance had ways to earn spending moneyby delivering newspapers, say, or baby-sitting neighborhood children. All that began to change
24、 in the 1980s. In response to anxiety about “latchkey“ kids, parents started placing their kids in after-school programs and other activities that filled up their lives from morning to night. Working during high school became far less common. Not only did newspaper routes become a thing of the past
25、but parents quit entrusting their children to teenage baby-sitters, and fast-food restaurants shifted to hiring older workers. Teenagers are now far less likely to walk to school or take the bus than previous generation. And their mobility and ability to get together casually with friends has been s
26、everely limited. Even sneaking out is futile, because theres nowhere to go. Curfew, trespassing and loitering laws have restricted teens presence in public spaces. And even if one teen has been allowed out independently and has the means to do something fun, its unlikely her friends will be able to
27、join her. Given the array of restrictions teens face, its not surprising that they have embraced technology with such enthusiasm. The need to hang out, socialize, and flirt hasnt diminished, even if kids ability to get together has. After studying teenagers for a decade, Ive come to respect how thei
28、r creativity, ingenuity and resilience have not been dampened even as they have been misunderstood, underappreciated and reviled. Ive watched teenage couples co-create images to produce a portrait of intimacy when they lack the time and place to actually kiss. Ive also witnessed undocumented youth u
29、se social media to rally their peers and personal networks, even going so far as to orchestrate school walkouts and local marches. This does not mean that teens always use the tools around them for productive purposes. Plenty of youth lash out at others, emulating a pervasive culture of meanness and
30、 cruelty. Others engage in risky behaviors, seeking attention in deeply problematic ways. Technology can be a lifesaver, but only if we recognize that the Internet makes visible the complex realities of people s lives. As a society, we both fear teenagers and fear for them. They bear the burden of o
31、ur cultural obsession with safety, and theyre constantly used as justification for increased restrictions. Yet, at the end of the day, their emotional lives aren t all that different from those of their parents as teenagers. All theyre trying to do is find a comfortable space of their own as they wo
32、rk out how they fit into the world and grapple with the enormous pressures they face. Viewed through that prism, it becomes clear how the widespread embrace of technology and the adoption of social media by kids have more to do with non-technical changes in youth culture than with anything particula
33、rly compelling about those tools. Twitter and Facebook may be fun, but theyre also offering todays teens a relief valve for coping with the increased stress and restrictions, as well as a way of being with their friends even when their more restrictive lives keep them apart. The irony of our increas
34、ing cultural desire to protect kids is that our efforts may be harming them. In an effort to limit the dangers they encounter, were not allowing them to develop skills to navigate risk. In our attempts to protect them from harmful people, were not allowing them to learn to understand, let alone nego
35、tiate, public life. It is not possible to produce an informed citizenry if we do not first let people engage in public. Treating technology as something to block, limit or demonize will not help youth come of age more successfully. If thats the goal, we need to collectively work to undo the culture
36、of fear and support our youth in exploring public life, online and off. 41 The author introduces the shifting of restrictions kids face over the last 30 years_. （ A） to demonstrate the radical progress of new technologies （ B） to express the significance of after-school programs （ C） to show that su
37、ch changes go far beyond new technologies （ D） to tell that parents are more concerned with the safety of children today 42 According to the author, teenagers embrace technology mainly because_. （ A） the socializing environment has changed greatly and has become more restricted （ B） they no longer h
38、ave the opportunity to do part-time jobs after school （ C） they are facing more restrictions both in their school study and family life （ D） the Instagram and texting are offering a panoramic world to them for enjoyment 43 In the expression “to orchestrate school walkouts and local marches“(para. 4)
39、, the word “orchestrate“ can best be replaced by_. （ A） join （ B） organize （ C） perform （ D） support 44 Which of the folowing CANNOT be true according to the passage? （ A） Social media offer todays teens a way to cope with increased restrictions. （ B） A parents efforts to protect children may actual
40、ly do harm to them. （ C） Demonizing new technology will not help young people grow up successfully. （ D） Teens use of social media should be strictly controlled to avoid possible danger. 45 Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage? （ A） Children dont have the freedom their
41、parents did （ B） Childrens creativity, ingenuity and resilience should be respected （ C） Whether its bikes or bytes, teens are teens （ D） Whether today or yesterday, teenagers are often misunderstood and misjudged 45 Economic growth is up. Unemployment is down. The housing market is in recovery. So
42、why didnt President Obamas State of the Union speech strike a more economically triumphant tone? In a word, inequality. Its bad, and its going to get worse. The forces of globalization and technology tend to wipe out middle-income jobs and favor those at the very top of the socioeconomic ladder. A n
43、ew McKinsey Global Institute study found that 230 million white collar jobs, representing some $ 9 trillion in income, will be transformed or even eliminated by computers in the next decade. As Eric Schmidt, the former CEO of Google, put it recently at the World Economic Forum in Davos, “We re in a
44、race between computers and peopleand we need to make sure the people win. “ Inequality matters for lots of reasons: It makes countries less economically and financially stable, it dampens growth by keeping wages and spending low, and it reduces social mobility. It also just makes us feel bad Behavio
45、ral economics tells us that our sense of well-being isnt absolute but rather is pegged to how the Joneses are doing. That s why it s no surprise that a new Pew study found that fewer and fewer Americans identify themselves as middle class. Yes, we have a recovery, but its a bifurcated one. There are
46、 jobs for Ph. D. s and burger flippers but not much in between. The rich are indeed getting richer: the top 1% took 95% of all new wealth created in the U. S. from 2009 to 2012. Six of the top 10 fastest-growing job categories are $ 15-an-hour service gigs. And median income has fallen not since the
47、 crisis and recovery but since 1999that was the last time the American family got a raise. While the President talked a lot about the middle class, he used the word inequality only three times in his hour-plus address(as opposed to 26 times in a similar talk last December; his message people had cle
48、arly decided it was too negative). But it was the subtext of the speech, which was almost entirely devoted to policy ideas designed to bridge the wealth gap. Their efficacy, assuming he can see them through, will vary. Yes, raising the minimum wage is a good idea, but mainly at the margins; it incre
49、ases spending power and seems fair, but it doesnt create the sort of middle-class jobs we need. Sure, free trade helps U. S. exports, but again, it doesnt necessarily create more jobs. Indeed, as Nobel laureate Michael Spence has shown, net job creation in areas of the American economy most open to trade has been basically nil since the 1980s. Immigration could bring in more skilled labor. But thats also a margina
