1、2017年 11月成人本科学位英语真题试卷汇编（二）及答案与解析 一、 Dialogue Communication 0 Roger: So, how is your new roommate? Abby:【 D1】 _ Roger: What happened? Abby: Shes always making loud noises at midnight and when I remind her, she always makes rude remarks. Roger:【 D2】 _ Abby: I tried, but it didnt work. Roger:【 D3】 _ Ab
2、by: At least three times. I guess I m going to complain to the manager.【 D4】 _ Roger: Maybe. A. Why dont you have a heart to heart chat with her? B. She really turns me off. C. I hope she can be driven out. D. But how many times did you try? 1 【 D1】 2 【 D2】 3 【 D3】 4 【 D4】 4 Joshua: Dad. Allowance d
3、ay. Can I have my allowance? Father: Oh. I forgot about that. Joshua: You ALWAYS forget. Father: I guess I do.【 D5】 _ Joshua: Just $ 13. Father: Well, I m not sure if I have that much. Joshua: Go to the bank.【 D6】 _ Father: Lots of money, uh? Uh, well. I think the bank is closed. Joshua: Then, what
4、about your secret money jar under your bed? Father: Oh, I guess I could do that.【 D7】 _ Joshua: I m going to put some in savings, give some to the poor people, and use the rest to buy books. Father: Well, that sounds great, Joshua. A. So, what are you going to do with the money? B. You have lots of
5、money. C. How much do I owe you? D. Do you have anything in mind? 5 【 D5】 6 【 D6】 7 【 D7】 7 Speaker A: Whats your plan for the summer holiday? Speaker B: Ill visit my cousin.【 D8】 _ Speaker A: Is the farm big or small? Speaker B: Its not very big, but its really a nice one. Id like to go there on su
6、mmer holidays. Speaker A: I m sure you will enjoy staying there. What does he grow on the farm? Speaker B:【 D9】 _ Speaker A: What are you going to do there? Speaker B: Ill go there and help him pick fruit. Speaker A: Youll pick fruit! It sounds fun. Speaker B: It really does. And the fruits are very
7、 delicious. I enjoy them very much. Speaker A: Are they sold here? Speaker B: Of course.【 D10】 _ My cousin will send them to other countries some day, too. A. He grows oranges, peaches and grapes. B. Can you pick fruit? C. He has a farm in the countryside. D. And they are also sold in many cities in
8、 China. 8 【 D8】 9 【 D9】 10 【 D10】 二、 Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark
9、the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 10 Spending 50 minutes with a cell phone close to your ear is enough to change brain cell activity in the part of the brain closest to the antenna. But whether that causes any harm is not clear, scientists at the Nat
10、ional Institute of Health said at a conference last month, adding that the study will not likely settle concerns of a link between cell phones and brain cancer. “What we showed is glucose (葡萄糖 ) metabolism (a sign of brain activity) increases in the brain in people who were exposed to a cell phone i
11、n the area closest to the antenna,“ said Dr. Nora Volkow of the NIH, whose study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. The study was meant to examine how the brain reacts to electromagnetic fields caused by wireless phone signals. Volkow said she was surprised that the we
12、ak electromagnetic radiation from cell phones could affect brain activity, but she said the findings do not shed any light on whether cell phones cause cancer. “This study does not in any way indicate that. What the study does is to show the human brain is sensitive to electromagnetic radiation from
13、 cell phone exposures.“ Use of the devices has increased dramatically since they were introduced in the early 1955s, with about 5 billion cell phones now in use worldwide. Some studies have linked cell phone exposure to an increased risk of brain cancers, but a large study by the World Health Organi
14、zation did not offer a clear answer to this. Volkows team studied 47 people who had their brain examined while a cell phone was turned on for 50 minutes and another while the phone was turned off. While there was no complete change in brain metabolism, they found a 7 percent increase in brain metabo
15、lism in the region closest to the cell phone antenna when the phone was on. Experts said the results were interesting, but urged that they be understood with great care. “Although the biological significance, if any, of increased glucose metabolism from too much cell phone exposure is unknown, the r
16、esults require further investigation,“ Henry Lai of the University of Washington in the U. S. and Dr. Lennart Hardell of University Hospital in Sweden, wrote in an article in JAMA. “Much has to be done to further investigate and understand these effects.“ They wrote. 11 According to the passage, whi
17、ch of the following is TRUE? （ A） Cell phone use is dangerous. （ B） Cell phone use causes cancer. （ C） The human brain is an electromagnetic field. （ D） There are about 5 billion cell phone users in the world right now. 12 Doctor Volkow was astonished because_. （ A） her research has shed light on he
18、r understanding of cell phone （ B） she found that cell phone exposure is harmful to human brain （ C） she found that using a cell phone for about 50 minutes could influence or change brain activity （ D） human brain is not responsive to electromagnetic radiation 13 According to the passage, cell phone
19、s were launched_. （ A） in the late 1970s （ B） between 1955 and 1960 （ C） in the late 1955 s （ D） in the early 1990s 14 What does the word “that“ stand for in the second paragraph? （ A） Brain activity. （ B） Her research findings. （ C） The fact that cell phone use may cause cancer. （ D） Her research p
20、rogress. 15 Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage? （ A） Cell Phone Radiation: Is It Harmful? （ B） Cell Phone Radiation: Is It Useful? （ C） Cell Phone Radiation: Is It Healthy? （ D） Cell Phone Radiation: Is It Weak? 15 By education, I mean the influence of the environment up
21、on the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavior, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direc
22、tion of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity. When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the “ant-lion“ whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen, goes backwards
23、 on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. It knows no other mode of flight, “or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions (as useless as cultivat
24、ing an unshown field) or dies in helpless inactivity“. Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil. Advance in the
25、 scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the e
26、nd perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made (when they are called instincts and not habits at all) , were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of inf
27、ancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were molded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm. This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the
28、whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, yet selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conc
29、eivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanismis now, for the first time, created by which the individual (in contradiction to the species) can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And
30、finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver, and preeminently by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always supplementary factors. 16 Which of th
31、e following is the most suitable title for the passage? （ A） The Evolution of Insects. （ B） Environment and Heredity. （ C） Education: The Influence of the Environment. （ D） The Instincts of Animals. 17 What can be inferred from the example of the ant-lion in the first paragraph? （ A） Instincts of an
32、imals can lead to unreasonable reactions in strange situations. （ B） When it is engaged in a chain actions it cannot be interrupted. （ C） Environment and heredity are two supplementary factors in the evolution of insects. （ D） Along the lines of evolution heredity becomes less and environment more i
33、mportant. 18 Based on the example provided in the passage, we can tell that when a spider is removed to a new position where half of a net has been made, it will probably_. （ A） begin a completely new net （ B） destroy the half-net （ C） spin the test of the net （ D） take away from the net 19 Which of
34、 the following is true about habits according to the passage? （ A） They are natural endowments to living creatures. （ B） They are more important than instincts to all animals. （ C） They are subject to the formative influence of the environment. （ D） They are destined to open out a much more far-reac
35、hing possibility in the evolution of human beings. 20 From the text, we can learn that environment and heredity are _factors. （ A） totally independent （ B） completely opposed （ C） always supplementary （ D） generally identical 20 Increasingly, over the past ten years, peopleespecially young peoplehav
36、e become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed food, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods. Foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by ch
37、emical fertilizers, widely used in farming today. Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitami
38、ns and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the a-mountbut not the qualityof foods grown in commercial farming areas. Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move free
39、ly in healthy pastures. Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry: there are farms, for example , where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food
40、, they also lay eggs which lack important vitamins. There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually a non-essential food! Although a natural alternative, such as honey, can be used
41、 to sweeten food if it is necessary, we can in fact do without it. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be addictive: the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet all it doe
42、s is to provide us with energy, in the form of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals and no fiber. It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fiber has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour
43、 and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis is placed on the eating of whole meal bread and more vegetables by modern experts
44、 on “healthy eating“. 21 People have become more interested in natural foods because_. （ A） they are more health conscious （ B） they want to taste all kinds of foods （ C） natural foods are more delicious than processed foods （ D） they want to return to nature 22 Soil that is rich in organic matters_
45、. （ A） has had chemicals and fertilizers added to it （ B） contains vegetable matter that has not been consumed （ C） has been nourished by fertilizers （ D） already contains large quantities of vitamins and minerals 23 Chickens raised in poultry farms are all of the following EXCEPT that_. （ A） they a
46、re fed on food which is little better than garbage （ B） they live in very crowded condition （ C） the eggs they lay lack vitamins （ D） they are allowed to move about and eat freely 24 According to the passage, _. （ A） people need sugar to give them energy （ B） sugar is bad for the health （ C） the use
47、 of sugar is habit forming （ D） sugar only sweetens food, but provides us with nothing useful 25 The best title for this passage is_. （ A） Peoples Growing Interest in Natural Foods （ B） Natural Foods and Healthy Diet （ C） Harmful Effects of Sugar （ D） The Importance of Fiber in Foods 25 For the past
48、 several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.“ People are invited to query Marilynvos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to c
49、omplete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questio
