1、2015年职称英语（综合类） B级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The organization was bold enough to face the press. （ A） pleased （ B） powerful （ C） brave （ D） sensible 2 I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. （ A） accept （ B） control （ C）
2、 observe （ D） regulate 3 I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. （ A） limit （ B） fear （ C） power （ D） fool 4 Most people find rejection hard to accept. （ A） excuse （ B） client （ C） destiny （ D） refusal 5 Shes extremely competent and industrious. （ A） hardworking （ B） honest （ C） ob
3、jective （ D） independent 6 The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. （ A） hide （ B） handle （ C） disclose （ D） establish 7 He tried to assemble his thoughts. （ A） clear （ B） share （ C） gather （ D） spare 8 The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. （ A） message （ B） punishment （ C） g
4、uilt （ D） obligation 9 Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. （ A） flexible （ B） terrible （ C） reasonable （ D） serious 10 These products are inferior to those we brought last year. （ A） poorer than （ B） narrower than （ C） larger than （ D） richer than 11 The political situation in the
5、region has deteriorated rapidly. （ A） improved （ B） changed （ C） worsened （ D） developed 12 There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building. （ A） coexisting （ B） fair （ C） full （ D） pubic 13 Theyre petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport. （ A） requesti
6、ng （ B） planning （ C） preparing （ D） looking 14 He said some harsh words about his brother. （ A） unkind （ B） proper （ C） normal （ D） unclear 15 We were attracted by the lure of quick money. （ A） amount （ B） supply （ C） sum （ D） tempt 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果
7、该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Living History at Jamestown Settlement A woman in Native American clothes is sitting in the sun, sewing a dress from skin.Inside a building, a colonist is making a wooden chair, using very simple tools.And all around, tourists are taking pi
8、ctures with their digital(数码的 ) cameras.This is Jamestown settlement today. Jamestown, Virginia, was one of the first place in the world where people form Europe, A-merican, and Africa came together in 1608.Today, it is a living history museum, where children and adults come to experience history.In
9、 a living history museum, actors wear clothes and adults form the past and demonstrate many of the activities of daily life back then.The actors also talk to the visitors and explain everything they do. At a living history museum, there are always many things to touch, hear, and smell.Visitors at Ja
10、mestown setdement can walk through copies of the three small sailing ships that carried colonists to Virginia and even lie down in a colonists bed! The colonists stayed on the crowed, dangerous ships for more than four months.When they got to Virginia, they built an area of houses with a high wall a
11、round it.In todays fort(堡垒 ) ,you can see houses, a church, and even a garden with foods that the colonists ate.Women in long dresses work inside their homes, and visitors can help them with their sewing and cooking. There is also an Indian Village at Jamestown settlement, and it looks very differen
12、t from the fort.It shows how the Indians lived in long houses and grew corn and other crops in large fields.Actors there make pottery(陶器 )and teach visitors how to play Indian games.You can even help them make an India boat from a tree! Today, the living history museum of Jamestown is very popular,
13、especially with children and families.People come here to have fun, but also to learn.Many school classes visit to experience old ways of getting things done.A living history museum is the best way to understand how people lived in the past. 16 Tourists like to take pictures in Jamestown Settlement
14、today. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 In Jamestown, people form three different cultures came together in 160 （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 At a living history museum, visitors cannot touch any of the things on display. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The first
15、 colonists to Jamestown were from England （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The actors working at the museum explain what they do to the visitors. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 In Jamestown, visitors can walk through the real ships the colonists used （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C
16、） Not mentioned 22 Children and families enjoy play Indian games. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK“ 1.Th
17、e UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary-school teaching (pupils aged 11 -16) , and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers.Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who say they wo
18、uld “ seriously consider“ teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today.The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching. 2.The main drawback of secondary teaching, according to the report, is
19、the low salary.Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs, and this means that fewer and fewer young people decide to be teachers.Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example.“ I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher training course to become a maths teacher b
20、ut when I looked into the details, it became clear that teaching isnt a very lucrative (赚钱的 ) job these days.I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, and so I decided not to become a teacher.“ 3.Its not just about the money, however.The survey concluded that another
21、reason why people dont want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school.A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past.Heres the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: “ I think
22、parents are to blame.They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.“ 4.“I love teaching; its my passion.Ive been a secondary-school teacher of Spanish for ten years now, and although its a very demanding job, its very sati
23、sfying.When I see my students passing their Spanish exams, or singing along to Spanish pop songs, it makes me feel so proud.“ Says Brian Jones, who works in a secondary school in London.So what does he think the government should do to encourage more people to become teachers?“ “My view is that the
24、government should reduce the burden of work on teachers.I find that I always have too much work to do.“. 5.The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one.It says that the government should raise teachers pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions
25、.It also suggests that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.Another solution could be set a maximum number of hours per week that teachers can work, in order to reduce
26、 stress on teachers.“ Hopefully,“ the report concludes, “ these solutions can improve the poor image of secondary teaching, and increase the number of young people who want to become teachers in the future. A.Students bad behavior and lack of discipline B.Improvement of children behavior C.Heavy wor
27、kload on teachers D.The problem of low salary E.A report on teacher shortage F.A nationwide publicity campaign 23 Paragraph 1_ 24 Paragraph 2_ 25 Paragraph 3_ 26 Paragraph 4_ 26 A.its benefits B.their childhood memories C.their stress D.more training E.discipline problems F.because of its low pay 27
28、 More and more young people are held back from teaching_. 28 Parents are encouraged to back the teacher up when there are_. 29 The government should reduce the workload on teachers to ease_. 30 The government should promote teaching as a career by advertising_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇
29、短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee? When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, theyre usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker.Is it good for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the he
30、alth of the human population in other ways, too. Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy(树冠 )of taller indigenous(土生土长的 ) trees.However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees.At first, this increases production because more coffee
31、 bushes can be planted if there arent any trees. With increased production come increased profits. Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local wildlife habitat.Native birds nest and hide from predators(捕食者 ) in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there. Furthermo
32、re, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die.The chemicals kill or sicke
33、n other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink. Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as “shade grown“ and “bird friendly.“ Sure,
34、 these varieties might cost a little more. But were paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think its worth it. 31 What is the main idea of this passage? （ A） Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee. （ B） Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce. （ C） Sha
35、de-grown coffee is more expensive than sun-grown coffee. （ D） People should buy shade-grown coffee. 32 The function of the word “Traditionally“-tn Paragraph 2 is to show_. （ A） the positive effects of coffee （ B） a change of coffee growth （ C） something that is the most important （ D） how coffee pro
36、duction used to be 33 What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about? （ A） More insects. （ B） Better quality coffee. （ C） Larger farms. （ D） Higher profits. 34 How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee? （ A） They buy more land from other farmers. （ B） They cut down tre
37、es. （ C） They move to another country. （ D） They turn grassland into farmland 35 The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT_. （ A） insects （ B） air （ C） birds （ D） humans 35 Washoe Learned American Sign Language An animal that influenced scientific thought has died.A chimpanzee named Washoe
38、 and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the A-merican state of Washington.Washoe had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language.She was said to be the first non-human to learn
39、 a human language.Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language. Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966.In 1969, the Gardeners described Washoes progress in a scientific report.The people who experimented with
40、 Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words.For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat.She could request foods like apples and bananas.She also asked questions like, “Who is coming to play?“ Once the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies
41、of their own into this new and exciting area of research.The whole direction of primate research changed. However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers.They said she had never developed true language skills.Even now, there are some researche
42、rs who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes.Yet Washoes keepers disagree.Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardeners.He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington.There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimp
43、anzees, which are still alive. Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoe provided new information a-bout the mental workings of chimpanzees.Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps.Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very
44、long time. Debate continues about chimps understanding of human communication.Yet, one thing is sure Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence. 36 The Gardeners experiment with Washoe_. （ A） began in 1969 （ B） won a big prize （ C） lasted three years （ D） influenced
45、primate research 37 The second paragraph mainly discusses_. （ A） a report about Washoes progress in learning sign language （ B） the whole direction of primate research （ C） new primate researches conducted by many language scientists （ D） an experiment with Washoe at a research center in Africa 38 T
46、he Gardeners experiment with Washoe was criticized because_. （ A） just ask some simple questions （ B） only copy teachers sign language （ C） only memorize about 250 words （ D） just repeat short sentences 39 According to the passage, which of the following is true? （ A） Roger Fouts taught sign languag
47、e to three younger chimpanzees. （ B） Washoe was the first chimp to use American Sign Language. （ C） A chimpanzee died of natural causes in Africa at a research center. （ D） Nowadays there are still lots of scientists experimenting with chimpanzees. 40 We can draw a conclusion from the last paragraph
48、 that_. （ A） whether chimps can learn a human language remains unanswerable （ B） primate have the ability to speak a language （ C） animals cannot learn a human sign （ D） Washoe is as intelligent as humans 40 Moderate Earthquake Strikes England A moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England
49、on 28 April 2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds.Several thousand people were left without power in Kent County. One woman suffered minor head and neck injuries. “ It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride,“ said the woman. The British Geological Survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake struck at 8:19 a.m.and was centered under the English Channel, about 8.5 miles south of Dove
