1、2016年职称英语（综合类） A级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Only people over 18 are eligible to vote. （ A） honest （ B） qualified （ C） enabled （ D） clever 2 The latest car model embodies the new research development. （ A） lists （ B） includes （ C） borr
2、ows （ D） broadens 3 The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold. （ A） severe （ B） hard （ C） warm （ D） dry 4 She is an artist whose work will undoubtedly withstand the test of time. （ A） grade （ B） attract （ C） bear （ D） suffer 5 He wore a shabby thin overcoat
3、in the cold winter so that he fell ill. （ A） old （ B） big （ C） new （ D） small 6 The weather was so gorgeous that many people went outing. （ A） uncontrollable （ B） pleasant （ C） cloudy （ D） unbearable 7 Competitors must abide by the judge s decision. （ A） keep （ B） read （ C） understand （ D） obey 8 Th
4、e umbrella was ingeniously devised to fold up into the pocket. （ A） seriously （ B） cleverly （ C） attentively （ D） carefully 9 Some newspapers in the west are notably biased. （ A） especially （ B） wholly （ C） totally （ D） fairly 10 His answers were obscure and confusing. （ A） unclear （ B） obvious （ C）
5、 clear （ D） direct 11 The way she looked after her young sister was really touching. （ A） disturbing （ B） connecting （ C） moving （ D） waving 12 We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty. （ A） stable （ B） suitable （ C） changeable （ D） adaptable 13 They have built canals to irrig
6、ate the desert. （ A） decorate （ B） change （ C） visit （ D） water 14 The details of the costume were totally authentic. （ A） outstanding （ B） real （ C） creative （ D） false 15 The new garment fits her perfectly. （ A） clothes （ B） haircut （ C） purse （ D） necklace 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了
7、 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Income Tax For many young Americans, graduating from college means finding a job, moving out of the dorm room and beginning to register one s annual earnings with the US government. That last item is the law,though
8、 sometimes it s a hassle(难事 )to obey. Independent tax advisor Bob Gilbert calls the US income tax system “amazingly complicated“. But he adds that “ very little of the complicated tax law applies to young people who are just beginning their careers“. According to Gilbert, 80 to 90 percent of America
9、ns are not really burdened by the system s complications. Still, all the numbers and forms can be a little confusing to those who are just starting their careers. Some pull out their calculators and try to do the math alone. Some use income tax software. Others just hand the whole responsibility ove
10、r to tax firms like Gilbert s. According to income tax law expert Linda Beale,young people will often follow their parents lead when filling their income forms. “Young people who grow up in wealthy households typically use professional tax services because their parents have always done so,“ said Be
11、ale, a professor at Wayne State University in Michigan State. “ On the other hand, most poorer young people probably try to do their own taxes, unless they want a quick refund with the help of a tax advisor. “ In fact, obeying the law has its benefits. For one,many young people can expect a tax refu
12、nd. This means that, over the course of the year, they have paid too much in monthly federal or state taxes and are entitled to the difference. Bob Thalman, a 20-year-old university student, expects he will get a refund of about $ 100, which will probably go in the bank, or perhaps be used to pay fo
13、r car insurance or credit card bills. Thalman called the whole process a “hassle“ ,but added that he didn t want to test the law by not filling his income tax papers. “Im worried about what would happen if I failed to file,“ he said. “ I know one individual who did not report his income tax for many
14、 years, and he s now in federal prison. I certainly don t want that. “ 16 A college student with a part-time job is not required to file an income tax form. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The US income tax system does not wholly apply to a college graduate who is just beginning his or h
15、er career. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 It s pretty easy for a beginner to report his or her income tax. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 When young people file their income tax forms, they will often follow in their parents footsteps. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mention
16、ed 20 Young people from poorer families needn t file their income tax forms. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 If one has failed to report his or her income tax for quite a few years, he or she may be put in prison. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The US income tax system will
17、be simplified in the next few years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Tunguska Event 1 A hundred years ago this week, a gigantic explosion ripped(撕裂 )open th
18、e dawn sky above a forest in western Siberia, leaving a scientific riddle that endures to this day. 2 A dazzling light pierced the heavens, followed by a shock wave as strong as 1,000 atomic bombs. The explosion flattened 80 million trees across an area of 2,000 square kilometers. The fireball was s
19、o great that, a day later, Londoners could read their newspapers under the night sky. What caused the so-called Tunguska Event, named after the nearby Podkamennaya Tunguska river, still remains a mystery. 3 Experts suspect it was a rock that, after traveling in space for millions of years, was desti
20、ned to crash to Earth at exactly 7:17 a. m. on June 30,1908. This possibility worries scientists. “Imagine an unspotted asteroid(小行星 )hitting a significant chunk(块 )of land. and imagine if that area, unlike Tunguska, were populated,“ the British science journal Nature commented recently. 4 But no fr
21、agments of the “rock“ have ever been found. Finding such evidence would be important, for it would increase our knowledge about the risk posed by dangerous Near Earth Objects(NEOs),say Italian researchers Luca Gasperini, Enrico Bonatti and Giuseppe Longo. When the next Tunguska NEO approaches, scien
22、tists will have to decide whether to try to deflect(使偏转 )it or blow it up in space. 5 However, several rival theories for the Tunguska Event exist. Wolfgang Kundt, a professor at Germanys Bonn University, believes the Tunguska Event was caused by a massive escape of 10 million tons of methane(甲烷 )-r
23、ich gas from deep within earth s crust. Some people hold that the explosion was caused by an alien spaceship crash, or a black hole in the universe. A Competing Explanations B Unknown Attacks C Mysterious Explosion D Star War E Importance of Finding Evidence F Explanation That Worries Scientists 23
24、Paragraph 2_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph 4_ 26 Paragraph 5_ 26 A has remained a puzzle B lacks sufficient evidence C is a university professor D was generated by the explosion E will kill many animals F are attacked by aliens 27 The gigantic explosion that occurred a hundred years ago_. 28 The shoc
25、k wave which followed the dazzling light_. 29 The hypothesis that the explosion was caused by a rock colliding with the Earth_. 30 Wolfgang Kundt, who has developed an alternative theory, _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Sports Star Yao Ming If Yao Ming is no
26、t the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association(NBA)and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games. But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrit
27、y(名气 ). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess(杰出的才能 ),but also for being a symbol of international commerce. When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No. 1 pick in the 2002 NBA d
28、raft(选拔 ), he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enough no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful(难对付的人 )for op ponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organizati
29、on is his role as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China. When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture(骨折 )in his left foot, a collective shudder(震动 )spread across China.
30、After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and though the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little ti
31、me to prepare with Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics. Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process. Western experts are generally skeptical of TCM s benefits,
32、although new research from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair. “ There is no reason to dismiss TCM,“ Yao told a press conference in Beijing. “ It s been used in our country for thousands of years. I don t think that it
33、 s short on science. “ 31 The word “towering“ in Paragraph 1 means_. （ A） large （ B） fat （ C） tall （ D） great 32 Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his_. （ A） assault （ B） mobility （ C） defense （ D） celebrity 33 Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because_
34、. （ A） he wanted to make a more rapid recovery （ B） his right foot had been hurting （ C） the surgical operation had been a failure （ D） he couldn t afford all the medical expenses 34 Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true? （ A） He is an NBA player. （ B） He fractured his left foot. （ C） He missed
35、 the Athens Olympics. （ D） He is an international figure. 35 In general, the Western experts attitude towards TCM is_. （ A） indifferent （ B） positive （ C） doubtful （ D） negative 35 Black Holes Trigger Stars to Self-destruct Scientists have long understood that supermassive(超大质量的 )black holes weighin
36、g millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close. The black hole s gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough. Scientists say this uneven pulling is not the only haza
37、rd facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris(巴黎天文台 )in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of su
38、ch an unfortunate star s life, as it veered(改变方向 )towards a supermassive black hole. When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake(薄饼 )shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigge
39、r intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur. The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and fo
40、und that even when their effects are included, the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. “There will be an explosion of the star it will be completely destroyed,“ Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates(使消失 )the star, it saves some of the star s matter from being devoured(吞没 )by the black
41、hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the star s matter out of the black hole s reach, he says. The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart, its matte
42、r starts swirling(旋转 )into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so,releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays. If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Halpern of Columbia University in Ne
43、w York, US. “ It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough,“he says. 36 What would take place if a star gets too close to a black hole? （ A） The star would veer away from the black hole. （ B） The black hole would reduce its own size considerably. （ C）
44、The flattening process would reduce the star s density. （ D） The black hole would rip the star apart. 37 According to Paragraph 3 , reseachers differed in the likehood of generating_. （ A） star density （ B） nuclear explosion （ C） shock waves （ D） the uneven forces 38 According to Paragraph 4, the ne
45、w simulations favored_. （ A） the creation of a new star （ B） the formation of a new black hole （ C） a nuclear explosion （ D） the enlargement of the star 39 What is supposed to happen several months after the explosion of the star? （ A） The star s matter will move further away from the black hole. （
46、B） The black hole s matter will heat up. （ C） The torn star s matter will swirl into the black hole. （ D） The black hole will devour ultraviolet light and X-rays. 40 The word “disruption“ in Paragraph 6 means . （ A） eruption （ B） tearing apart （ C） interruption （ D） flattening 40 Dont Rely on Indire
47、ct Evidence Conservationists may be miscalculating the numbers of the threatened animals such as elephants, say African and American researchers. The error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung(粪 )the creatures leave behind. The mistake could lead re
48、searchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there really are in some regions, according to Andrew Plumptre of the Wildlife Conservation Society(WCS)in New York. Biologist Katy Payne of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, agrees. “ We really need to know elephant numbers and the
49、evidence that we have is quite indirect,“ says Payne, who electronically tracks elephants. Counting elephants from aeroplanes is impossible in the vast rainforests of Central Africa. So researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a given area. They also need to know the rate at which dung decays. Because it s extremely difficult to determine these rates, however, researchers tallying(统计 )e
