1、2015年职称英语（综合类） A级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. （ A） control （ B） observe （ C） regulate （ D） accept 2 She showed a natural aptitude for the work. （ A） sense （ B） talent （ C） flavour （
2、 D） taste 3 Most people find rejection hard to accept. （ A） excuse （ B） client （ C） refusal （ D） destiny 4 The organization was bold enough to face the press. （ A） pleased （ B） powerful （ C） brave （ D） sensible 5 They were locked in mortal combat. （ A） deadly （ B） open （ C） actual （ D） active 6 We w
3、ere attracted by the lure of quick money. （ A） amount （ B） supply （ C） tempt （ D） sum 7 The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent. （ A） clear （ B） necessary （ C） special （ D） correct 8 The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling. （ A） service （ B） danger （ C
4、） disorder （ D） threat 9 He believes that Europe must change or it will perish. （ A） survive （ B） last （ C） die （ D） move 10 There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building. （ A） fair （ B） full （ C） coexisting （ D） public 11 They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-s
5、tream culture. （ A） policy （ B） value （ C） equality （ D） integration 12 A salesmans cardinal rule is to satisfy customers. （ A） principal （ B） official （ C） simple （ D） legal 13 I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situation. （ A） silence （ B） praise （ C） assure （ D） complain 1
6、4 We lived for years in a perpetual state of fear. （ A） emotional （ B） nervous （ C） terrible （ D） continuous 15 The starving children were a pathetic sight. （ A） common （ B） unexpected （ C） unforgettable （ D） pitiful 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；
7、如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Cities “Worse to Live in Than 20 Years Ago“ One thousand people were surveyed about a range of issues which affect cities, and the re markable findings show that life in todays mega-cities is so stressful that at least two-thirds of those currently living i
8、n big cities would like to relocate to the countryside or a small town. The stress of the getting from A to B in big cities is at the top of the list of problems.For many people, the daily commute to work is a source of frustration.40% of the people in the sur vey have suffered from road rage while
9、stuck in traffic on the way to work.The cost of public transport is also a serious problem.Many people think the price of underground and bus travel is too high and that they have to devote more than 10% of their salary to transport costs. The general cost of living in cities is another problem.The
10、high property prices in most big cities put buying a property out of reach of most first-time buyers.Many young people are priced out of the housing market, and have to take in lodgers to make ends meet, or rent over-priced flats miles away from the city centre.In London, for instance, the price of
11、buying even a one-bedroom flat is so prohibitive that many have given up even considering putting money aside for a deposit. Another issue facing people who live in cities is rising crime.Crime rates have rocketed in many big cities, and many say there are several dangerous no-go areas in their city
12、.Fear of crime is on the increase street crimes, such as mugging and assault, are now very common and many are afraid of going out at night alone. Many were also concerned by the lack of green spaces and play facilities for children.Most major conurbations(有卫星城的大都市 ) surveyed have a far smaller numb
13、er of parks and gar dens than a generation ago.Planning permission seems to have been given for an ever-greater number of supermarkets, office developments and apartments on sites where there were previously green spaces.Many of the respondents in the survey said they felt stressed and suffocated in
14、 the city, a problem which is compounded by pollution. And finally, the majority of people in the survey were fed up with the constant noise pollution the roar of traffic, the sound of loud music blaring (发刺耳声 ) out of a neighbours window, and the constant sound of activity. It is not surprising, th
15、en, that the levels of stress-related illnesses among people who live in cities are higher than ever before.Big cities, once a mecca for ambitious people seeking fame and fortune, are now less and less popular among people of all ages.Perhaps the 21st century is set to be the centuiy of the small to
16、wn and the countryside. 16 Most people in the survey who live in big cities would like to move somewhere smaller. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Many people in the survey think public transport is reasonably priced （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 It is difficult to buy a fla
17、t in London because of the cost. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The crime rate has remained stable in recent years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 There are fewer green areas in cities than there used to be. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 London has had some su
18、ccess in reducing pollution. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Noise pollution is seen as a big problem by most people in the survey. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选
19、项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK“ 1.The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary-school teaching (pupils aged 11 - 16) , and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people w
20、ho want to be teachers.Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who say they would “ seriously consider“ teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today.The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into te
21、aching. 2.The main drawback of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary.Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs, and this means that fewer and fewer young people decide to be teachers.Joanne Manners, 24 is a good example;“I graduated in maths last year, and
22、I was thinking of doing a teacher training course to become a maths teacher, but when I looked into the details, it became clear that teaching isnt a very lucrative (赚钱的 ) job these days. I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, and so I decided not to become a teach
23、er.“ 3.Its not just about the money, however.The survey concluded that another reason why people dont want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school.A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as i
24、n the past.Heres the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London:“ I think parents are to blame.They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.“ 4.“I love teaching; its my passion.Ive been a secondary-school teacher of S
25、panish for ten years now, and although its a very demanding job, its very satisfying.When I see my students passing their Spanish exams, or singing along to Spanish pop songs,It makes me feel so proud.“ Says Brian Jones, who works in a secondary school in London.So what does he think the government
26、should do to encourage more people to become teachers? “My view is that the government should reduce the burden of work on teachers. I find that I always have too much work to do.“ 5.The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one.It says that the government should rai
27、se teachers pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions.It also suggests that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.Another solution could be set a
28、 maximum number of hours per week that teachers can work, in order to reduce stress on teachers.“Hopefully,“the report concludes, “these solutions can improve the poor image of secondary teaching, and increase the number of young people who want to become teachers in the future.“ A.Students bad beha
29、vior and lack of discipline B.Improvement of children behavior C.Heavy workload on teachers D.The problem of low salary E.A report on teacher shortage F.A nationwide publicity campaign 23 Paragraph 1_ 24 Paragraph 2_ 25 Paragraph 3_ 26 Paragraph 4_ 26 A.discipline problems B.Their childhood memories
30、 C.their stress D.more training E.because of its low pay F.Its benefits 27 More and more young people are held back from teaching_. 28 Parents are encouraged to back the teacher up when there are_. 29 The government should reduce the workload on teachers to ease_. 30 The government should promote te
31、aching as a career by advertising_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Is There a Way to Keep the Britains Economy Growing In todays knowledge economy, nations survive on the things they do best.The Japanese design electronics while Germens export engineering tech
32、niques.The French serve the best food and Americans make computers. Britain specializes in the gift of talking.The nation doesnt manufacture much of anything.But it has lawyers, stylists and business consultants who earn their living from talk, talk and more talk.The World Foundation think tank says
33、 the UKs four iconic (标志性的 ) jobs today are not scientists, engineers, teachers and nurses.Instead, theyre hairdressers, celebrities, management consultants and managers.But can all this talking keep the British economy going? The British government thinks it can. Although the countrys trade deficit
34、 was more than 60 billion in 2006, UKs largest in the postwar period, officials say the country has nothing to worry about.In fact, Britain does have a world-class pharmaceutical (制药的 ) industry, and it still makes a small sum from selling arms abroad.It also trades services accountancy, insurance,
35、banking and advertising.The government believes Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy.After all, the country of Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a literary tradition of which to be proud.Rock“n“ roll is an English language medium, and there are billions to be made by their cutting-ed
36、ge bands.In other words, the creative economy has plenty of strength to carry the British economy. However, creative industries account for only about 4 percent of UKs exports of goods and services.The industries are finding it hard to make a profit, according to a report of the National Endowment f
37、or Science, Technology and the Arts.The report shows only 38 percent of British companies were engaged in “innovation activities“ , 3 percentage points below the EU average and well below Germany (61 percent) and Sweden (47 percent). In fact, it might be better to call Britain a“servant“ economy the
38、re are at least 4 million people“ in service“.The majority of the population are employed by the rich to cook, clean, and take care of their children.Many graduates are even doing menial jobs for which they do not need a degree.Most employment growth has been, and will continue to be, at the low-ski
39、ll end of the service sector in shops, bars, hotels, domestic service and in nursing and care homes. 31 According to the World Foundation think tank, one of the iconic jobs in Britain today is （ A） law makers （ B） home servants （ C） business consultants （ D） school teachers 32 The phrase“ the cuttin
40、g edge“ in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to_. （ A） the most popular （ B） the most political （ C） the proudest （ D） the most advanced 33 The officials are not worried about the trade deficit in 2006, because they believe_. （ A） Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy （ B） the lite
41、rary tradition of Britain will help make billions of pounds （ C） Britain is home to the largest pharmaceutical industry in the world （ D） the world economy is strong enough to cany the Britain economy 34 Which of the following is true about the creative industries in Britain? （ A） They contribute a
42、lot to the countrys trade deficit. （ B） They make Britain on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy. （ C） They cant make a profit out of their innovation activities. （ D） They are not doing as well as those in other European nations. 35 It can be inferred from the passage that_. （ A） the gift of
43、talking can keep the British economy growing （ B） the British economy is the least innovative one in the EU （ C） the British government is over-confident in its economy （ D） being a servant to the rich is one of the best jobs in Britain 35 The Sandwich Generation Today people often look forward to t
44、heir middle age as a time when they will be able to take things easier.After their children are grown, they expect to enjoy the life they have worked hard to create.However, the reality is often very different.In middle age, many people discover that they have two ongoing responsibilities: one is to
45、 look after their aging parents, and the other is to help their young adult children deal with the pressures of life.Around the world, there are millions of people who are “sandwiched“ in between the older and the younger generations.Sometimes there may be two or three generations living in the same
46、 household a situation that is common in many Asian countries and in some parts of Europe.In other cases, a couple may be taking care of parents and children, but they do not live with them. There are two important reasons for the rise of the sandwich generation.First, people are living longer than
47、they used to.In the early nineteenth century, the average life expectancy for adults in the United States, for example, was about 40, whereas today people live to an average age of 75.Therefore, children are taking care of their parents over a longer period of time.The second reason is that these da
48、ys, young adults often live with their parents for a longer time than they did in the past.This is often for financial reasons.Its also more common for todays young adults to return home during or after college if they need financial or emotional support. Young adults feel sandwiched between their f
49、inancial responsibilities and their desire to enjoy life.They may have to cover expenses that their parents cannot.They may have to manage their parents financial and legal affairs.They may have to prepare for their parents future needs, such as special medical care or a move to a nursing home.This can be a traumatic (长期困扰的 ) experience for everyone. Caring for adult children presents challenges as well, and caregivers have to resolve important questions:
