1、2015年职称英语（理工类） A级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. （ A） control （ B） observe （ C） regulate （ D） accept 2 She showed a natural aptitude for the work. （ A） sense （ B） talent （ C） flavor （
2、D） taste 3 Most people find rejection hard to accept. （ A） excuse （ B） client （ C） destiny （ D） refusal 4 The organization was bold enough to face the press. （ A） pleased （ B） powerful （ C） brave （ D） sensible 5 They were locked in mortal combat. （ A） deadly （ B） open （ C） actual （ D） active 6 We we
3、re attracted by the lure of quick money. （ A） amount （ B） supply （ C） sum （ D） tempt 7 The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent. （ A） clear （ B） necessary （ C） special （ D） correct 8 The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling. （ A） service （ B） danger （ C）
4、 disorder （ D） threat 9 He believes that Europe must change or it will perish. （ A） survive （ B） last （ C） die （ D） move 10 There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building. （ A） fair （ B） full （ C） coexisting （ D） public 11 They promote assimilation of ethnic group into the main-str
5、eams culture. （ A） policy （ B） value （ C） equality （ D） integration 12 A salesmans cardinal rule is to satisfy customers. （ A） principal （ B） official （ C） simple （ D） legal 13 I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situation. （ A） silence （ B） praise （ C） assure （ D） complain 14
6、 We live for years in a perpetual state of fear. （ A） emotional （ B） nervous （ C） terrible （ D） continuous 15 The starving children were a pathetic sight. （ A） common （ B） unexpected （ C） unforgettable （ D） pitiful 二 、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如
7、果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Lack of Oxygen Delayed the Rise of Animals on Earth Scientists have long speculated as to why animal species didnt flourish sooner, once sufficient oxygen covered the Earths surface. Animals began to prosper at the end of the Proterozoic period, about 800 mi
8、llion years ago but what about the billion-year stretch before that, when most researchers think there also was plenty of oxygen? Well, it seems the air wasnt so great then, after all. In a study published Oct. 31 in Science, Yale researcher Noah Planavsky and his colleagues found that oxygen levels
9、 during the “boring billion“ period were only 0. 1% of what they are today. In other words, Earths atmosphere couldnt have supported a diversity of creatures, no matter what genetic advancements were poised to occur. “There is no question that genetic and ecological innovation must ultimately be beh
10、ind the rise of animals, but it is equally unavoidable that animals need a certain level of oxygen,“ said Planavsky, co-lead author of the research along with Christopher Reinhard of the Georgia Institute of Technology. “Were providing the first evidence that oxygen levels were low enough during thi
11、s period to potentially prevent the rise of animals. “ The scientists found their evidence by analyzing chromium (Cr) isotopes in ancient sediments from China, Australia, Canada, and the United States. Chromium is found in the Earths continental crust, and chromium oxidation is directly linked to th
12、e presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere. Specifically, the team studied samples deposited in shallow, iron-rich ocean areas, near the shore. They compared their data with other samples taken from younger locales known to have higher levels of oxygen. Oxygens role in controlling the first appeara
13、nce of animals has long vexed scientists. “ We were missing the right approach until now,“ Planavsky said. “Chromium gave us the proxy. “ Previous estimates put the oxygen level at 40% of todays conditions during pre-animal times, leaving open the possibility that oxygen was already plentiful enough
14、 to support animal life. In the new study, the researchers acknowledged that oxygen levels were “highly dynamic“ in the early atmosphere, with the potential for occasional spikes. However, they said, “It seems clear that there is a first-order difference in the nature of Earth surface Cr cycling“ be
15、fore and after the rise of animals. “ If we are right, our results will really change how people view the origins of animals and other complex life, and their relationships to the co-evolving environment,“ said co-author Tim Lyons of the University of California-Riverside. “This could be a game chan
16、ger. “ “Theres a lot of interest right now in a broader discussion surrounding the role that environmental, stability played in the evolution of complex life, and we think our results are a significant contribution to that,“ Reinhard said. 16 The study discovered the rise of animals occurred earlier
17、 than the Proterozoic period. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Many researchers believe the oxygen level was high during pre-animal times. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The team was funded by several research institutes. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Genetic ad
18、vancements triggered the rise of animals. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The samples studied in the research were collected in ocean areas. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The study revealed that chromium found in Earths continental crust remained stable before and after the
19、 rise of animals. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Tim Lyons liked to play computer games in his spare time. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项 测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Fir
20、st Image-recognition Software 1.Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far greater accuracy than ever before. 2.The new system, which was tested on photos and is now being applied to videos
21、, shows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm (运算法则 ) for image recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficient enough to improve large-scale document searches online. The system uses pixel (像素 ) datain images and potentially video rather than just text to locate documents. It lea
22、rns to recognize the pixels associated with a search phrase by studying the results from text-based image search engines. The knowledge gleaned (收集 ) from those results can men be applied to other photos without tags or captions (图片说明 ), making for more accurate document search results. 3.“Over the
23、last 30 years,“ says Associate Professor Lorenzo Torresani, a co-author of the stud-y,“ the Web has evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growing multimedia data set, where nearly every page includes multiple pictures or videos. When a person looks at a
24、Web page, he immediately gets the gist (主旨 ) of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet, surprisingly, all existing popular search engines, such as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained in the photos and use exclusively the text of Web pages to perform the document retrieval. Our stu
25、dy is the first to show that modern machine vision systems are accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the information contained in image pixels to improve document search. “ 4.The researchers designed and tested a machine vision system a type of artificial intelligence that allows co
26、mputers to learn without being explicitly programmed that extracts semantic (语义的 ) information from the pixels of photos in Web pages. This information is used to enrich the description of the HTML page used by search engines for document retrieval. The researchers tested their approach using more t
27、han 600 search queries (查询 )on a database of 50 million Web pages. They selected the text-retrieval search engine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additional semantic information extracted by their method from the pictures of the Web pages. They found that this produced a
28、 30 percent improvement in precision over the original search engine purely based on text. A.Function of the new system B.Improvement in document retrieval C.Publication of the new discovery D.Problems of the existing search engines E.Popularity of the new system F.Artificial intelligence software c
29、reated 23 Paragraph 1_ 24 Paragraph 2_ 25 Paragraph 3_ 26 Paragraph 4_ 26 A.using photos B.description of the HTML page C.current popular search engines D.document search E.information in images F.machine vision systems 27 The new system does document retrieval by_. 28 The new system is expected to
30、improve precision in_. 29 When performing document retrieval the existing search engines ignore_. 30 The new system was found more effective in document search than the_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-Flu If a super-flu s
31、trikes, face masks may not protect you. Whether widespread use of masks will help, or harm during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously. No results have come from their mask research yet. However, the government says people should consider wearing them
32、 certain situations anyway, just in case. But its a question the public keeps asking while the government is making preparations for the next flu pandemic (大流行 ).So the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC) came up with preliminary guidelines.“We dont want people wearing them everywhere,
33、“ said the CDC. “The overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure. “ When that is not possible, the guidelines say you should consider wearing a simple surgical mask if you are in one of the three following situations. First, youre healthy and cant avoid going to a crowded place. Second, youre
34、 sick and think you may have close contact with the healthy, such as a family member checking on you. Third, you live with someone whos sick and thus might be in the early stages of infection, but still need to go out. Influenza pandemics can strike when the easy-to-mutate (变异 ) virus shifts to a st
35、rain(菌株 )that people never have experienced. Scientists cannot predict when the next pandemic will arrive , although concern is rising that the Asian bird flu might trigger one if it starts spreading easily from person to person. During the flu pandemic, you should protect yourself. Avoid crowds, an
36、d avoid close contact with the sick unless you must care for someone. Why arent masks added to this self-protection list? Because they can help trap virus-laden droplets flying through the air with a cough or sneeze. Simple surgical masks only filter the larger droplets. Besides, the CDC is afraid m
37、asks may create a false sense of security. Perhaps someone who should have stayed home would don(戴 )an ill-fitting mask and hop on the subway instead. Nor does flu only spread through the air. Say someone covers a sneeze with his or her hand,then touches a doorknob or subway pole. If you touch that
38、spot next and then put genny hands on your nose or mouth, youve been exposed. Its harder to rub your nose while wearing a mask, so your face may get pretty sweaty under masks. You reach under to wipe that sweat, and may transfer germs caught on the outside of the mask straight to the nose. These are
39、 the problems face masks may create for their users. Whether people should or should not use face masks still remains a question. The general public has to wait patiently for the results of the mask research scientists are still doing. 31 What is the passage mainly about? （ A） Widespread use of face
40、 masks. （ B） Possibility of a worldwide flu outbreak. （ C） New discoveries of a face mask research. （ D） Effectiveness of wearing face masks 32 The CDC suggests that people_. （ A） stay alone when being sick （ B） wear face masks when going to a crowded place （ C） wear face masks wherever possible （ D
41、） remain at home if living with someone whos sick 33 The word “ that“ in Paragraph 3 refers to_. （ A） making preparations （ B） avoiding exposure （ C） coming up with guidelines （ D） wearing face masks everywhere 34 Which of the following statements is true? （ A） Scientists warn the next flu is coming
42、 soon. （ B） Asian bird flu is spreading easily from person to person. （ C） Masks protect people because they keep viruses away. （ D） Masks are not effective if a flu strikes. 35 One of the concerns the CDC has is that_. （ A） masks may give people a wrong assumption of being safe （ B） the sick may no
43、t wear masks and go out （ C） flu virus may spread via public transportation （ D） healthy people may not know how to protect themselves 35 Whats Killing the Bats First it was bees. Now it is bats. Biologists in America are working hard to discover the cause of the mysterious deaths of tens of thousan
44、ds of bats in the northeastern part of the country. Most of the bats affected are the common little brown bats ( Myotis lucifugus,) but other species, such as the long-eared bat, the small-footed bat, the eastern pipistrelle, and the Indiana bat have also been affected. In some caves, more than 90 p
45、ercent of the bat populations have died. One possibility is disease. A white fungus (真菌 ) known as fusarium has been found on the noses of both living and dead bats. However, scientists dont know if the fungus is the primary cause of death, a secondary cause of death, or not a cause at all, but the
46、result of some other conditions. Another possible cause is a lack of food. For example, bats typically eat a large number of moths (蛾 ) , and in some states such as New York, the number of moths has been declining in recent years. If bats cant eat enough food, they starve to death. Still other scien
47、tists believe that global warming is to blame. Warmer temperatures in recent years have been waking up hibernating (冬眠 ) bats earlier than usual. If bats break their hibernation at the wrong time, they might not find their expected food sources. The weather might also turn cold again and weaken or k
48、ill the bats. Scientists might not agree on the causes of the bat die-off but they do agree on the consequences. Bats are an important predator of mosquitoes:a single brown bat can eat 1,000 or more insects in an hour. They also eat beetles and other insects that damage plant crops. If there arent e
49、nough bats, damage will be great from the insects they eat. While bats live a long time for their size the litde brown bat can live for more than 30 years a female bat has only one baby per year, so bat populations grow slowly. Many bat species in the United States are already protected or endangered. How can you help? Do not disturb sleeping or nesting bats. If you discover bats that seem to be sick or that are dead, contact your local
