1、BEC商务英语（中级）阅读模拟试卷 65及答案与解析 一、 PART ONE 0 Look at the statements below and the following introduction about the types of ownership. Which type of ownership (A, B or C) does each statement (1-7) refer to? For each statement (1-7), mark one letter (A, B or C). You will need to use some of these letters
2、 more than once. A Partnerships On the whole, this is not a popular form of business organization, but it is often used by people in the professions, like doctors, dentists or lawyers, to expand their business.Greater efficiency is possible because people in this sort of association can spend their
3、time doing what they are best at. If one person is sick, then the remaining partner(s) can carry on the work. The main disadvantage is that even with this form of ownership, the amount of money available to the business may be limited. If people quarrel or disagree over decision-making there can be
4、problems and serious delays. B Public (PIC) Companies These are the largest businesses in the private sector. There is no limit to the number of people holding shares in it and many of the larger companies have their shares listed on the stock exchange. The advantage of big businesses like this is t
5、hat they find it easier to raise money as banks consider them a “good risk“. There are strict laws governing the setting-up of this kind of business and each year the company has to publish its accounts. The larger such businesses grow, the more difficult it is to control them. Workers in such busin
6、esses may feel that management doesnt understand their problems. C Private (Ltd) companies Such businesses are not allowed to sell shares to the public. They must consist of at least two members, but there is no upper limit to the numbers who own the company. The larger size makes it possible for su
7、ch companies to borrow more money from the banks or from issuing additional shares to its members. The advantage is that such a business is able to offer its members limited liability (responsibility) for debts and losses. Many companies of this type exist in England, Europe and the U.S. 1 There is
8、no limit to the number of people holding shares in it. 2 The company can list on the stock exchange and the share can be sold to the public. 3 The company usually is organized by doctor and lawyer. 4 The shares of the company are not allowed to be sold to the public. 5 The company has to publish its
9、 accounts each year. 6 The members of the company bear limited liability for debts and losses. 7 In this form, people can spend their time in doing what they are best at. 二、 PART TWO 7 Read the article below about decision making psychology. Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill ea
10、ch of the gaps. For each gap 8-12, mark one letter (A-G). Do not use any letter more than once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use. Decision Making Psychology Made Simple Decisions decisions! Understanding decision making psychology can enable you to reach a conclusion quicker. W
11、hether its choosing a holiday destination, or project to fund. youll find this outline of decision making psychology a useful addition to your management toolkit. Making up your own mind should (in theory at least) be the easiest after all, theres only one person involved! So well skip onto the more
12、 challenging area of group decision making. Somehow. out of the personality clashes,power struggles and hidden agendas, a perfect solution is expected to emerge In group decision making, there are a number of methods that can be applied, (8) The methods that are closer to the directive range, mean t
13、hat the decision is made by a limited, small number of decision makers in the group. The methods that are lower on the spectrum.towards the participatory range, mean that the decision is made by all the parties involved. Individual Dominance is where one person in the group has the authority or powe
14、r to make the final decision. Minority Minority usually takes the form of decisions delegated from larger groups and made by sub-committees. Majority Rules usually involve the group voting on the alternatives and the alternative receiving the most votes, wins. Consensus is achieved through group dis
15、cussion of the alternatives, where every group member can agree on an option and commit to the outcome. Directive decision making is great when time is tight and decisions need made fast, The risk is that decisions made by one person are owned by one person. People affected by the decision can soon
16、make their feelings known by their actions. (9) If there is a low or negative bank account between people involved, there may be trouble ahead! (10) In simple terms, people want to be involved.Regardless of power or status, knowing you have control and influence over your working life increases sati
17、sfaction and productivity. It is well known in the caring professions that offering choice helps speed recovery. The bed-bound patient who is asked whether they want their curtains open or closed, or has a plant to care for. fares better than those whose life is entirely managed by other people,Invo
18、lving more people in decision making is risky. It takes more time. It requires skilled facilitation. It doesnt guarantee success. (11) Decision making psychology is simple-involvement gets results. Although power struggles, personality clashes and hidden agendas are scary territory, over time,power
19、dissipates, people get on and agendas become more transparent. (12) The decision to work this way is yours! A To increase your chance of a decision being accepted, a more participatory approach is recommended. B But what it does do, is increase the likelihood of decisions being owned and acted upon
20、by enough people for a positive change to be effected. C These methods map out along a spectrum,from directive to participatory decision making. D Invest some time in learning group decision making techniques and getting facilitation experience and you will get results. E If there is a high emotiona
21、l bank account between people involved, the decision may be accepted although not liked. F Corporate executives have come to learn that to be effective, doing good must be grounded in a firms long-term strategy. G So well skip onto the more challenging area of group decision making. 三、 PART THREE 12
22、 Read the article below about corporate culture on the opposite page. For each question 13-18, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose. The term corporate culture refers to an organizations value system. Managerial philosophies, workplace practices, and organiza
23、tional network are included in the concept of corporate culture. Tyson Foods corporate culture is reflected in the fact that everyone even CEO Don Tyson wears clothes of a yellowish brown color on the job. The leaders who developed the company and the corporate culture typically shape the corporate
24、culture.One generation of employees passes on a corporate culture to newer employees. Sometimes this is part of formal training. New managers who attend McDonalds Hamburger University may learn skills in management,but they also pick up the basics of the organizations corporate culture. Employees ca
25、n absorb corporate culture through informal contacts as well, by talking with other workers and through their experiences on the job. Corporate culture has a major impact on the success of an organization. In organizations with strong cultures,everyone knows and supports the organizations objectives
26、. In those with weak cultures, no clear sense of purpose exists. In fact, the authors of the classic book In Search of Excellence concluded the presence of a strong corporate culture was the single common thread among many diverse but highly successful companies such as General Electric and McDonald
27、s. As you can imagine, changing a companys corporate culture can be very difficult. But some managers try to do just that when they feel the current culture is weak, or when the organizations objectives change and the old culture no longer fits. Sometimes the competitive situation of a company chang
28、es.For instance, electric utilities, which once had their profits guaranteed by public regulation, now face more competition than ever. Firms that were comfortable competing against other American companies now find themselves fighting competitors from overseas, too. Management expert Peter Duckers
29、feels that, rather than trying to change culture, managers should focus on changing employees and corporate practices, as follows. Define what results are needed. Specify in measurable terms what the organization or department,or office) needs to achieve. Determine where these results are already be
30、ing achieved within the current organization. Analyze the departments that are already effective and find out what they are doing differently from the rest. Determine what top management can do to encourage these good results. Duckers suggests that executives openly ask what they can do to help, and
31、 then do it. Change the reward system or develop a new one to recognize these effective practices. When employees realize that the organization really does reward the new approach, they will adopt it much more quickly. Whether one wants to change an organization culture or not, it is important to ch
32、oose managers and employees whose personal styles fit the organizations goals. 13 According to the passage, corporate culture （ A） means the cultural atmosphere in a company. （ B） is established by top leaders and cant be changed. （ C） involves the core values of a company. （ D） has little influence
33、 on the performance of a company. 14 In McDonalds Hamburger University, new managers （ A） learn the companys corporate culture at length. （ B） are only interested in learning management skills. （ C） learn all the necessary skills and practices of the company. （ D） have chances to know about the comp
34、anys corporate culture. 15 If an organization has a strong corporate culture. （ A） it can be sure of achieving great success. （ B） it will be as successful as General Electric and McDonalds. （ C） its staff tend to work for a common goal. （ D） it may have a strong influence on the market. 16 One reas
35、on why some managers try to change a companys corporate culture is that （ A） the existing corporate culture is very strong. （ B） they try to adapt the corporate culture to new situations. （ C） the company is facing a lot of competition. （ D） they are not so conservative as the old generation. 17 Whi
36、ch of the following is not advised by Peter Duckers? （ A） Evaluating different performances of various departments. （ B） Improving the communication among managers. （ C） Determine what is to be achieved by the organization. （ D） Improving the reward system so as to encourage new practices. 18 What i
37、s the writers purpose in writing this article? （ A） To give readers some factual information about corporate culture. （ B） To criticize managers who try to change corporate culture. （ C） To argue against Peter Duckers opinion. （ D） To promote the corporate culture of successful companies. 四、 PART FO
38、UR 18 Read the findings below on psychology of consumption. Choose the best word to fill each gap from A. B. C or D on the opposite page. For each question 19-33, mark one letter(A, B, C or D). Pricing and the Psychology of Consumption Ask any executive how pricing policies influence the demand for
39、a product or service, and youll get a confident, well-reasoned reply。 Ask that same executive how pricing policies affect consumption the extent to which customers use products or services that theyve (19) for and youll get a muted response at best. It is found that managers rarely, if ever, think a
40、bout consumption when they (20) prices and that be an (21) oversight. For many executives, the idea that they should (22) consumers attention to the price that was paid for a product or service is counterintuitive. Companies have long (23) to mask the costs of their goods and services in order to bo
41、ost sales. And rightly (24) if a company fails to (25) theinitial sale, it wont have to worry about consumption. To promote sales, health club managers encouragemembers to get the payment out of the (26) early； HMOs encourage automatic payroll deductions； and cruise lines bundle small, specific cost
42、s into a single, all-inclusive (27) . However, executives may be discouraging consumption when they (28) those pricing practices. People are more (29) to consume a product when they are (30) of its cost when they feelout of pocket. But (31) pricing practices such as advance sales, season tickets, an
43、d price bundling all serve to mask howmuch a buyer has (32) on a given product, decreasing the likelihood that the buyer will actually use it. And a customer who doesnt use a product is unlikely to buy that product again. Executives who (33) those pricing tactics without considering their impact on
44、consumption may be trading off long-term customer retention for shorf-term increases in sales. （ A） funded （ B） paid （ C） bought （ D） expended （ A） set （ B） decide （ C） resolve （ D） settle （ A） costly （ B） expensive （ C） dear （ D） luxurious （ A） pull （ B） drag （ C） draw （ D） get （ A） found （ B） sear
45、ched （ C） sought （ D） gone （ A） as （ B） thus （ C） for （ D） so （ A） produce （ B） construct （ C） build （ D） make （ A） road （ B） way （ C） line （ D） path （ A） money （ B） cash （ C） fee （ D） pay （ A） put （ B） apply （ C） carry （ D） do （ A） probable （ B） likely （ C） possible （ D） sure （ A） aware （ B） clear
46、（ C） familiar （ D） conscious （ A） common （ B） same （ C） ordinary （ D） similar （ A） afforded （ B） cost （ C） used （ D） spent （ A） engage （ B） appoint （ C） hire （ D） employ 五、 PART FIVE 33 How to approach Reading Test Part Five This part of the Reading Test tests your ability to identify additional or
47、unnecessary words in a text. Most lines contain one extra word which is incorrect. Read the whole text quickly to find out what it is about. As you read, try to identify the words that are incorrect. Make sure you consider whole sentences, and not each line separately. Then read the text again, and
48、write down the extra words. Remember there will be only one extra word in a line, and some lines are correct. Read the article on the opposite page about organising events. In most of the lines 34 - 45 there is one extra word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the meaning
49、of the text. Some lines, however, are correct. If a line is correct, write CORRECT on yourAnswer Sheet. If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet. The exercise begins with two examples, (0) and (00). Organising Events First task of all, you need to be sure that an event is really the best way to get your message across to customers. Maybe advertising or direct mail would be more 34 effective instead. While an event involves persuading
