1、2014年职称英语（卫生类） A级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 His stomach felt hollow with fear. （ A） empty （ B） sincere （ C） respectful （ D） terrible 2 The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated. （ A） invented （ B） reproduced （ C） designed （
2、 D） reported 3 His professional career spanned 16 years. （ A） started （ B） lasted （ C） changed （ D） moved 4 She felt that she had done her good deed for the day. （ A） homework （ B） act （ C） justice （ D） model 5 The group does not advocate the use of violence. （ A） support （ B） limit （ C） regulate （
3、D） oppose 6 Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes. （ A） silent （ B） seated （ C）真 （ D） motionless 7 There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject. （ A） tendency （ B） point （ C） result （ D） finding 8 That uniform makes the guards look a
4、bsurd. （ A） ridiculous （ B） serious （ C） beautiful （ D） impressive 9 New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity. （ A） dull （ B） amazing （ C） depressing （ D） predictable 10 The country was torn apart by strife. （ A） poverty （ B） conflict （ C） war （ D） economy 11 This was disaster on a c
5、osmic scale. （ A） modest （ B） huge （ C） commercial （ D） national 12 A person s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness. （ A） equal （ B） opposite （ C） certain （ D） large 13 The department deferred the decision for six months. （ A） put off （ B） arrived at （ C） abided by （ D） protested
6、 against 14 The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation. （ A） copy （ B） publish （ C） furnish （ D） summarize 15 The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later. （ A） eased （ B） improved （ C） relieved （ D） appeared 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，
7、请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Feed Me Better When British TV chef Jamie Oliver launched his Feed Me Better campaign in 2004 in schools in the Greenwich area of London with the aim of improving the diet of British schoolchildren, some people were skep
8、tical about the impact it would have. Oliver s highly-publicized television campaign to improve school lunches led to dramatic changes in the meals offered to pupils in the Greenwich schools. In order to achieve his aim Oliver needed to show schools how to swap(交换 )cheap processed meals, which were
9、high in saturated fat(饱和脂肪 ), salt, and sugar, for healthier options. Now, research at the Institute for Social and Economic Research(ISER)has shown that Oliver s experiment did not only help pupils eat more healthily, it also resulted in them performing better at school in English and Science and i
10、n helping schools reduce their rates of absenteeism(缺勤 ). The ISER study, carried out by Michele Belol and Jonathan James, showed “substantial“ positive effects, with the performance of 11-year-old pupils eating Oliver s meals improving by up to 8% in Science and by as much as 6% in English. In addi
11、tion, the number of children having authorized absences for sickness since 2004 showed a 14% decrease. The ISER study analysed the academic test results of more than 13 ,000 children in Greenwich between 2002 and 2007 to evaluate the impact of Oliver s healthier meals on school performance. Pupils w
12、ho sat exams in 2006 2007 had been on the new diet for at least 12 months, and the researchers found that the number of pupils reaching higher levels of achievement had clearly risen. The study also compared the results of the schools in Greenwich with those of pupils of the same age in seven other
13、London areas who did not eat the meals created by Oliver. The researchers were surprised by the speed of improvements in the Greenwich pupils. They could find no other explanation for the results except for the healthier and more nutritious meals created by Oliver. Commenting on ISER s findings, Oli
14、ver said he felt the research proved that he was right in his decision to remove fatty processed food and replace it with nutrient-rich(营养的 )foods such as coconut(椰子 ), fish, and broccoli(花椰菜 ). He commented that “we could see that it made them calmer and therefore able to learn“. 16 The Feed Me Bet
15、ter campaign targeted a healthier diet at schoolchildren. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Everyone believed the campaign should be successful. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The ISER is an institute that does research on pupils performance in sport. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C
16、） Not mentioned 19 The pupils in Greenwich said they liked the healthier meals. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The number of pupils who asked for sick leave decreased. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The ISER did not do a comparative study on the impact of the new diet. （ A）
17、 Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The healthier diet has helped schoolchildren improve academically. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每 段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Aromatherapy(芳香疗
18、法 ) 1 Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very concentrated essential oils from the flowers, leaves, bark, branches or roots of plants which are considered to have healing properties. In aromatherapy these powerful oils are mixed with other oils,such as almond
19、(杏仁 )oil, or they are diluted(稀释 )with water. These solutions(溶液剂 )can be rubbed on the skin, sprayed in the air, or applied as a compress(敷药 ). 2 Many people have aromatherapy massages(按摩 ), and depending on the treatment a person is having, the aromatherapist will massage the oil into the hands or
20、 shoulders. The massage is smooth and flowing, as it is designed to create a sense of relaxation and calm. The sessions are tailored to the individual s health and mood at the time, so every session is unique. 3 Practitioners of aromatherapy believe that the aroma of the essential oils directly stim
21、ulates the brain or that the oils are absorbed through the skin into the bloodstream, where they can affect the whole body and promote healing. Other claims in support of aromatherapy are that it aids digestion, improves the functions of respiratory system, reduces muscular aches and pains, and prom
22、otes muscle relaxation and tone. It has also been argued that aromatherapy can improve circulation, lower blood pressure, and help combat insomia(失眠 )and other stress-related disorders such as tension headaches, anxiety, and mild depression. 4 However, while aromatherapy may have real effects that p
23、romote a sense of well-being, some traditional medicine practitioners remain doubtful about its powers. While research has confirmed that aromatherapy does have some positive short-term effects on most people, it also suggests that aromatherapy is not an actual science or medicine that should be use
24、d to treat illness. Furthermore, not all aromatherapy is considered beneficial to health. There are precautions which should be taken before having aromatherapy because some oils can have negative effects on people with certain medical conditions. The study of aromatherapy is relatively new and unex
25、plored. More research needs to be conducted to make scientific conclusions about its use and effects. A. Current Research Into Aromatherapy B. Aromatherapy and Conventional Medicine C. Different Views About Aromatherapy D. Introduction to Aromatherapy E. Doubts About the Benefits of Aromatherapy F.
26、Personalized Aromatherapy Massage 23 Paragraph 1 24 Paragraph 2 25 Paragraph 3 26 Paragraph 4 26 A. suit different people B. be further explored C. help the disabled D. be used externally E. have healing effects F. be promoted 27 Aromatherapy is a mixture oil from parts of the plants to_. 28 The ses
27、sions of aromatherapy massages are designed to_. 29 Aromatherapy is believed to_in various ways. 30 The uses and benefits of aromatherapy need to_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 A New Strategy to Overcome Breast Cancer Post-menopausal(绝经后的 )women who walk for
28、 an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly, a study has suggested. The report, which followed 73,000 women for 17 years, found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk w
29、as specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk. A recent poll for the charity Ramblers found a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study, publi
30、shed in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers “Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst postmenopausal women. We were pleased to find that without any other recr
31、eational activity, just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women. “More strenuous(紧张的 )and longer activities lowered the risk even more. “ Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign, said: “ This study adds further evidence that o
32、ur lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer and even small changes incorporated into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference. She added:“ We know that the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the first place. Th
33、e challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer. “ 31 All of the following factors relating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage EXCEPT_. （ A） regular walking （ B） breathing exercise （ C） recre
34、ational activity （ D） lifestyle choices 32 It can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patel s study that_. （ A） daily walking could cut the chance of breast cancer （ B） women have fewer chances of physical activity （ C） leisure-time activity is not associated with cancer risk （ D） walking is not recommended f
35、or women with breast cancer 33 Dr. Alpa Patel was_. （ A） chief editor of Cancer Epidemiology （ B） chair of the American Cancer Society （ C） chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign （ D） head of the survey study 34 Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? （ A） Most women t
36、ake walking as their only recreational activity. （ B） The study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects. （ C） Irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women. （ D） Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the women surveyed. 35 The word“
37、 sustainable“ in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to_. （ A） affordable （ B） available （ C） persistent （ D） continuable 35 Around 45 % of the UK s carbon dioxide emissions come from the energy people use every day at home and when they travel. In order to generate that energy, fossil fuels(co
38、al oil, and gas)are burnt, and these produce greenhouse gases in particular carbon dioxide(CO2). Car emissions are a major problem, but the truth is that more CO2 comes from the energy used at home. The average household creates around five and a half tonnes of CO2 a year, and it is the same CO2 tha
39、t is changing the climate and damaging the environment. CO2 and various other gases wrap the earth in an invisible blanket helping to prevent heat from escaping. Without this greenhouse effect, the average temperature on Earth would be around -18 , compared with the current average of around + 15C.
40、The composition of this blanket of gases has remained relatively constant for many thousands of years. However, since the industrial revolution began around 200 years ago, people have been burning increasing amounts of fossil fuels, thus releasing more CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the process.
41、This has increased the heating effect of the blanket, trapping more of the sun s energy inside the Earth s atmosphere in turn the Earth s temperature has increased more rapidly in a shorter period of time than it has for thousands of years. In 2008, the total UK CO2 emissions were 533 million tonnes
42、. 27%(144 million tonnes)of those emissions came from the energy used to heat, light, and power homes. Transport emissions caused by passenger cars, buses and motorcycles accounted for a further 16%(87 million tonnes)of the UK s CO2 emissions. These figures show that a significant amount of CO2 resu
43、lts from ordinary citizens carbon footprint in their daily activities and lifestyle. The effects of climate change can be seen all around us. Weather patterns are becoming more and more fractured and uncertain, and over the last century trends in warm weather have become increasingly common. In the
44、UK in the last 40 years, winters have grown warmer, with much heavier rainfall. One of the clearest shifts over the last 200 years is towards summers that are hotter and drier, causing pervasive(普遍的 )water shortages. Recent years have been the hottest since records began and during August 2003, the
45、hottest ever outdoor temperature in the UK was recorded 38. 5 . 36 What is the author s main aim? （ A） To explain the greenhouse effect. （ B） To describe the effects of climate change in the UK. （ C） To show how much CO2 is produced by ordinary people s activities. （ D） To illustrate how industrial
46、activity creates the greenhouse effect. 37 What is the author s opinion about the level of CO2 emissions in the UK? （ A） The majority of CO2 emissions come from motorized transport. （ B） CO2 emissions may cause climate change in the future. （ C） More CO2 emissions come from homes than from cars. （ D
47、） The average citizen does not create much CO2. 38 CO2 emissions from vehicles_. （ A） are a more serious problem than energy shortage （ B） do not cause any problems （ C） are high because the average household owns a car （ D） contribute considerably to greenhouse gases 39 The results of climate chang
48、e in the UK can be seen in （ A） cooler summers （ B） water supply （ C） warmer winters （ D） stronger winds 40 Which of the following is the best title for the passage? （ A） Ways of reducing the UK s CO2 emissions. （ B） UK citizen s carbon footprint. （ C） The effect of industry on climate change in the
49、 UK. （ D） Changes in weather patterns in the UK. 40 First Self-contained Heart Implanted A patient on the brink(边缘 )of death has received the world s first self-contained artificial heart a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires, tubes sticking out of the chest. Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium(钛 )and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday. The
