1、2018年 6月大学英语四级真题试卷（三）及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of writing ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Section A （ A） Annoyed. （ B） Scared. （ C） Confused. （ D） Offend
2、ed. （ A） It crawled over the woman s hands. （ B） It wound up on the steering wheel. （ C） It was killed by the police on the spot. （ D） It was covered with large scales. （ A） A study of the fast-food service. （ B） Fast food customer satisfaction. （ C） McDonald s new business strategies. （ D） Competit
3、ion in the fast-food industry. （ A） Customers higher demands. （ B） The inefficiency of employees. （ C） Increased variety of products. （ D） The rising number of customers. （ A） International treaties regarding space travel programs. （ B） Legal issues involved in commercial space exploration. （ C） U.
4、S. government s approval of private space missions. （ D） Competition among public and private space companies. （ A） Deliver scientific equipment to the moon. （ B） Approve a new mission to travel into outer space. （ C） Work with federal agencies on space programs. （ D） Launch a manned spacecraft to M
5、ars. （ A） It is significant. （ B） It is promising. （ C） It is unpredictable. （ D） It is unprofitable. Section B （ A） Visiting her family in Thailand. （ B） Showing friends around Phuket. （ C） Swimming around a Thai island. （ D） Lying in the sun on a Thai beach. （ A） She visited a Thai orphanage. （ B）
6、 She met a Thai girl s parents. （ C） She learned some Thai words. （ D） She sunbathed on a Thai beach. （ A） His class will start in a minute. （ B） He has got an incoming phone call. （ C） Someone is knocking at his door. （ D） His phone is running out of power. （ A） He is interested in Thai artworks. （
7、 B） He is going to open a souvenir shop. （ C） He collects things from different countries. （ D） He wants to know more about Thai culture. （ A） Buying some fitness equipment for the new gym. （ B） Opening a gym and becoming personal trainers. （ C） Signing up for a weight-loss course. （ D） Trying out a
8、 new gym in town. （ A） Professional personal training. （ B） Free exercise for the first week. （ C） A discount for a half-year membership. （ D） Additional benefits for young couples. （ A） The safety of weight-lifting. （ B） The high membership fee. （ C） The renewal of his membership. （ D） The operatio
9、n of fitness equipment. （ A） She wants her invitation renewed. （ B） She used to do 200 sit-ups every day. （ C） She knows the basics of weight-lifting. （ D） She used to be the gym s personal trainer. Section C （ A） They tend to be nervous during interviews. （ B） They often apply for a number of posit
10、ions. （ C） They worry about the results of their applications. （ D） They search extensively for employers information. （ A） Get better organized. （ B） Edit their references. （ C） Find better-paid jobs. （ D） Analyze the searching process. （ A） Provide their data in detail. （ B） Personalize each appli
11、cation. （ C） Make use of better search engines. （ D） Apply for more promising positions. （ A） If kids did not like school, real learning would not take place. （ B） If not forced to go to school, kids would be out in the streets. （ C） If schools stayed the way they are, parents were sure to protest.
12、（ D） If teaching failed to improve, kids would stay away from school. （ A） Allow them to play interesting games in class. （ B） Try to stir up their interest in lab experiments. （ C） Let them stay home and learn from their parents. （ D） Design activities they now enjoy doing on holidays. （ A） Allow k
13、ids to learn at their own pace. （ B） Encourage kids to learn from each other. （ C） Organize kids into various interest groups. （ D） Take kids out of school to learn at first hand. （ A） It is especially popular in Florida and Alaska. （ B） It is a major social activity among the young. （ C） It is seen
14、 almost anywhere and on any occasion. （ D） It is even more expressive than the written word. （ A） It is located in a big city in Iowa. （ B） It is really marvelous to look at. （ C） It offers free dance classes to seniors. （ D） It offers people a chance to socialize. （ A） Their state of mind improved.
15、 （ B） They became better dancers. （ C） They enjoyed better health. （ D） Their relationship strengthened. （ A） It is fun. （ B） It is life. （ C） It is exhausting. （ D） It is rhythmical. Section A 26 Since the 1940s, southern California has had a reputation for smog. Things are not as bad as they once
16、were but, according to the American Lung Association, Los Angeles is still the worst city in the United States for levels of【 C1】 _Gazing down on the city from the Getty Center, an art museum in the Santa Monica Mountains, one would find the view of the Pacific Ocean blurred by the haze (霾 ). Nor is
17、 the state s bad air【 C2】 _to its south. Fresno, in the central valley, comes top of the list in America for year-round pollution. Residents hearts and lungs are affected as a【 C3】 _. All of which, combined with California s reputation as the home of technological【 C4】 _, makes the place ideal for d
18、eveloping and testing systems designed to monitor pollution in【 C5】 _And that is just what Aclima, a new firm in San Francisco, has been doing over the past few months. It has been trying out monitoring stations that are【 C6】 _to yield minute-to-minute maps of【 C7】 _air pollution. Such stations will
19、 also be able to keep an eye on what is happening inside buildings, including offices. To this end, Aclima has been【 C8】 _with Google s Street View system. Davida Herzl, Aclima s boss, says they have revealed pollution highs on days when San Francisco s transit workers went on strike and the city s【
20、 C9】 _were forced to use their cars. Conversely, “cycle to work“ days have done their job by【 C10】_pollution lows. A) assisted I) inhabitants B) collaborating J) innovation C) consequence K) intended D) consumers L) outdoor E) creating M) pollutants F) detail N) restricted G) domestic O) sum H) freq
21、uently 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Some College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their Homework A Digital learning systems now charge students for access codes needed to complete coursework, take quizzes, and t
22、urn in homework. As universities go digital, students are complaining of a new hit to their finances that s replacingand sometimes joiningexpensive textbooks: pricey online access codes that are required to complete coursework and submit assignments. B The codeswhich typically range in price from $8
23、0 to $155 per coursegive students online access to systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson. These companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their new online offerings, when pushed to students through universities they partner wit
24、h, represent the future of the industry. C But critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos (观念 ) of the textbook business, and are even harder for students to opt out of. While they could once buy second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital syste
25、ms are essentially impossible to avoid. D When we talk about access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly (垄断 ) , a new way to lock students around this system,“ said Ethan Senack, the higher education advocate for the U.S. Public Interest Research Group, to BuzzFeed News. “Rather
26、than $250 (for a print textbook) you re paying $120,“ said Senack. “But because it s all digital it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt out. “ E Sarina Harper, a 19-year-old student at
27、Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when she first started college in 2015pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry homework. She told BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, a system provided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams
28、 and track their grades. But the code to access the program cost $120a big sum for Harper, who had already put down $450 for textbooks, and had rent day approaching. F She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $150 - $200, to pay for the code. She knew that her chemis
29、try grade may take a dive as a result. “Its a balancing act,“ she said. “ Can I really afford these access codes now?“ She didn t hand in her first two assignments for chemistry, which started her out in the class with a failing grade. G The access codes may be another financial headache for student
30、s, but for textbook businesses, they re the future. McGraw Hill, which controls 21% of the higher education market, reported in March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in 2015. The company said that 45% of its $140 million revenue in 2015 “was derived from digita
31、l products“. H A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that “ digital materials are less expensive and a good investment“ that offer new features, like audio texts, personalized knowledge checks and expert videos. Its digital course materials save students up to 60% compared to traditional printed
32、 textbooks, the company added. McGraw Hill didn t respond to a request for comment, but its CEO David Levin told the Financial Times in August that “ in higher education, the era of the printed textbook is now over“. I The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for stud
33、ents. “These digital products aren t just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds of features, “ David Anderson, the executive director of higher education with the Association of American Publishers, told BuzzFeed News. “ It helps students understand in a way that you can t
34、 do with print homework assignments. “ J David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that he understands the utility of using systems that require access codes. But he doe
35、sn t require his students to buy access to a learning program that controls the class assignments. “I try to make things as inexpensive as possible,“ said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his classes but designs his own curriculum. “ The online systems may make my life a lot easier but I fe
36、el like I m giving up control. The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit the students most. “ K A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she normally spends $500 - $600 on access codes for class. In one case, the professor didnt require students
37、 to buy a textbook, just an access code to turn in homework. This year she said she spent $900 on access codes to books and programs. “Thats two months of rent,“ she said. “You cant sell any of it back. With a traditional textbook you can sell it for $30 - $50 and that helps to pay for your new seme
38、ster s books. With an access code, you re out of that money. “ L Benjamin Wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina, told BuzzFeed News that “ it s ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have to pay for all these access codes to do our homework“. Many
39、 of the access codes he s purchased have been required simply to complete homework or quizzes. “ Often it s only 10% of your grade in class,“ he said. “ You re paying so much money for something that hardly affects your gradebut if you didn t have it, it would affect your grade enough. It would be b
40、ad to start out at a B or C. “ Wolverton said he spent $500 on access codes for digital books and programs this semester. M Harper, a poultry (家禽 ) science major, is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a new access code to hand in her homework. She rented her economics and statistics tex
41、tbooks for about $20 each. But her access codes for homework, which can t be rented or bought second-hand, were her most expensive purchases: $120 and $85. N She still remembers the sting of her first experience skipping an assignment due to the high prices. “We dont really have a missed assignment
42、policy,“ she said. “If you miss it, you just miss it. I just got zeros on a couple of first assignments. I managed to pull everything back up. But as a scared freshman looking at their grades, it s not fun. “ 37 A student s yearly expenses on access codes may amount to their rent for two months. 38
43、The online access codes may be seen as a way to tie the students to the digital system. 39 If a student takes a course again, they may have to buy a new access code to submit their assignments. 40 McGraw Hill accounts for over one-fifth of the market share of college textbooks. 41 Many traditional t
44、extbook publishers are now offering online digital products, which they believe will be the future of the publishing business. 42 One student complained that they now had to pay for access codes in addition to the high tuition. 43 Digital materials can cost students less than half the price of tradi
45、tional printed books according to a publisher. 44 One student decided not to buy her access code until she received the pay for her part-time job. 45 Online systems may deprive teachers of opportunities to make the best use of their expertise for their students. 46 Digital access codes are criticize
46、d because they are profit-driven just like the textbook business. Section C 46 For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. “While we teach, we learn,“ said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wis
47、dom up-to-date. They re documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction. Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and apply it m
48、ore effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who re learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer; They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-
49、born siblings (兄弟姐妹 ). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic. But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “ teachable agent“ a computerized character
