1、2014年职称英语（理工类） A级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 This was disaster on a cosmic scale. （ A） modest （ B） commercial （ C） huge （ D） national 2 New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity. （ A） amazing （ B） depressing （ C） predict
2、able （ D） dull 3 A person s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness. （ A） equal （ B） certain （ C） large （ D） opposite 4 His professional career spanned 16 years. （ A） started （ B） changed （ C） lasted （ D） moved 5 The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later. （ A）
3、 eased （ B） improved （ C） relieved （ D） appeared 6 The group does not advocate the use of violence. （ A） limit （ B） support （ C） regulate （ D） oppose 7 She felt that she had done her good deed for the day. （ A） act （ B） homework （ C） justice （ D） model 8 Some of the larger birds can remain stationar
4、y in the air for several minutes. （ A） motionless （ B） silent （ C） seated （ D）真 9 There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject. （ A） point （ B） result （ C） finding （ D） tendency 10 His stomach felt hollow with fear. （ A） sincere （ B） respectful （ C） empty （ D） terrible 11
5、The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation. （ A） copy （ B） publish （ C） summarize （ D） furnish 12 That uniform makes the guards look absurd. （ A） serious （ B） beautiful （ C） impressive （ D） ridiculous 13 The department deferred the decision for six months. （ A） put off （ B）
6、arrived at （ C） abided by （ D） protested against 14 The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated. （ A） invented （ B） reproduced （ C） designed （ D） reported 15 The country was torn apart by strife. （ A） conflict （ B） poverty （ C） war （ D） economy 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，
7、请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Experience the World in 3D Game Ever wondered how your cat or dog sees the world? Now you can look through their eyes with the first 3D game that recreates the vision of different species based on scientific evidence. Th
8、e online simulation, created by the French 3D design company Dassault Systemes, with the guidance of veterinary ophthalmologist(眼科专家 )Didier Schmidt-Morand, mimics(模仿 )the vision of five animals cats, dogs, rats, hawks and bees as a player steers them through Place Vendome in Paris. Due to differenc
9、es in field of view, colour perception and night vision, for example, sight can be drastically different from species to species. “ In terms of performance, eyes are as variable as different models of cars , “ says Schmidt-Morand. The game was created by using existing virtual models of the square t
10、hen applying effects based on descriptions of each animal s vision. Dassault s 3D software allows a scene to be modified by adding blur or changing the colours, angle of vision and depth of field. Although it was easy to recreate vision inferior to that of humans cats and dogs, for example, have tro
11、uble distinguishing shades of red replicating features that we are unable to see was a challenge. Hawks have more detailed vision than ours, whereas dogs are better at seeing movement and have a wider field of view. “We used virtual cameras to precisely simulate larger viewing angles but the result
12、made people nauseous(令人作呕的 ), “ says Schmidt-Morand. “So we tweaked(微调 )the model to give a sense of the wider view without sticking to reality. The rat s view also departs from reality: because they are near-sighted, everything more than 15 centimetres away is a blur, so they typically move close t
13、o walls to help them navigate. “A rat would never throw itself into the middle of an open area, “ says Schmidt-Morand. The simulation for this animal is supplemented with a map in the top right corner to help determine the rat s position: because of their limited eyesight, most landmarks are obscure
14、d. The game is intended as an educational resource and players can discuss their experience with others through community features on the website. If there is interest from schools and zoos, the team hopes to recreate the vision of more animals. 16 The game developed by Dassault Systemes is the firs
15、t 3D game recreating the vision of different species. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Dassault s 3D software takes different perspectives like color perception and angle of vision into account. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The animals views in the software are the same as
16、those in reality. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Dogs have larger viewing angles than humans. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 It takes the team the longest time to recreate the rat s view because they re near-sighted. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The team is w
17、orking on recreating the vision of more animals. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Schmidt-Morand s favorite animal is cat. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一
18、个最佳选项。 22 Climate Change; The Long Reach 1 Earth is warming. Sea levels are rising. There s more carbon in the air, and Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment to better gauge(评估 )Earth s future climate now argue that these changes may
19、not reverse for a very long time. 2 People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That burning releases carbon dioxide, a colorless gas. In the air, this gas traps heat at Earth s surface. And the more carbon dioxide released, the more the planet warms. If current consumption of fossil fuel
20、s doesn t slow, the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years and be more severe than scientists had been expecting. Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper. 3 Most climate-change studies look at what s going to happen in t
21、he next century or so. During that time, changes in the planet s environment could nudge(推动 )global warming even higher. For example, snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt, sunlight can now reach and warm the exposed ground. This extra heat raises the air temperature even
22、more, causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a “fast feedback“. 4 Zeebe says it s important to look at fast feedbacks. However, he adds, they re limited. From a climate change perspective, “This century is the most important time for the next few generat
23、ions, “ he told Science News. “But the world is not ending in 2100. “For this new study, Zeebe now focuses on “slow feedbacks“. While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries, slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets and the migration of plant life a
24、s they relocate to more comfortable areas are two examples of slow feedbacks. 5 Zeebe gathered information from previously published studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate. Then he came up with a forecast for the future tha
25、t accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes. Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius(8.1 degree Fahrenheit)change by the year 3000. But slow feedbacks added another 1.5 C for a 6C total increase, Zeebe reports. He also found that slow feedback events will
26、 cause global warming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil fuels to burn. A. Rising of Sea Levels B. Impact of Burning Fossil Fuels C. Fast Feedbacks D. Slow Feedbacks E. Unpredictability of Feedback Processes F. A Prediction of Future Climate Change 23 Paragraph 2 24 Par
27、agraph 3 25 Paragraph 4 26 Paragraph 5 26 A. the exposed ground B. a very long time C. the extra heat D. recorded history E. previously published studies F. rapid exaggeration of impacts 27 Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in_. 28 Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach_. 29 Zeebe
28、 came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing_. 30 After fossil fuels are used up, global warming will continue for_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 The Northern Lights The sun is stormy and has its own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that
29、even the Sun s gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check! Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma(等离子体 ), and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the s
30、olar wind. The more active the Sun, the stronger the solar wind. The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth, but don t worry because a protective magnetic field surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the nor
31、th and south poles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth s magnetic field, the magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect. The breaking and reconnecting of the ma
32、gnetic field lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earth s atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall to the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky. Each atmospheric gas glows a different co
33、lor. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights. Watching auroras(北极光 )is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alas
34、ka and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate(跳动 ), flicker(闪烁 ), or even move like waves. During solar maximum, 5 auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico Auroras often seem to be very close to
35、the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick. We hope you are able to
36、 travel to far north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it! 31 The solar wind comes into being as a result of_. （ A） disappearance of the Sun s gravity （ B） unpredictable weather of the Sun （ C） fast flow of ene
37、rgy away from the Sun （ D） a stream of particles being blown away 32 What happens when solar wind comes to the Earth? （ A） It is trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. （ B） A protective magnetic field is formed at the same time. （ C） It destroys the protective magnetic field surrounding the Ear
38、th. （ D） It breaks magnetic field lines and does severe damage to the Earth. 33 The Northern Lights are created when_. （ A） the magnetic field lines fail to reconnect （ B） the electrons falling to the Earth shine in different colors （ C） atomic particles fall to the Earth and collide with atmospheri
39、c gas molecules （ D） oxygen and nitrogen are separated from the atmospheric gases 34 Which of the following statements is true of the Northern Lights? （ A） Their movement is slow enough to be observed with the eyes. （ B） People cannot see them unless traveling to Alaska or Canada. （ C） They are very
40、 close to the ground. （ D） They are very long and thick. 35 What is the author s tone toward the Northern Lights? （ A） Indifferent. （ B） Sarcastic. （ C） Sharp. （ D） Appreciative. 35 Eye-tracker Lets You Drag and Drop Files With a Glance Bored of using a mouse? Soon you 11 be able to change stuff on
41、your computer screen and then move it directly onto your smartphone or tablet(平板电脑 ) with nothing more than a glance. A system called EyeDrop uses a head-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view, so it knows where you are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object a photo,
42、say and then pressing a key, selects that object. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just by glancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly. “The beauty of using gaze to support this is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to a
43、cquire, “ says Jayson Turner, who developed the system with colleagues at Lancaster University, UK. Turner believes EyeDrop would be useful to transfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display to your smartphone or tablet for sharing photos. A button needs to be used to select
44、 the object you are looking at otherwise you end up with the “Midas touch“(点 石成金 )effect, whereby everything you look at gets selected by your gaze, says Turner. “Imagine if your mouse clicked on everything it pointed at, “ he says. Christian Holz, a researcher in human-computer interaction at Yahoo
45、 Labs in Sunnyvale, California, says the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of using gaze-tracking to interact. “EyeDrop solves this in a slick(灵巧的 )way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touch input as a cl
46、utching mechanism, “ he says. “ This now allows users to seamlessly(无缝地 )interact across devices far and close in a very natural manner. “ While current eye-trackers are rather bulky, mainstream consumer devices are not too far away. Swedish firm Tobii is developing gaze-tracking technology that can
47、 be installed in laptops and tablets and is expected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glass headset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future. Turner says he has also looked at how content can be cut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on a touchscreen
48、. The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia in Sweden, last week. 36 The eye-tracker technology enables us to_. （ A） move an object from screen with a glance （ B） change our computer screen （ C） focus on anything that interests us （ D） get a smartphone connected
49、wirelessly 37 Why is a button needed? （ A） To minimize the cost of EyeDrop. （ B） To choose as many objects as possible. （ C） To select what we want. （ D） To make EyeDrop different from others. 38 The word “this“ in Paragraph 6 refers to_. （ A） application of gaze-tracking in human-computer interaction （ B） interaction between human and computer （ C） generalization of EyeDrop system （ D） combination of gaze-tracking with input on touch devices 39 Which of the foll
