1、BEC商务英语（高级）阅读模拟试卷 45及答案与解析 一、 PART ONE 0 Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from an article about loss of control downward in management. Which article (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement 1 8 refer to? For each statement 1 8, mark one letter (A, B, C, D or E) on your Answer Shee
2、t. You will need to use some of these letters more than once. A Managers control other employees. This is a vital function of management that varies only in degree and style. One area of change threatens to reduce the degree substantially: the “dilution“ of control downward. A key function from the
3、beginning, control shares the collective essence of management with planning, organizing, staffing, and directing. Some would add two more: innovating and representing. Today, many prefer a less autocratic-sounding word, but the logic remains convincing: Somebody must “run things“. By implication, m
4、onitoring that process is also necessary if an effective, profitable organization is to be realized. B Some control has already been diluted when the authority to make decisions in the bosses name is delegated. Needed especially as organizations grow larger, delegation almost inevitably generates te
5、nsion. Managers know they should and must delegate, for many reasons. No matter how skilled and experienced, one person can neither do everything nor make all necessary decisions. Even if that superhuman ability existed, the development of promotable subordinates would be compromised. C Regardless o
6、f how necessary and desirable, however, delegation remains difficult. Typically, managers view letting a “less qualified person“ do the job as illogical. They also fear potential loss of power and control. Despite such resistance, recent years have seen greater pressure to delegate. Those who like t
7、o invent terminology might call the new situation “delegation-plus, or perhaps “macro-delegation“. Even the basic word might be ready for retirement. D In other words, long-existing delegation of authority down the chain of command has been supplemented greatly by widespread “empowerment“. Decision-
8、making has been “pushed downward“ with a vengeance. Emphasis has been placed on decentralization and multiple teams. Causes are both philosophical and practical. Some see a pervasive paradigm shift. A vigorous effort is being made in benchmark firms not only to seek constantly better ways to do thin
9、gs but to do so more democratically, for assumed long-run effectiveness. One way to do this is to push organizational decision-making downward. Practically speaking, this effort is complemented by widespread downsizing. The restructuring that accompanies it often means reducing the number of middle
10、managers. In the resulting “flat“ organizations, those who remain wield broader spans of control or management, meaning they have more people to supervise. E Despite its popularity and even urgency, downward shifting provokes serious questions. Is it possible to reduce a managers operational control
11、 too much? Is the concept of “diminishing returns“ likely, as in economic theory? The trend has been long ongoing; if that point does exist, how close are we? Is endless decentralization logical? Delegation per se does not have to compromise management control; should not, in fact, provided the need
12、ed skill exists. But the danger is always present. 1 However managers are afraid of losing control, the pressure to delegate has been seen recently. 2 With the development of companies, more decision-makings are authorized in the bosss name. 3 Companies should place their emphasis on decentralizatio
13、n and group work for philosophical and practical reasons. 4 Definition of controlling reflects a democratic aspect of management. 5 Empewerment is a good supplement to the delegation of authority downward. 6 Though it is popular and urgent, downward shifting in management raises many serious questio
14、ns. 7 More rights have to be given to promotable subordinates, even though the boss is competent. 8 Though nowadays many people like a more collective-sounding word, running and monitoring is also significant. 二、 PART TWO 8 Read this text taken from an article about how the accountants influence the
15、 decisions. Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps. For each gap 9 14, mark one letter (A H) on your Answer Sheet. Do not use any letter more than once. How the Accountants Influence the Decisions Accountants in industry are often asked to evaluate projects. H . Many people think it must
16、be straightforward, but, like many publishing contracts, the devil lies in the detail. (9) . There is a high level of front-end investment in trying to “break“ (popularise) an artist which usually comprises a non-returnable advance on royalties, recording costs, promotional costs and tour support co
17、sts which sometimes even extend to large “buy-on“ fees to support major artists on big tours; i.e. they pay to play. Usually the first department involved in a decision to sign an artist is the A in clothes, Laura Ashley originally targeted a distinct segment of the womens clothes market. Through th
18、is approach, a strong market position can be achieved, operating costs can be kept low and, if targeted well, the firm can earn a high rate of return on its investment. At the same time, higher than normal risks are involved. The particular market segment can tarn sour； larger competitors may well e
19、nter the same segment with many more marketing resources. For these reasons, many companies prefer to diversify in several segments. In terms of application, many factors must be considered when choosing one of the above strategies. When a firms resources are limited, concentrated marketing make the
20、 most sense. Undifferentiated marketing is more suited when the product is homogeneous like grapefruit or steel. The products stage in its life cycle must also be considered. When a new product is introduced, it is often practical to launch just one version and in that case undifferentiated or conce
21、ntrated marketing makes the most sense. Differentiated marketing is more applicable to more mature products. Finally, competitors marketing strategies are important. 15 According to the first paragraph, what the main advantage does undifferentiated marketing have? （ A） Costs are low. （ B） The produc
22、ts can meet all customers needs. （ C） It is very good for competition. （ D） The products are more attractive. 16 According to the first paragraph and among the following products, what product will not benefit from undifferentiated marketing? （ A） Chocolate bar （ B） Detergent （ C） Steel （ D） Shampoo
23、 17 In the second paragraph, what features does differentiated marketing have compared with undifferentiated marketing? （ A） Consumers will purchase less. Differentiated marketing creates less total sales and the production as well as marketing costs are reduced. （ B） Consumers will purchase more. D
24、ifferentiated marketing creates more total sales and the production as well as marketing costs are reduced. （ C） Consumers will purchase less. Differentiated marketing creates more total sales and the production as well as marketing costs are increased. （ D） Consumers will purchase more. Differentia
25、ted marketing creates more total sales and the production as well as marketing costs are increased. 18 According to the second paragraph, why does the differentiated marketing provide a better chance of repeat purchasing? （ A） Because the consumers like the product very much. （ B） Because the consum
26、ers trust the brand very much. （ C） Because the consumers get used to buying the brand. （ D） Because they are familiar with the brand. 19 In the fourth paragraph, why do many companies prefer to diversify rather than stay in a concentrated market? （ A） To reduce the risk （ B） To spread the risk （ C）
27、 To earn a high rate of return （ D） To strengthen the market position 20 According to the last paragraph, why is differentiated marketing more suitable for products which are in the mature stage of their product life cycle? （ A） Because of a firms limited resources. （ B） Because of the homogeneous p
28、roduct. （ C） Because of competition. （ D） Because of better service. 四、 PART FOUR 20 Read the article below about sales promotion, and the questions. Choose the correct word or phrase to fill each gap from A, B, C, or D. For each question 21 30, mark one letter (A, B, C, or D) on your Answer Sheet.
29、Sales Promotion Promotion is any activity that encourages the purchase of a good or service. Managers must determine how much they are going to (21) promotion and what tools they will use. The promotional mix, or plan, utilizes personal selling, advertising, and sales promotion to deliver the messag
30、e. Public relations and all types of (22) that attract customer attention to the product also become part of the mix. Promotion is most important in the products introduction and maturity stages. In introduction, the market is unaware of the product and therefore uninterested; promotion must overcom
31、e (23) and generate interest. In the maturity stage, competition is stiff, and the promotion must show how a product is different or (24) . Promotional mix policies are affected by promotional program objectives, implementation strategies, (25) of program effectiveness, and the promotional budget. T
32、he key (26) of promotion are to provide information, stimulate demand, highlight values and stabilize sales. Promotion must (27) the market about what is available, the characteristics of the product or service, and how to use it. Increasing demand for a product is probably the most typical objectiv
33、e of promotion. Promotion tries to get consumers to (28) look for, examine, try, and purchase the product. Status-oriented advertising to highlight values makes sure customers are aware of what the company considers to be a real value. Another goal of promotion is to stabilize sales by (29) the stat
34、us quo that is, the current sales level of the product. During periods of slack or decreasing sales, contests, prizes, vacations and other incentives are sometimes (30) to customers to maintain sales goals. A stable sales pattern allows the firm to run smoothly by maintaining a consistent level of p
35、roduction and storage. （ A） deal with （ B） spend in （ C） benefit from （ D） invest in （ A） characteristics （ B） publicity （ C） methods （ D） advertisements （ A） ignorance （ B） carelessness （ C） unconsciousness （ D） innocence （ A） superior （ B） exceptional （ C） unique （ D） better （ A） scope （ B） antici
36、pation （ C） evaluation （ D） fact （ A） objects （ B） targets （ C） points （ D） objectives （ A） discuss （ B） talk （ C） say （ D） inform （ A） recognize （ B） hear （ C） like （ D） know （ A） tending （ B） remaining （ C） maintaining （ D） staying （ A） used （ B） offered （ C） tried （ D） attempted 五、 PART FIVE 30 R
37、ead the article below about small high-tech firms. For each question 31 40, write one word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet. SMALL HIGH-TECH FIRMS The problems of small high-tech firms have attracted a lot of attention recently. Research shows that many of these firms are built BY talented, c
38、reative scientists. Their owners have no trouble coming (31) with innovative products but they often cant build on their early success. One reason (32) this is that they dont have much management expertise. Therefore, they are unable (33) develop the strategies which are necessary for their companys
39、 growth. They are (34) a rush to develop products, and dont think enough (35) how to market them. When they do try to sell their products, they spend too much time trying to gain the trust of potential customers. Another mistake they make is to underprice their products so that they have no finance
40、(36) future development. Once the firms begin to grow, their owners underestimate the future costs of developing and marketing new products. Lack (37) financial planning is a major weakness of such companies. It is difficult for the high-tech firm to attract the right personnel because it cannot off
41、er the same job security (38) a large organization. The high tech firm can get round some of these problems by developing a specialist image. It can aim (39) a particular segment of the market. Customers then start seeking (40) the firm, se its marketing costs are reduced. The only drawback is that
42、it may take some time before customers accept the firms new technology. Enthusiasm, bright ideas, venture capital and technology are not enough to ensure success. Basic management skills especially financial and marketing ones are also vital. 六、 PART SIX 40 How to approach Reading Test Part Six This
43、 part of the Reading Test tests your ability to identify additional or unnecessary words in a text. Most lines contain one extra word that makes the sentence incorrect. Read the whole text quickly to find out what it is about. As you read, try to identify the words that are incorrect. Then read the
44、text again, and write down the extra words. Remember there will be only one extra word in a line, and some lines are correct. Read the advertisement below about a company which lets offices. In most lines there is one unnecessary word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the
45、 sense of the text. Some lines are correct. For each numbered line 41 - 52, find the unnecessary word and then write the word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet. If a line is correct write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet. Prestigious but inexpensive offices In some towns business premises are at a
46、 premium, with scarce office space rapidly being used up. So what do you do best if you need a base for a start-up company but 41. either cannot find a suitable location or cannot afford the overheads? One solution for 42. which ever more new businesses are opting is to use the services of an office
47、 provider, 43. a company applied with business premises, generally in prestigious locations. Its 44. subscribers can both save money by working from home, while impressing their own 45. customers by using the premises such as their business address, Offices can also be 46. hired for as short a time
48、as an hour, or for any other period, making it possible for 47. subscribers to hold meetings in rather more professional-looking surroundings than 48. their own home. In addition, office providers offer secretarial and the reception 49. facilities, thus are making these services available without th
49、e normal delays and costs 50. arising from having to recruit and employ staff. The flexibility of monitoring the 51. system means that your changing requirements can be accommodated without some 52. difficulty, allowing you to concentrate yourself on growing your business. Just choose the services you require. BEC商务英语（高级）阅读模 拟试卷 45答案与解析 一、 PART ONE 1 【正确答案】 C 2 【正确答案】 B 3 【正确答案】 D 4 【正确答案】 A 5 【正确答案】 D 6 【正确答案】 E 7 【正确答案】 B 8 【正确答案】 A 二、 PART TWO 9 【正确答案】 F 10 【正确答案】 E 11 【正确答案】 D 12 【正确答案】 C 13 【正确答案】 B 14 【正确答案】 A 三、 PART THREE 15 【正确
