1、2016年 6月大学英语六级真题试卷（一）及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on living in the virtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in the virtual world instead of interacting in the real world. You are required
2、to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Section A （ A） Project organizer. （ B） Public relations officer. （ C） Marketing manager. （ D） Market research consultant. （ A） Quantitative advertising research. （ B） Questionnaire design. （ C） Research methodology. （ D） Interviewer training. （
3、 A） They are intensive studies of peoples spending habits. （ B） They examine relations between producers and customers. （ C） They look for new and effective ways to promote products. （ D） They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period. （ A） The lack of promotion opportunity. （ B） Chec
4、king charts and tables. （ C） Designing questionnaires. （ D） The persistent intensity. （ A） His view on Canadian universities. （ B） His understanding of higher education. （ C） His suggestions for improvements in higher education. （ D） His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities. （ A） It
5、is well designed. （ B） It is rather inflexible. （ C） It varies among universities. （ D） It has undergone great changes. （ A） The United States and Canada can learn from each other. （ B） Public universities are often superior to private universities. （ C） Everyone should be given equal access to high
6、er education. （ D） Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions. （ A） University systems vary from country to country. （ B） Efficiency is essential to university management. （ C） It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one. （ D） Many private universities
7、 in the US are actually large bureaucracies. Section B （ A） Governments role in resolving an economic crisis. （ B） The worsening real wage situation around the world. （ C） Indications of economic recovery in the United States. （ D） The impact of the current economic crisis on peoples life. （ A） They
8、 will feel less pressure to raise employees wages. （ B） They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees. （ C） They will feel inclined to expand their business operations. （ D） They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals. （ A） Employees and companies cooperate to pull throu
9、gh the economic crisis. （ B） Government and companies join hands to create jobs for the unemployed. （ C） Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs. （ D） Team work will be encouraged in companies. （ A） Whether memory supplements work. （ B） Whether herbal medicine works wonders. （ C） Whether exerc
10、ise enhances ones memory. （ D） Whether a magic memory promises success. （ A） They help the elderly more than the young. （ B） They are beneficial in one way or another. （ C） They generally do not have side effects. （ D） They are not based on real science. （ A） They are available at most country fairs
11、. （ B） They are taken in relatively high dosage. （ C） They are collected or grown by farmers. （ D） They are prescribed by trained practitioners. （ A） They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise. （ B） Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks. （ C） Their e
12、ffect lasts only a short time. （ D） Many have benefited from them. Section C （ A） How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations. （ B） How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters. （ C） How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters. （
13、D） How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced. （ A） By training rescue teams for emergencies. （ B） By taking steps to prepare people for them. （ C） By changing peoples views of nature. （ D） By relocating people to safer places. （ A） How preventive action can reduce the loss of life
14、. （ B） How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters. （ C） How Cubans suffer from tropical storms. （ D） How destructive tropical storms can be. （ A） Pay back their loans to the American government. （ B） Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty. （ C） Contribute more to the goal of a wid
15、er recovery. （ D） Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble. （ A） Some banks may have to merge with others. （ B） Many smaller regional banks are going to fail. （ C） It will be hard for banks to provide more loans. （ D） Many banks will have to lay off some employees. （ A） It will work closely w
16、ith the government. （ B） It will endeavor to write off bad loans. （ C） It will try to lower the interest rate. （ D） It will try to provide more loans. （ A） It wont help the American economy to turn around. （ B） It wont do any good to the major commercial banks. （ C） It will win the approval of the O
17、bama administration. （ D） It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again. （ A） Being unable to learn new things. （ B） Being rather slow to make changes. （ C） Losing temper more and more often. （ D） Losing the ability to get on with others. （ A） Cognitive stimulation. （ B） Community activ
18、ity. （ C） Balanced diet. （ D） Fresh air. （ A） Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging. （ B） Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life. （ C） Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles. （ D） Seeking advice from doctors from time to time. Section A 26 Pursuing a career is an essential part of adol
19、escent development. “The adolescent becomes an adult when he【 C1】 _a real job. “ To cognitive researchers like Piaget, adulthood meant the beginning of an【 C2】 _. Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work, their newly acquired ability to form hypotheses allows them to create repres
20、entations that are too ideal. The【 C3】 _of such ideals, without the tempering of the reality of a job or profession, rapidly leads adolescents to become【 C4】 _of the non-idealistic world and to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent way. Piaget said:“ True adaptation to society comes【 C
21、5】 _when the adolescent reformer attempts to put his ideas to work. “ Of course, youthful idealism is often courageous, and no one likes to give up dreams. Perhaps, taken【 C6】 _out of context, Piagets statement seems harsh. What he was【 C7】 _, however, is the way reality can modify idealistic views.
22、 Some people refer to such modification as maturity. Piaget argued that attaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways to modify idealized views and to mature. As careers and vocations become less available during times of【 C8】 _, adolescents may be especially hard hit. Such difficult ec
23、onomic times may leave many adolescents【 C9】 _about their roles in society. For this reason, community interventions and government job programs that offer summer and vacation work are not only economically【 C10】 _but also help to stimulate the adolescents sense of worth. A)automatically I)incidenta
24、lly B)beneficial J)intolerant C)capturing K)occupation D)confused L)promises E)emphasizing M)recession F)entrance N)slightly G)excited O)undertakes H)existence 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Can societies be rich and green? A“I
25、f our economies are to flourish, if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the worlds people enhanced not just in this generation but in succeeding generations we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends. “ That
26、statement comes not, as you might imagine, from a stereotypical tree-hugging, save-the-world greenie(环保主义者 ), but from Gordon Brown, a politician with a reputation for rigour, thoroughness and above all, caution. BA surprising thing for the man who runs one of the worlds most powerful economies to s
27、ay? Perhaps: though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium(千年的 )Goals, he is far from alone. The roots of his speech, given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations, stretch back to 1972, and the United Nations Conference o
28、n the Human Environment in Stockholm. C“The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world,“ read the final declaration from this gathering, the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio
29、 de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago. DHunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups many for conferences such as this years Millennium Goals review and you will find that the linkage between environmental protect
30、ion and economic progress is a common thread. EManaging ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy. Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic, some indicat
31、or which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two. FIf such an indicator exists, it is well hidden. And on reflection, this is not surprising: the single word “environment“ has so many dimensions, and there are so many other fa
32、ctors affecting wealth such as the oil deposits that teasing out a simple economyenvironment relationship would be almost impossible. GThe Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year, found reasons to believe that managing e
33、cosystems sustainably working with nature rather than against might be less profitable in the short term, but certainly brings long-term rewards. HAnd the World Resources Institute(WRI)in its World Resources 2005 report, issued at the end of August, produced several such examples from Africa and Asi
34、a: it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich, as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them. IBut there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment, in rich and p
35、oor parts of the world alike, whether through unregulated mineral extractions, drastic water use for agriculture, slash-and-burn farming, or fossil-fuel-guzzling(大量消耗 )transport. Of course, such growth may not persist in the long term which is what Mr. Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both a
36、ttempting to point out. Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery. For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod(鳕鱼 )provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40,000 people, sustaining entire communities in Newfou
37、ndland. Then, abruptly, the cod population collapsed. There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself, let alone an industry. More than a decade later, there was no sign of the ecosystem re-building itself. It had, apparently, been fished out of existence: and the once m
38、ighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor. JThere is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seeds of a global Grand Banks-style disaster. The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planets environmental bank balance than it c
39、an sustain: we are living beyond our ecological means. One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this “ ecological overshoot of the human economy“ , and found that we are using 1. 2 Earths-worth of environmental goods and services the implication being that at some point the debt will be
40、 called in, and all those services the things which the planet does for us for free will grind to a halt. KWhether this is right, and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall, is hard to determine with any precision which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to b
41、ring such risks into their economic calculations. It is also the reason why development agencies are not united in their view of environmental issues: while some, like the WRI, maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development, others argue that the priority is
42、to build a thriving economy, and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation. LThis view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care. But is this right? Do things get better or worse as we get richer. Here the Stockholm declaration is ambiguous. “ In the develop
43、ing countries,“ it says, “ most of the environmental problems are caused by underdevelopment. “ So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world? Not necessarily. “ In the industrialised countries, environmental problems are generally related to industrialisation and technol
44、ogical development,“ it continues. In other words, poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world, but for different reasons. Its simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner. MClearly, richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyon
45、d the reach of poorer communities. Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks, clean rivers, clean air and poison-free food. They also, however, use far more natural resources fuel, water(all those baths and golf courses)and building materials. NA case can be made that rich nations export env
46、ironmental problems, the most graphic example being climate change. As a countrys wealth grows, so do its greenhouse gas emissions. The figures available will not be completely accurate. Measuring emissions is not a precise science, particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use: not all
47、nations have released up-to-date data, and in any case, emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics. But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible. As countries become richer, they produce more greenhouse gases: and the impact of tho
48、se gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world. OWealth is not, of course, the only factor involved. The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen, but contributes about half as much to climate change. But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions
49、to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels? That question, repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet, is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival. 37 Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress. 38 Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world. 39 It is not necessarily true that eco
