1、2014年职称英语（卫生类） C级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Lack of space forbids further treatment of the topic here. （ A） receives （ B） deserves （ C） prevents （ D） accepts 2 His knowledge of French is fair. （ A） very useful （ B） very limited （ C） q
2、uite good （ D） rather special 3 The new service helped boost pre-tax profits by 10%. （ A） return （ B） increase （ C） realize （ D） double 4 He made a number of rude remarks about the food. （ A） comments （ B） signs （ C） manners （ D） noises 5 Take some spare clothes in case you get wet. （ A） fine （ B） w
3、inter （ C） outdoor （ D） extra 6 Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down. （ A） excitement （ B） disappointment （ C） anger （ D） calm 7 The book raised a storm of controversy. （ A） damage （ B） voice （ C） argument （ D） doubt 8 The worst agonies of the war were now beginning. （ A） parts （ B） aspec
4、ts （ C） results （ D） pains 9 My principal concern is to get the job done fast. （ A） serious （ B） deep （ C） main （ D） particular 10 They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system. （ A） prove （ B） discover （ C） consider （ D） imagine 11 Some comments are just inviting trouble. （ A） k
5、eeping out of （ B） getting into （ C） asking for （ D） suffering from 12 I m sure Ill be able to amuse myself for a few hours. （ A） treat （ B） hold （ C） entertain （ D） keep 13 Several windows had been smashed. （ A） broken （ B） cleaned （ C） replaced （ D） fixed 14 The AIDS convention will be held in Gla
6、sgow. （ A） party （ B） celebration （ C） union （ D） conference 15 His heart gave a sudden leap when he saw her. （ A） jump （ B） hope （ C） silence （ D） life 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判 断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Some Schooling on Ba
7、ckpacks According to the U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 5, 900 kids were treated at hospital emergency rooms, clinics, and doctors offices last year for sprains(扭伤 )and strains caused by backpacks. Such injuries are so widespread that more than 70 percent of physicians surveyed by the Ame
8、rican Academy of Orthopedic(整形外科的 )Surgeons listed backpacks as a potential clinical problem for children. How do you avoid such problems? Choose bags that have wide, padded straps(有垫的背带 )and a belt. That will help transfer some of the weight from the back and shoulders to the hips. You should also
9、tighten both straps firmly, so the pack rests about 2 inches above your waist. Also, remember to pack your bag with the heaviest items closest to your back and to bend both knees when you pick it up. How much should you stuff into your pack? That depends on your size and strength, but a general rule
10、 is not to exceed 20 percent of your body weight. So if a child weighs 100 pounds, the backpack and its load should not be more than 20 pounds. One hint; Make frequent trips to your locker(储物柜 )to exchange books between classes. Backpacks with wheels let you pull the weight along the ground, but the
11、y have problems too. Many are larger than the average shoulder bag, so students are tempted to carry more than they would in a conventional pack. Roller bags often don t fit into a locker. They can also lead to tripping and falls in crowded halls. Whatever you use, 10 or 15 minutes of stretching and
12、 back strengthening is a good idea. 16 About six thousand American kids were injured by carrying backpacks last year. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 70 percent of UK physicians have treated children with sprains and strains. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Backpacks with wid
13、e, padded straps and a belt can help to avoid problems of sprains and strains. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 A 100-pound child should carry a backpack of more than 20 pounds. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Children should put all the books in their lockers. （ A） Right （ B）
14、 Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Roller bags tend to be heavier than ordinary backpacks. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 A 10-15 minutes exercise will help you bear a heavier backpack. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题 要求
15、从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Eye Problems 1 Our eyes are under a great deal of strain these days as computer work, television viewing, night driving, and even sunshine are making exceptional demands. Sunlight, especially in the summer, is now regarded as one
16、cause of cataracts(白内障 ). 2 The thinning of the ozone(臭氧 )layer means more short-wave ultraviolet(UV)rays(紫外线 )are reaching the earth, and these are the biggest risk factor for clouding the lens of the eye. Ultraviolet rays increase the risk of changes to the cornea(角膜 )causing clouded vision and ev
17、entually cataracts. The rays can be shielded only by anti-UV lenses. However, our eyes are not sufficiently protected by fashion sunglasses. 3 “Poor night vision and eye fatigue are noticeably more common, and there has been a big increase in minor eye complaints in the over-40s, “ says Dr. Mireille
18、 Bonnet, who took part in recent research. She says that the six muscles controlling each eye move more than 100, 000 times a day and that everyone should learn to exercise their eye muscles and allow them to rest. 4 It was traditionally thought that near- or far-sightedness were inherited condition
19、s and could not be influenced by environmental factors, but new research is challenging this assumption. 5 Recent studies suggest that up to 80 percent of schoolchildren in the United States and western Europe are nearsighted. Years of focusing on close, two-dimensional work causes most children to
20、become at least slightly nearsighted by the age of 10, say the researchers. 6 Problems with night vision, which affect around 25 percent of people, are also on the increase because of computer use. Using computer screens means the eye must operate in electromagnetic fields(电磁场 )that make it work har
21、der. It is estimated that 25 to 30 percent of people have eye conditions, such as difficulty with night vision, which result from staring at a screen. A. The Development of Poor Night Vision B. The Greatest Threat to the Eyes C. The Function of Sunglasses D. The Reason for Childrens Nearsightedness
22、E. The Effects of Computer on the Eyes F. The Ways to Reduce Eye Complaints 23 Paragraph 2 24 Paragraph 3 25 Paragraph 5 26 Paragraph 6 26 A. our parents B. clouded vision C. eye muscles D. our eyes E. computer use F. eye move 27 Sunlight in the summer is believed to be one cause of_. 28 We can wear
23、 anti-UV glasses to protect_. 29 We used to believe that near- or far-sightedness were inherited from_ 30 Over 25% of people are estimated to have difficulty with night vision due to 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 The Bilingual Brain When Karl Kim immigrated t
24、o the United States from Korea as a teenager, he had a hard time learning English. Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language. As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York. Their work led to
25、an important discovery. They found evidence that children and adults dont use the same parts of the brain when they learn a second language. The researchers used an instrument called an MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people. One group consisted
26、of those who had learned a second language as children. The other consisted of people who, like Kim, learned their second language later in life. People from both groups were placed inside the MR1 scanner. This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of the brain were getting more blood and were m
27、ore active. They asked people from both groups to think about what they had done the day before, first in one language and then the other. They couldn t speak out loud because any movement would disrupt(干扰 )the scanning. Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain Broca s
28、 area, which is believed to control speech production, and Wernicke s area, which is thought to process meaning. Kim and Hirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke s area no matter what language they were speaking. But their use of Broca s area was different. People who l
29、earned a second language as children used the same region in Broca s area for both their first and second languages. People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca s area for their second language. How does Hirsch explain this difference? Hirsch believes that when
30、language is first being programmed in young children, their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area. Once that programming is complete, the processing of a new language must be taken over by a different part of the brain. A second possibility is simply that we may
31、acquire languages differently as children than we do as adults. Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch, sound and sight. And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class. 31 Karl Kim s study showed that_. （ A）
32、people learn English and Korean in different ways （ B） children and adults use the different parts of the brain to learn a second language （ C） it is not possible for an adult to speak a second language fluently （ D） people s brains will not change when they learn a second language 32 How did Kim an
33、d Hirsch study the brains of two groups of bilingual people? （ A） They interviewed them in English and Korean. （ B） They asked them to speak the same language. （ C） They used an MRI scanner to observe their brains. （ D） They asked them to talk about what they had done the day before. 33 Which aspect
34、 of the two language centers in the brain does Paragraph 3 discuss? （ A） Impact. （ B） Function. （ C） Location. （ D） Size. 34 Kim and Hirsch find that children_. （ A） use the same region in Broca s area to learn their first and second language （ B） learn a second language slower than adults （ C） are
35、better at acquiring the sound system of a second language than adults （ D） use special parts of the brain to program the structures of their first language 35 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_. （ A） students do better in high school than in college （ B） bilingual children will learn b
36、etter in college classes （ C） mothers are good language teachers （ D） it takes more time for adults to learn a second language 35 Approaches to Understanding Intelligences It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way. You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reade
37、r. Each of us is different. Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities. Psychologists have two different views on intelligence. Some believe there is one general intelligence. Others believe there are many different intelligences. Some psychologists
38、say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests. These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests. They do well on tests using words, numbers, or pictures. They do well o
39、n individual or group tests, and written or oral tests. Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests. Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence. The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving. The brain waves of people w
40、ith higher intelligence show a quicker reaction. Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain. Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children. He believes
41、 that all children are different and shouldn t be tested by one intelligence test. Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesn t think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling. He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences. These intelli
42、gences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life. Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences. Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences. Gardner says that his theory is based on biology. F
43、or example, when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work. People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing. So, there is not just one intelligence to lose. Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical,
44、 interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的 ), and naturalistic. 36 What is the main idea of this passage? （ A） The importance of intelligence. （ B） The development of intelligence tests. （ C） How to become intelligent. （ D） How to understand intelligence. 37 Which of the following stateme
45、nts is true concerning general intelligence? （ A） Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests. （ B） Intelligent people do not do well on group tests. （ C） Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests. （ D） People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well
46、on other tests. 38 Gardner bel ieves that （ A） all children are alike （ B） children should take one intelligence test （ C） there is no general intelligence （ D） children have different intelligences 39 According to Gardner, schools should_. （ A） test students IQs （ B） promote development of all inte
47、lligences （ C） train students who do poorly on tests （ D） focus on finding the most intelligent students 40 Gardner thinks that his theory has a_ （ A） musical foundation （ B） biological foundation （ C） intrapersonal foundation （ D） linguistic foundation 40 Some Sleep Drugs Do More Than Make You Slee
48、p The United States Food and Drug Administration(FDA)has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs. Last Wednesday, the FDA a
49、nnounced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. These include the risk of life-threatening allergic(过敏性的 )reactions. They also include rare incidents of strange behavior. These include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep. Last year, a member of the United States Congress said he had a sleep-driving incident. Patrick Kennedy, a representative fr
