1、2017年 6月大学英语六级真题试卷（一）及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend college at home or abroad, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Section A （ A） Doing enjoyable work. （ B） Ea
2、rning a competitive salary. （ C） Having friendly colleagues. （ D） Working for supportive bosses. （ A） 31%. （ B） 25%. （ C） 20%. （ D） 73%. （ A） Those of a small size. （ B） Those that are well managed. （ C） Those run by women. （ D） Those full of skilled workers. （ A） They can hop from job to job easily
3、. （ B） They can win recognition of their work. （ C） They can better balance work and life. （ D） They can take on more than one job. （ A） It is a book of European history. （ B） It is about the city of Bruges. （ C） It is an introduction to music. （ D） It is a collection of photos. （ A） When painting t
4、he concert hall of Bruges. （ B） When vacationing in an Italian coastal city. （ C） When taking pictures for a concert catalogue. （ D） When writing about Belgiums coastal regions. （ A） The entire European coastline will be submerged. （ B） The rich heritage of Europe will be lost completely. （ C） The s
5、eawater of Europe will be seriously polluted. （ D） The major European scenic spots will disappear. （ A） Its waterways are being increasingly polluted. （ B） People cannot get around without using boats. （ C） It attracts large numbers of tourists from home and abroad. （ D） Tourists use wooden paths to
6、 reach their hotels in the morning. Section B （ A） They make careful preparations beforehand. （ B） They take too many irrelevant factors into account. （ C） They spend too much time anticipating their defeat. （ D） They try hard to avoid getting off on the wrong foot. （ A） A persons nervous system is
7、more complicated than imagined. （ B） Golfers usually have positive mental images of themselves. （ C） Mental images often interfere with athletes performance. （ D） Thinking has the same effect on the nervous system as doing. （ A） Anticipate possible problems. （ B） Picture themselves succeeding. （ C）
8、Make a list of dos and donts. （ D） Try to appear more professional. （ A） She wore a designer dress. （ B） She did not speak loud enough. （ C） She won her first jury trial. （ D） She presented moving pictures. （ A） Its long-term effects are yet to be proved. （ B） Its health benefits have been overestim
9、ated. （ C） It helps people to avoid developing breast cancer. （ D） It enables patients with diabetes to recover sooner. （ A） It focused on their ways of life during young adulthood. （ B） It tracked their change in food preferences for 20 years. （ C） It focused on their difference from men in fiber i
10、ntake. （ D） It tracked their eating habits since their adolescence. （ A） Fiber may help to reduce hormones in the body. （ B） Fiber may bring more benefits to women than men. （ C） Fiber may improve the function of heart muscles. （ D） Fiber may make blood circulation more smooth. Section C （ A） Observ
11、ing the changes in marketing. （ B） Conducting research on consumer behaviour. （ C） Studying the hazards of young people drinking. （ D） Investigating the impact of media on government. （ A） It is the cause of many street riots. （ B） It is getting worse year by year. （ C） It is a chief concern of pare
12、nts. （ D） It is an act of socialising. （ A） They spent a week studying their own purchasing behaviour. （ B） They researched the impact of mobile phones on young people. （ C） They analysed their family budgets over the years. （ D） They conducted a thorough research on advertising. （ A） It is helping
13、its banks to improve efficiency. （ B） It is trying hard to do away with dirty money. （ C） It is the first country to use credit cards in the world. （ D） It is likely to give up paper money in the near future. （ A） Whether it is possible to travel without carrying any physical currency. （ B） Whether
14、it is possible to predict how much money one is going to spend. （ C） Whether the absence of physical currency causes a person to spend more. （ D） Whether the absence of physical currency is going to affect everyday life. （ A） There was no food service on the train. （ B） The service on the train was
15、not good. （ C） The restaurant car accepted cash only. （ D） The cash in her handbag was missing. （ A） By putting money into envelopes. （ B） By limiting their day-to-day spending. （ C） By drawing money week by week. （ D） By refusing to buy anything on credit. （ A） Population explosion. （ B） Extinction
16、 of rare species. （ C） Chronic hunger. （ D） Environmental deterioration. （ A） They contribute to overpopulation. （ B） About half of them are unintended. （ C） They have been brought under control. （ D） The majority of them tend to end halfway. （ A） It is essential to the wellbeing of all species on e
17、arth. （ B） It is becoming a subject of interdisciplinary research. （ C） It is neglected in many of the developing countries. （ D） It is beginning to attract postgraduates attention. Section A 26 Lets all stop judging people who talk to themselves. New research says that those who cant seem to keep t
18、heir inner monologues (独白 ) in are actually more likely to stay on task, remain【 C1】 _ better and show improved perception capabilities. Not bad, really, for some extra muttering. According to a series of experiments published in the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology by professors Gary Lu
19、pyan and Daniel Swignley, the act of using verbal clues to【 C2】 _ mental pictures helps people function quicker. In one experiment, they showed pictures of various objects to twenty【 C3】 _ and asked them to find just one of those, a banana. Half were【 C4】 _ to repeat out loud what they were looking
20、for and the other half kept their lips【 C5】 _ . Those who talked to themselves found the banana slightly faster than those who didnt, the researchers say. In other experiments, Lupyan and Swignley found that【 C6】 _ the name of a common product when on the hunt for it helped quicken someones pace, bu
21、t talking about uncommon items showed no advantage and slowed you down. Common research has long held that talking themselves through a task helps children learn, although doing so when youve【 C7】 _ matured is not a great sign of【 C8】 _ The two professors hope to refute that idea,【 C9】 _ that just a
22、s when kids walk themselves through a process, adults can benefit from using language not just to communicate, but also to help “augment thinking“. Of course, you are still encouraged to keep the talking at library tones and, whatever you do, keep the information you share simple, like a grocery lis
23、t. At any【 C10】_ , theres still such a thing as too much information. A) apparently I) obscurely B) arrogance J) sealed C) brilliance K) spectators D) claiming L) trigger E) dedicated M) uttering F) focused N) volume G) incur O) volunteers H) instructed 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 3
24、2 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 The Price of Oil and the Price of Carbon A Fossil fuel prices are likely to stay “low for long“. Notwithstanding important recent progress in developing renewable fuel sources, low fossil fuel prices could discourage further innovation in, an
25、d adoption of, cleaner energy technologies. The result would be higher emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. B Policymakers should not allow low energy prices to derail the clean energy transition. Action to restore appropriate price incentives, notably through corrective carbon pr
26、icing, is urgently needed to lower the risk of irreversible and potentially devastating effects of climate change. That approach also offers fiscal benefits. C Oil prices have dropped by over 60% since June 2014. A commonly held view in the oil industry is that “the best cure for low oil prices is l
27、ow oil prices“. The reasoning behind this saying is that low oil prices discourage investment in new production capacity, eventually shifting the oil supply curve backward and bringing prices back up as existing oil fields which can be tapped at relatively low marginal cost are depleted. In fact, in
28、 line with past experience, capital expenditure in the oil sector has dropped sharply in many producing countries, including the United States. The dynamic adjustment to low oil prices may, however, be different this time around. D Oil prices are expected to remain lower for longer. The advent of ne
29、w technologies has added about 4.2 million barrels per day to the crude oil market, contributing to a global over-supply. In addition, other factors are putting downward pressure on oil prices: change in the strategic behavior of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the projected incre
30、ase in Iranian exports, the scaling-down of global demand ( especially from emerging markets) , the long-term drop in petroleum consumption in the United States, and some displacement of oil by substitutes. These likely persistent forces, like the growth of shale (页岩 ) oil, point to a low for long“
31、scenario. Futures markets, which show only a modest recovery of prices to around $60 a barrel by 2019, support this view. E Natural gas and coal also fossil fuels have similarly seen price declines that look to be long-lived. Coal and natural gas are mainly used for electricity generation, whereas o
32、il is used mostly to power transportation, yet the prices of all these energy sources are linked. The North American shale gas boom has resulted in record low prices there. The recent discovery of the giant Zohr gas field off the Egyptian coast will eventually have impact on pricing in the Mediterra
33、nean region and Europe, and there is significant development potential in many other places, notably Argentina. Coal prices also are low, owing to over-supply and the scaling-down of demand, especially from China, which burns half of the worlds coal. F Technological innovations have unleashed the po
34、wer of renewables such as wind, hydro, solar, and geothermal (地热 ). Even Africa and the Middle East, home to economies that are heavily dependent on fossil fuel exports, have enormous potential to develop renewables. For example, the United Arab Emirates has endorsed an ambitious target to draw 24%
35、of its primary energy consumption from renewable sources by 2021. G Progress in the development of renewables could be fragile, however, if fossil fuel prices remain low for long. Renewables account for only a small share of global primary energy consumption, which is still dominated by fossil fuels
36、 30% each for coal and oil, 25% for natural gas. But renewable energy will have to displace fossil fuels to a much greater extent in the future to avoid unacceptable climate risks. H Unfortunately, the current low prices for oil, gas, and coal may provide little incentive for research to find even c
37、heaper substitutes for those fuels. There is strong evidence that both innovation and adoption of cleaner technology are strongly encouraged by higher fossil fuel prices. The same is true for new technologies for alleviating fossil fuel emissions. I The current low fossil fuel price environment will
38、 thus certainly delay the energy transition from fossil fuel to clean energy sources. Unless renewables become cheap enough that substantial carbon deposits are left underground for a very long time, if not forever, the planet will likely be exposed to potentially catastrophic climate risks. J Some
39、climate impacts may already be discernible. For example, the United Nations Childrens Fund estimates that some 11 million children in Africa face hunger, disease, and water shortages as a result of the strongest El Nifio (尼尔尼诺 ) weather phenomenon in decades. Many scientists believe that El Nifio ev
40、ents, caused by warming in the Pacific, are becoming more intense as a result of climate change. K Nations from around the world have gathered in Paris for the United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP 21, with the goal of a universal and potentially legally-binding agreement on reducing greenho
41、use gas emissions. We need very broad participation to fully address the global tragedy that results when countries fail to take into account the negative impact of their carbon emissions on the rest of the world. Moreover, non-participation by nations, if sufficiently widespread, can undermine the
42、political will of participating countries to act. L The nations participating at COP 21 are focusing on quantitative emissions-reduction commitments. Economic reasoning shows that the least expensive way for each country is to put a price on carbon emissions. The reason is that when carbon is priced
43、, those emissions reductions that are least costly to implement will happen first. The International Monetary Fund calculates that countries can generate substantial fiscal revenues by eliminating fossil fuel subsidies and levying carbon charges that capture the domestic damage caused by emissions.
44、A tax on upstream carbon sources is one easy way to put a price on carbon emissions, although some countries may wish to use other methods, such as emissions trading schemes. In order to maximize global welfare, every countrys carbon pricing should reflect not only the purely domestic damage from em
45、issions, but also the damage to foreign countries. M Setting the right carbon price will therefore efficiently align the costs paid by carbon users with the true social opportunity cost of using carbon. By raising relative demand for clean energy sources, a carbon price would also help align the mar
46、ket return to clean-energy innovation with its social return, spurring the refinement of existing technologies and the development of new ones. And it would raise the demand for technologies such as carbon capture and storage, spurring their further development. If not corrected by the appropriate c
47、arbon price, low fossil fuel prices are not accurately signaling to markets the true social profitability of clean energy. While alternative estimates of the damage from carbon emissions differ, and its especially hard to reckon the likely costs of possible catastrophic climate events, most estimate
48、s suggest substantial negative effects. N Direct subsidies to research and development have been adopted by some governments but are a poor substitute for a carbon price: they do only part of the job, leaving in place market incentives to over-use fossil fuels and thereby add to the stock of atmosph
49、eric greenhouse gases without regard to the collateral (附带的 ) costs. O The hope is that the success of COP 21 opens the door to future international agreement on carbon prices. Agreement on an international carbon-price floor would be a good starting point in that process. Failure to address comprehensively the problem of greenhouse gas emissions, however, exposes all generations, present and future, to incalculable risks. 37 A number of factors are driving down the global oil
