1、2015年职称英语（卫生类） A级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Different hypotheses have been put forward to explain why UFOs exist. （ A） sentence （ B） comments （ C） conclusions （ D） theories 2 She is a lovely gracious woman. （ A） courteous （ B） curious
2、 （ C） quiet （ D） shy 3 She hugged me like an old friend and invited me to dinner the next day. （ A） embraced （ B） held （ C） kissed （ D） patted. 4 It was unfortunate that she had erased the message. （ A） heard of （ B） looked at （ C） spoken out （ D） rubbed out 5 He never grumbled about working overtim
3、e. （ A） talked （ B） wrote （ C） spoke （ D） complained 6 To start with, we need to decide who will preside over the meeting. （ A） chair （ B） attend （ C） celebrate （ D） prepare 7 I must apologize for my outrageous behavior. （ A） courageous （ B） greedy （ C） angry （ D） glorious 8 I think she made a blund
4、er by announcing it ahead of time. （ A） decision （ B） mistake （ C） promise （ D） plan 9 He came back home, weary and fatigued. （ A） scared （ B） worried （ C） exhausted （ D） frightened 10 I have to apologize for my abrupt departure yesterdav. （ A） late （ B） unfriendly （ C） sudden （ D） unfold 11 He was
5、obsessed with American horror movies. （ A） kept thinking about （ B） took advantage of （ C） paid no attention to （ D） cared nothing about 12 Your accusation is wholly without foundation. （ A） almost （ B） probably （ C） completely （ D） evidently 13 My room is really very cosy. （ A） cool （ B） comfortabl
6、e （ C） cold （ D） clean 14 Some astronomers contend that the universe may be younger than previously believed. （ A） predict （ B） argue （ C） think （ D） suggest 15 The woman living next door is extremely slender. （ A） tall （ B） weak （ C） slim （ D） pale 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短
7、文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 One-third of Parents Lack Facts about Child Development One-third of parents of babies have a surprisingly low knowledge of child development, including basic concepts about what their children should know or how they should
8、 act, a new study finds. For instance, the study found that many parents dont know that 1-year-olds cant tell the difference between right and wrong, and often dont cooperate or share when playing with other children. The results are surprising because the parents who took part in the survey had you
9、ng children , said lead author Dr. Heather Paradis, a pediatric fellow at the University of Rochester Medical Center in New York. “They were watching or had just watched their kids go through this development , and they were probably the most knowledgeable of anybody. “ Paradis and her colleagues ex
10、amined the results of a survey of parents 98. 6 percent of whom were mothers of more than 10,000 9-month-old babies. As part of the survey, the parents were asked 11 questions designed to test their knowledge of a babys development. The researchers also examined what the parents said about their int
11、eractions with their children, and watched videotapes of how the parents taught new things to their kids. One-third of those surveyed incorrectly answered four or more of the questions. Even when the researchers adjusted the statistics to account for such factors as education levels and income, thos
12、e parents were still less likely to enjoy “healthy interactions“ with their children. A lack of proper understanding of a childs development can cause assorted problems, Paradis said. For example, she said, a mother might expect an 18-month-old child to sit still for a doctors appointment, even thou
13、gh children that age are normally curious and like to wander around. “A mom could misinterpret a childs normal curiosity as intentionally being defiant, and could respond with harsh discipline, withdrawal of affection and repetition of that pattern over time,“ Paradis said. “That could hinder the ch
14、ilds potential for full growth and development. “ The findings were to be presented Sunday at the Pediatric Academic Societies meeting in Honolulu. One solution, Paradis said, is for pediatricians to take a more active role in educating new parents. “By improving knowledge of child development among
15、 all parents, not just those who are at highest risk, theres an opportunity to enhance parent-child interaction,“ she said. “It can ultimately lead to belter parenting. “ 16 A majority of parents of babies know little about child development. （ A） Right （ B） wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Babies of one
16、 year old have no sense of right or wrong. （ A） Right （ B） wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The parents surveyed were asked 11 questions on child development. （ A） Right （ B） wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Most American families are nuclear rather than extended ones. （ A） Right （ B） wrong （ C） Not mentioned
17、 20 Most mothers with young children prefer to stay at home. （ A） Right （ B） wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Children of one and a half years old like to sit still. （ A） Right （ B） wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Parent-child interaction can in no way be improved. （ A） Right （ B） wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、
18、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项 。 22 Ebola Outbreak 1 You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are battling an Ebola outbreak. Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Sci
19、entists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals. It is now believed that bats are the primary carries of the virus. 2 To date, there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak: Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. However, other count
20、ries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders. 3 Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries you risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero. Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread thr
21、ough direct contact with an infected person. Specifically, Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable. 4 The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a
22、week of contracting the virus. Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat. 5 Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack
23、 and replicate in every organ of the body. This causes an overstimulation of the bodys inflammatory response, causing the flu-like symptoms. The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the bodys normal clotting mechanism(凝血机制 ), making bleeding even more severe. Loss of blood volume and decreased org
24、an perfusion(器官灌注 )ultimately lead to organ failure and death. 6 The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years. While diseases such as the malaria(疟疾 )are far more communicable, Ebola is one of the worlds most fatal viral infections. Ebolas fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.
25、 A Am I at risk of contracting the virus? B Is the current outbreak the deadliest? C How do know if I have contracted the virus? D What areas are currently affected? E What exactly does Ebola do to the body? F What caused the Ebola outbreak? 23 paragraph 2_ 24 paragraph 3_ 25 paragraph 4_ 26 paragra
26、ph 5_ 26 A infected body fluids B against the outbreak severity C the mode of transmission D the initial days of being infected E three countries in West Africa F within a wide range of days 27 The initial Ebola outbreak was found in_. 28 The difference between SARS and Ebola viruses lies in_. 29 Th
27、e symptoms of the patients after being infected may first appear_. 30 The Ebola virus transmits by contact with_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Ear Breakthrough New research published in the journal Current Biology has added significantly to understanding of
28、how the ear works, giving hope to millions of deaf and hard of hearing people. The latest research, conducted by Dr. Jorg T. Albet, a Deafness Research UK research fellow at the UCL Ear Institute, together with scientists at the University of Cologne, shows that fruit flies have ears which mechanica
29、lly amplify sound signals in a remarkably similar way to the sensory(感觉的 )cells found in the inner ear of vertebrates(脊椎动物 )including humans. The finding means that the wealth of genetic techniques already available to study the fruit fly can now be used to target how the ear works. Dr. Albert says.
30、 “The biophysical parallels between the ways both fruit flies and humans convert sound into nerve signals are truly amazing. We may be allowed to hope that these mechanistic(机械学的 )similarities extend further down to the genes and molecules that bring about hearing. But even if it finally should turn
31、 out that hearing in fruit flies relies on different molecules than does hearing in humans, the little fruit fly can help us find answers to some key questions of hearing research and - what is sometimes even more important -will surely help us ask the right questions. The work is welcomed by Deafne
32、ss Research UK, the countrys only medical research charity for deaf people. Vivienne Michael, chief executive of Deafness Research UK. says, “This is an important advance that paves the way toward a clear understanding of the genetics of deafness. The charity will continue to support culling-edge(尖端
33、的 )research through its Fellowship programme at the UCI. Ear institute and at other top research centres in the UK to achieve our goal of securing audial improvements in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of all forms of hearing impairment. “ There are nine million deaf and hard of hearing peop
34、le in the UK and in most cases deafness results from loss of sensory cells in the inner ear known as “hair“ cells. The cells can be damaged and lost through ageing, noise, genetic defects and certain drugs and, because the cells dont regenerate , the result is progressive and irreversible hearing lo
35、ss . Damage to these cells can also lead to tinnitus(耳鸣 ),which affects around five million people in the UK. 31 A person who is hard of hearing is_. （ A） not able to hear properly （ B） totally deaf form birth （ C） unwilling to listen to others （ D） ignorant of how the ear works 32 Quite a number of
36、 genetic techniques have been used_. （ A） to target how the ear works （ B） to study the fruit fly （ C） to stimulate sensory cells （ D） to amplify sound signals 33 Fruit files and humans share similarities in how they_. （ A） ask and answer questions （ B） pass on their genes （ C） reproduce （ D） conver
37、t sound into nerve signals 34 Vivienne Michael from Deafness Research UK highly appreciates_. （ A） the genetics of deafness （ B） the charitys Fellowship programme （ C） improvements in treating hearing impairment （ D） the latest research conducted by Dr. Albert 35 Hearing loss caused by damage to the
38、 sensory cells_. （ A） can affect five million people in the UK （ B） can be progressively repaired （ C） cannot be cured （ D） cannot lead to tinnitus 35 Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university, reveals a major
39、new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital. The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS)The study involved 1. 2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research g
40、roup analyzed the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army. The study shows a clear link between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for logical thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only
41、fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test,and not strength. “Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen,“ says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospita
42、l. “ This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular strength . We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important. “ By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been able to determine that it is primarily environmental factors an
43、d not genes that explain the link between fitness and higher IQ. We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,“ says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre
44、. “This being the case, physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects. “ The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service with the socio-economic s
45、tatus of the men later in life. Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs. 36 The researchers in this study come from_. （ A） Aby health centre （ B） the Swedish army （ C） the National Academy of Sciences （ D） a Swedish university and i
46、ts affiliated hospital 37 Which of the following is an implication of physical fitness ? （ A） Brain size. （ B） Good logical capacity. （ C） Clear logical thinking. （ D） Muscular strength. 38 By enhancing physical fitness, one could improves the following EXCEPT_. （ A） cognitive performance （ B） heart
47、 capacity （ C） verbal comprehension （ D） emotional behavior 39 The study findings include the following EXCEPT that_. （ A） growth factors are significant for a persons IQ （ B） young adults who are fit get higher scores in IQ tests （ C） youngsters who are fit will more likely get college education （
48、D） young people who are muscular and strong have a higher IQ 40 The word “ secured “ in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to_. （ A） insured （ B） assured （ C） obtained （ D） studied 40 15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety Disorder Social anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Amer
49、icans from leading normal social and romantic lives, a new survey finds. The disorder leaves many isolated, ashamed and often misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more before seeking help, the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports. “Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense, persistent and irrational fear of social or performance situations
