1、2016年职称英语（卫生类） B级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold. （ A） warm （ B） severe （ C） hard （ D） dry 2 The details of the costume were totally authentic. （ A） real （
2、 B） outstanding （ C） creative （ D） false 3 We are aware of the potential problems. （ A） global （ B） possible （ C） ongoing （ D） central 4 The idea was quite brilliant. （ A） positive （ B） clever （ C） key （ D） original 5 Stock market price tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate. （ A） regulated
3、（ B） increased （ C） fell （ D） maintained 6 The course gives you basic instructions in car maintenance. （ A） coaching （ B） idea （ C） term （ D） aspect 7 All houses within 100 metres of the seas are at risk of flooding. （ A） in danger （ B） out of control （ C） between equals （ D） in particular 8 The rev
4、elation of his past led to his resignation. （ A） imagination （ B） confirmation （ C） recall （ D） disclosure 9 Jensen is a dangerous man, and can be very brutal. （ A） careless （ B） cruel （ C） strong （ D） hard 10 Youll have to sprint if you want to catch the train. （ A） jump （ B） escape （ C） run （ D） p
5、repare 11 We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty. （ A） changeable （ B） stable （ C） suitable （ D） adaptable 12 The new garment fits her perfectly. （ A） haircut （ B） purse （ C） clothes （ D） necklace 13 The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma. （ A） fear （ B） joy （ C）
6、 hurt （ D） memory 14 They have to build canals to irrigate the desert. （ A） decorate （ B） water （ C） change （ D） visit 15 Her overall language proficiency remains that of a toddler. （ A） disabled （ B） pupil （ C） teenager （ D） baby 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提
7、供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack German researchers have come up with a new generation of defibrillators(除颤器 )and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection from sudden death from cardiac arrest
8、(心脏骤停 ). In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases are caused by disruption to the heart s rhythm. Those most at risk are patients who have already suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in di
9、agnosing life-threatening disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds. These devices take on a range of functions, such as that of pacemaker. Heart specialists at Freiburg s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibril
10、lator capable of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG)within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of acute blood-flow problems and a pending(潜在的 )heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institu
11、te for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed a new computer software that renders the evaluation of ECG data more precise. The overwhelming majority of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs. “ Many of the current progra
12、ms only take into account a linear correlation of the data. We are, however, making use of a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,“ Hagen Knaf says. “In this way changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variatio
13、ns in patients taken into account. “ An old study of ECG data, based upon 600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show that the new software evaluates the data considerably better. 16 A new type of defibrillators can be used to prevent
14、 cardiovascular diseases. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Cardiac arrest is caused mostly by disruption to the heart s rhythm. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Defibrillators are useful in curing patients constantly under the threat of heart attack. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C）
15、Not mentioned 19 The new computer software is designed by a German Company. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The non-linear process has taken into account the individual variations in patients. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The early-warning software is unique in its data co
16、llection. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The researchers proved the validity of the new software via ECG data of an old study. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一 个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为
17、每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Seek Health and Wellness 1 Whether you are busy studying or starting clerkship,it is absolutely essential to maintain health and well-being throughout your medical career. Some ways are useful in trying to stay healthy and active. Hopefully you can take them! 2 Staring at a laptop s
18、creen for a prolonged(长时间的 )period of time not only dries out our eyes but also begins to take a toll on our efficiency. If you find yourself staring at the same slide for more than 15 minutes,take a nice walk outside! 3 Different types of nuts are great brain food! Nuts of any kind can easily be ab
19、sorbed into your daily meals. They go great with milk and salads. To add in the nutritious value of nuts, they serve as a source of protein(蛋白质 )while helping to raise HDL,the “good cholesterol(胆固醇 )“in our bodies. 4 If you re a coffee lover,try switching it up from time to time. Carbonated water is
20、 a good substitute every now and then. There are no calories, compared to regular sodas(碳酸饮料 ),and the car-bonation adds a little fizz(嘶嘶声 )that can help keep you awake and refreshed. 5 It s easy to feel nervous about medical practice, but if you keep your mind focused on the big picture and acknowl
21、edge what you ve done instead of what you haven t, your mindset will take a turn for the greater good. Being confident and staying positive changes your mood and outlook,making the workload more manageable. 6 We may have something called “puppy therapy“. It s important to have something that is “you
22、r thing“ , something that you enjoy doing that helps you connect with the outside world. That can be anything that can relax your mind and re-energize your body without taking a huge mass out of your busy day. A Eat some nuts B Think positive C Stare at the laptop screen D Reduce the workload schedu
23、le E Substitute coffee for a healthier drink F Take a walk 23 Paragraph 2_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph 4_ 26 Paragraph 5_ 26 A a medical career B an attentive mind C nutritious nuts D carbonated water E the greater good F body and mind 27 Health and wellness are needed in_. 28 Puppy therapy refers
24、to something that activates your_. 29 To reduce anxiety of becoming a doctor, you need to set your mind on_. 30 It s advisable to replace coffee with_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Ethnic Tensions in Belgium Belgium has given the world Audrey Hepburn,Rene Ma
25、gritte(surrealist artist),the saxophone(萨克斯管 )and deep-fried potato chips that are somehow called French. But the story behind this flat, twice-Beijing-size country is of a bad marriage between two nationalities living together that cannot stand each other. With no new government, more than a hundre
26、d days after a general election, rumors run wild that the country is about to disappear. “ We are two different nations, an artificial state. With nothing in common except a king, chocolate and beer“ ,said Filip Dewinter, the leader of the Flemish Bloc, the extreme-right Flemish party. Radical Flemi
27、sh separatists like Mr. Dewinter want to divide the country horizontally along ethnic and economic lines: to the north,Flanders where Dutch(known locally as Flemish)is spoken and money is increasingly made;to the south, French-speaking Wallonia, where today old factories dominate the landscape. The
28、area of present-day Belgium passed to the French in the 18 th century. Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815,Belgium was given to the kingdom of the Netherlands, from which it gained independence as a separate kingdom in 1830. Since then, it has struggled for cohesion(结合 ). Anyone who has spoken
29、French in a Flemish city quickly gets a sense of the mutual hostility that is part of daily life there. But there are reasons Belgium is likely to stay together, at least in the short term. The economies of the two regions are tightly linked, and separation would be a financial nightmare. But there
30、is also deep resentment in Flanders that its much healthier economy must subsidize(补贴 )the south,where unemployment is double that of the north. French speakers in the south, meanwhile, favor the status quo(现状 ). Belgium has made it through previous threats of division. Although some political analy
31、sts believe this one is different, there is no panic just now. “We must not worry too much,“ said Baudouin Bruggeman, a 55-year-old school-teacher. “Belgium has survived on compromise since 1930. You have to remember that this is Magritte s country, the country of surrealism. Anything can happen. “
32、31 Who was Magritte? （ A） A French novelist. （ B） A saxophonist. （ C） A separatist. （ D） A surrealist artist. 32 When did Belgium become an independent kingdom? （ A） In 1800. （ B） In 1830. （ C） In 1815. （ D） In 1930. 33 Which statement about Belgium is NOT true? （ A） It is twice as big as Beijing. （
33、 B） It has two major ethnic groups. （ C） It has gone through quite a few threats of division. （ D） It has no government. 34 What does this passage mainly talk about? （ A） Surrealist artists. （ B） Belgium s economy. （ C） Cultural clashes in Belgium. （ D） Music in Belgium. 35 The word “stand“ in Parag
34、raph 2 means_. （ A） handle （ B） meet （ C） combine （ D） bear 35 Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements Two scientists who have won praise for research into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday, kicking
35、 off six days of Nobel announcements. Australian-born US citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical honors for their enzyme(酶 )research and experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel. Among the pairs possible rivals are Frenchman Pi
36、erre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who opened up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors As usual, the tight-lipped award committee is giving no hints about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholm s Karoli
37、nska Institute. Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite(炸药 ),established the prizes in his will in the categories of medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden s central bank. Nobel left few instructions on h
38、ow to select winners,but medicine winners are typically awarded for a specific breakthrough rather than a body of research. Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor(瑞典克朗 )(US $ 1.3 million)prize encourages groundbreaking research but he did not think winni
39、ng it was the primary goal for scientists. “ Individual researchers probably don t look at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when they re at work, “Jornvall told The Associated Press. “They get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life functions. “ In 2006, Blackburn,
40、of the University of California, San Francisco, and Greider, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, shared the Lasker prize for basic medical research with Jack Szos-tak of Harvard Medical School. Their work set the stage for research suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase(端粒酶 )to sustain(维持
41、 )their uncontrolled growth. 36 Who is most unlikely to win the Nobel Prize in medicine? （ A） Elizabeth Blackburn. （ B） Carol Greider. （ C） Hans Jornvall. （ D） Pierre Chambon. 37 Which is NOT true of Alfred Nobel? （ A） He was from Sweden. （ B） He invented dynamite. （ C） He established the Nobel Priz
42、es in his will. （ D） He left clear instructions on how to select winners. 38 Originally the Nobel Prizes did NOT include_. （ A） the medicine prize （ B） the literature prize （ C） the peace prize （ D） the economics prize 39 The word “kicks“ in Paragraph 8 probably means_. （ A） enjoyment （ B） money （ C
43、） respect （ D） knowledge 40 Telomerase may play a key role in_. （ A） the unchecked growth of cancer cells （ B） the killing of cancer cells （ C） the division of normal cells （ D） the transmission of viruses 40 How Deafness Makes It Easier to Hear Most people think of Beethoven s hearing loss as an ob
44、stacle to composing music. However, he produced his most powerful works in the last decade of his life when he was completely deaf. This is one of the most glorious cases of the triumph of will over adversity, but his biographer, Maynard Solomon, takes a different view. Solomon argues that Beethoven
45、s deafness “heightened“ his achievement as a composer. In his deaf world Beethoven could experiment, free from the sounds of the outside world,free to create new forms and harmonies. Hearing loss does not seem to affect the musical ability of musicians who become deaf. They continue to “ hear“ music
46、 with as much, or greater, accuracy than if they were actually hearing it being played. Michael Eagar,who died in 2003,became deaf at the age of 21. He described a phenomenon that happened within three months: “ My former musical experiences began to play back to me. I couldn t differentiate between
47、 what I heard and real hearing. After many years, it is still rewarding to listen to these playbacks, to hear music which is new to me and to find many quiet accompaniments for all of my moods. “ How is it that the world we see, touch, hear, and smell is both “out there“ and at the same time within
48、us? There is no better example of this connection between external stimulus and internal perception than the cochlear implant(人工耳蜗 ). No man-made device could replace the ability to hear. However, it might be possible to use the brain s remarkable power to make sense of the electrical signals the im
49、plant produces. When Michael Eagar first “switched on“ his cochlear implant,the sounds he heard were not at all clear. Gradually, with much hard work, he began to identify everyday sounds. “The insistent ringing of the telephone became clear almost at once. “ The primary purpose of the implant is to allow communication with others. When people spoke to Eagar, he heard their voices “coming through like a long-distance telephone call on a poor connec
