1、2014年职称英语（理工类） B级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 She felt that she had done her good deed for the day. （ A） act （ B） homework （ C） justice （ D） model 2 The group does not advocate the use of violence. （ A） limit （ B） support （ C） regulate
2、（ D） oppose 3 He led a very moral life. （ A） human （ B） intelligent （ C） natural （ D） honourable 4 His professional career spanned 16 years. （ A） started （ B） changed （ C） moved （ D） lasted 5 The majority of people around here are decent. （ A） real （ B） honest （ C） normal （ D） wealthy 6 The curricul
3、um was too narrow and too rigid. （ A） hidden （ B） traditional （ C） inflexible （ D） official 7 The worst agonies of the war were now beginning, （ A） pains （ B） parts （ C） aspects （ D） results 8 Several windows had been smashed. （ A） broken （ B） cleaned （ C） replaced （ D） fixed 9 London quickly became
4、 a flourishing port. （ A） successful （ B） major （ C） large （ D） commercial 10 Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down. （ A） excitement （ B） anger （ C） calm （ D） disappointment 11 They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system. （ A） prove （ B） consider （ C） imagine （ D） dis
5、cover 12 His stomach felt hollow with fear. （ A） empty （ B） sincere （ C） respectful （ D） terrible 13 It was a magic night until the spell was broken. （ A） time （ B） charm （ C） space （ D） opportunity 14 The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation. （ A） copy （ B） furnish （ C） p
6、ublish （ D） summarize 15 His knowledge of French is fair. （ A） very useful （ B） quite good （ C） very limited （ D） rather special 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的 是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 So Many “Earths“ The Milky Way(银河 )contains
7、billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life. That s the finding of a new study. It draws on data that came from NASA s top planet-hunting telescope. A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service. Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets
8、orbiting some 170, 000 stars. Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy. The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth. The authors of a study, published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
9、conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars, with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun, may host a planet that could support life as we know it. Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth s, but no more than twice that big. The planet also would have to orbit in a
10、 star s habitable zone. That s where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid. The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42, 000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them. The scientists used those numbers to ext
11、rapolate(推算 )to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see. The estimate is rough, the authors admit. If applied to the solar system, it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars. Neither planet is Earthlike(although either
12、might have been in the distant past). Using tighter limits, the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world. These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit. Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn t sound like
13、a big number. It would mean, however, that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life. 16 The Kepler space telescope has been in service for 15 years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The main task of the Kepler space telescope is to find out p
14、lanets with similar conditions to Earth s. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The planet that could support life might be a little bit smaller than the Earth. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The Earth is a planet orbiting in the Sun s habitable zone. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） N
15、ot mentioned 20 The new finding is based on a thorough study of 170, 000 stars in the Milky Way. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The estimate of the number of planets that could support life is not very accurate. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 This is the first research find
16、ing about the planets with a chance for life. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Climate Change; The Long Reach 1 Earth is warming. Sea levels are rising. Ther
17、e s more carbon in the air, and Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment to better gauge(评估 )Earth s future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time. 2 People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energ
18、y. That burning releases carbon dioxide, a colorless gas. In the air, this gas traps heat at Earths surface. And the more carbon dioxide released, the more the planet warms. If current consumption of fossil fuels doesn t slow, the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years and be more s
19、evere than scientists had been expecting. Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper. 3 Most climate-change studies look at what s going to happen in the next century or so. During that time, changes in the planet s environment could nudge(
20、推动 )global warming even higher. For example, snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt, sunlight can now reach and warm the exposed ground. This extra heat raises the air temperature even more, causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is calle
21、d a “fast feedback“. 4 Zeebe says it s important to look at fast feedbacks. However, he adds, they re limited. From a climate change perspective, “ This century is the most important time for the next few generations, “ he told Science News. “But the world is not ending in 2100. “ For this new study
22、, Zeebe now focuses on “slow feedbacks“. While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries, slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets and the migration of plant life as they relocate to more comfortable areas are two examples of slow feedbacks. 5 Zeebe g
23、athered information from previously published studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate. Then he came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes. Climate forecasts that use only f
24、ast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius(8.1 degree Fahrenheit)change by the year 3000. But slow feedbacks added another 1.5 C for a 6C total increase, Zeebe reports. He also found that slow feedback events will cause global warming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil
25、fuels to burn. A. Fast Feedbacks B. A Prediction of Future Climate Change C. Rising of Sea Levels D. Slow Feedbacks E. Impact of Burning Fossil Fuels F. Unpredictability of Feedback Processes 23 Paragraph 2 24 Paragraph 3 25 Paragraph 4 26 Paragraph 5 26 A. the extra heat B. rapid exaggeration of im
26、pacts C. the exposed ground D. recorded history E. a very long time F. previously published studies 27 Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in_. 28 Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach_. 29 Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing _. 30 After fossil fuels are u
27、sed up, global warming will continue for_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Approaches to Understanding Intelligences It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way. You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is
28、 different. Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities. Psychologists have two different views on intelligence. Some believe there is one general intelligence. Others believe there are many different intelligences. Some psychologists say there is one
29、 type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests. These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests. They do well on tests using words, numbers, or pictures. They do well on individual or
30、group tests, and written or oral tests. Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests. Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence. The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving. The brain waves of people with higher intel
31、ligence show a quicker reaction. Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain. Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children. He believes that all childr
32、en are different and shouldn t be tested by one intelligence test. Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesn t think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling. He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences. These intelligences allow us
33、to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life. Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences. Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences. Gardner says that his theory is based on biology. For example, when
34、 one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work. People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing. So, there is not just one intelligence to lose. Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, i
35、ntrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的 ), and naturalistic. 31 What is the main idea of this passage? （ A） How to understand intelligence. （ B） The importance of intelligence. （ C） The development of intelligence tests. （ D） How to become intelligent. 32 Which of the following statements is true conce
36、rning general intelligence? （ A） Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests. （ B） People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests. （ C） Intelligent people do not do well on group tests. （ D） Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests. 3
37、3 Gardner believes that_. （ A） children have different intelligences （ B） all children are alike （ C） children should take one intelligence test （ D） there is no general intelligence 34 According to Gardner, schools should_ （ A） test students IQs （ B） train students who do poorly on tests （ C） focus
38、 on finding the most intelligent students （ D） promote development of all intelligences 35 Gardner thinks that his theory has a_ （ A） musical foundation （ B） biological foundation （ C） intrapersonal foundation （ D） linguistic foundation 35 The Mir Space Station The Russian Mir Space Station, which c
39、ame down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history. It can be credited with many firsts in space. During Mirs lifetime, Russia spent about US $4.2 billion to build and maintain the
40、 station. The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to five years, on February 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whom were not Russian. In fact, it became the first international space station by playing host to 162 people from 11
41、countries. From 1995 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each. They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station during nine stopovers by space shuttles. The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits
42、 not only kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations. A debate continues over Mir s contributions to science. During its existence, Mir was the laboratory for 23, 000 exp
43、eriments and carried scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $ 80 million, from many nations. Experiments on Mir are credited with a range of findings, from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium(ft, )atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space. But for those favouring human
44、space exploration, Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars. The longest single stay in space is the 437. 7 days that Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747. 6 days in space in three trips to the
45、space station. The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996. Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir. In 1997, an oxygen generator caught fire. Later, the main computer system broke down, causing the station to dri
46、ft several times and there were power failures. Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, but Mir s reputation as a space station was ruined. Mir s setbacks are nothing, though, when we compare them with its accomplishments. Mir was a tremendous success, which will be r
47、emembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. But it s time to move on to the next generation. The International Space Station being built will be better, but it owes a great debt to Mir. 36 We can learn from the pas
48、sage that the Mir Space Station_. （ A） was designed to last over 5 years （ B） played host to 7 astronauts from different countries （ C） was visited only by Americans （ D） was built by Russians 37 One of the contributions Mir makes to science is that it_. （ A） helps astronauts get close to Mars （ B）
49、enables scientists to develop new scientific equipment （ C） sets a record of the longest single human stay in space （ D） shows that multinational operations in space are less expensive 38 What happened to Mir in 1997? （ A） It ran out of its fund. （ B） Its main computer system broke down. （ C） It was completely damaged by fire. （ D） Its reputation was ruined due to power failures. 39 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_. （ A） space exploration wi
